Naturalism in education
Transcript of Naturalism in education
LOGO
NATURALISM
NATURALISM
Naturalism is a concept that firmly believes that ultimate reality lies in the nature of the matter.
Matter is considered to be supreme and mind is the functioning of the brain that is made up of matter.
The whole universe is governed by laws of nature and they are changeable.
Contents
Roots of Naturalism1
Life and Works of Philosophers2
Based on the Division of Philosophy3
Strengths & Weakness of Naturalism5
Naturalism in Education4
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1. Roots of Naturalism
The oldest philosophy Ionian pre-Socratic philosophers
Thales in 6th century B.C . - father of science
These early philosophers subscribed to principles of empirical investigation that strikingly anticipate naturalism.
Genevan philosopher, writer, andcomposer,leader of the Naturalistic Movement,French Revolution, development of modern political and educational thought.
English philosopher, scientist, and historian, one of the founders of modern political philosophy and political science
English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist
2. Life & Works of Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes
JeanJacques
RousseauHerbert Spencer
(1588 –1679) (1712 –1778) (1820 –1903)
3. Based on Division of Philosophy
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Axiology
NATURALISM
Naturalism based on Metaphysics
A worldview which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences
deals with existence
rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations
3. Based on Division of Philosophy
Naturalism based on Epistemology
According to naturalism, reality and nature are identical and beyond nature there is no reality.
Then how this theory of reality can be proved true?
This leads us to the naturalist theory of knowledge ; by perception, sensory knowledge, observation.
3. Based on Division of Philosophy
Naturalism based on Axiology
Life’s values Two general principles
i. General character of values embedded in nature
ii. The most desirable values realised in proportion to our harmonizing life with nature Greatest peace ; Pleasure and Satisfaction
3. Based on Division of Philosophy
4. Naturalism in Education
Aims Curriculum
Teacher Learner
Naturalistic Education
Learner
Individual is to be given unrestricted freedom and only then his harmonious development will take place.
The checks on the child are also to be natural.
The naturalists advocate discipline by natural consequences.
A danger that the child may harm himself and cause worry to the parents.
4. Naturalism in Education
Teacher
Extreme naturalists ignore teacher; because teacher will interfere with the development of a child.
If the teacher is to be there, let him design situations which help in the inculcation of right type of habits in the children.
As a director of activity, the teacher should not overdo his role or overact his role.
4. Naturalism in Education
Curriculum
Child centered according to the present and future needs of the child
Curriculum divided under two stages i. Earlier stage : Sensory training ii. Later stage : Subjects are include in the curriculum through activities and occupations like physical sciences, language, mathematics, manual work, trade, moral education, etc.
4. Naturalism in Education
Aims Rousseau says that . . .
education aims at the inner faculties, capacities and powers of the child
aim of education is not preparation for life, but participation in it
Each stage through which a child passes has a specific aim of education
4. Naturalism in Education
4. Naturalism in Education
1st
to gain knowledge and all the wants and needs of a child are to be fulfilled
2ndto provide the child with the strength that the child lacks of the ability of being free
3rd
to enable the child to acquire useful knowledge which would satisfy the child’s wants
Aims Stage
StageStage
4. Naturalism in Education
1st Stage
2nd Stage
3rd Stage
The aim of education is to develop the child emotionally and morally according to the child’s needs.
Strengths Clear formation of the psychological and
scientific conception of education Freedom for child from tyranny and
rigidity, interference and strict discipline Spontaneous self-activity of the child new psychological methods in
educations
5. Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Self-expression, follow nature, auto
education, plays way, self-discipline and non-interference, etc.
The great strength of Naturalism is its simplicity. It does not complicate the perception of existence by using abstract concepts.
5. Strengths and Weaknesses
Weaknesses It is based on one- sided psychology.
Irrespective of their individual differences, capacities and temperament
Direct experiences cannot be provided all the time; expensive and something impossible
It gives no place to the spiritual values.
5. Strengths and Weaknesses
Weaknesses Some of the principles envisaged by
naturalism are not possible to be practiced in the existing situations.
Ross rightly opines ‘it is in educational ideals, not in methods that naturalism fails to satisfy.’
5. Strengths and Weaknesses
LOGO