Natural Vegetation & Wildlife Natural Vegetation & Wild Life.
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Transcript of Natural Vegetation & Wildlife Natural Vegetation & Wild Life.
Natural Vegetation & Wildlife
Natural Vegetation &
Wild Life
Natural Vegetation Natural vegetation is plants that have not been
grown by humans. It doesn’t need help from humans and gets whatever it needs from its natural environment.
India has around 47000 plant species, about 15000 flowering plants & around 90000 species of animals.
Virgin vegetation is a vegetation which has grown without human intervention & it is not disturbed by humans for a relatively long period.
There is a great diversity w.r.t. flora & fauna throughout the world.
Factors affecting VegetationRelief
Land: Land directly and indirectly affects the natural
vegetation. If the land is level and fertile, it is mainly used for
farming. If the land is uneven then grassland and woodlands
develop over it.
Soil: Different types of soil are fit for different types of
vegetation. For example; sandy soil is fit for cactus and thorny
bushes, while wet and marshy soil is fit for mangrove
vegetation.
Factors affecting VegetationClimate
Temperature and Humidity: An area with high temperature and high humidity
supports evergreen forest, while an area with high temperature and low humidity supports thorny bushes.
Photoperiod: Photoperiod depends on latitude, altitude, season and
duration of the day. Trees grow faster in summer because of longer photoperiod.
Precipitation: If an area gets heavy rainfall, it is suitable for the growth
of dense vegetation. On the other hand, an area with scanty rainfall is suitable for thorny bushes.
Ecosystem An ecosystem includes all of the living things
(plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
Types of Vegetation There are five
major types of vegetation in India:
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tropical Thorn Forests & Scrubs
Montane Forests
Mangrove Forests
Tropical Rain Forests The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of
heavy rainfall.
Areas which receive more 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for tropical rainforest.
The forest has a multilayered structure.
Flora - Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber
Fauna - Elephants, monkey, lemur and deer, large number of birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails
Evergreen Forests (Western Ghats)
Ebony
Rosewood
Mahogany
Rubber
Elephants
Sloth
Lemur
One Horned Rhino
Tropical Deciduous Forests The trees of these forests shed their leaves during
dry-winter and dry-summer.
These are found in areas having 70cm to 200 cm of annual rainfall.
They are also called Monsoon Forests.
These forests can be divided into two types on the basis of availability of water. Tropical moist deciduous forests Tropical dry deciduous forests
Tropical DeciduousForestsMoist Deciduous Forest: Found in areas which receive rainfall between 200 cm
to100 cm.
Northeastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chhattisgarh. They are also found on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
Flora - Teak, Bamboos, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood, Kusum, Arjun etc.
Fauna - Tiger, Wolf, Gaur, Sloth bear etc.
Tropical DeciduousForestsDry Deciduous Forest: Found in areas which receive rainfall between 100
cm to70 cm.
Parts of peninsular plateau, plains of Bihar & Uttar Pradesh, Vidarbha, parts of Telangana.
Flora - Teak, Sal, Peepal, Neem etc.
Fauna - Four-horned antelope, chinkara, blackbuck, wild water buffalo etc.
DeciduousForests
Teak SandalwoodPeepal Neem
Four Horned Antelope Chinkara
Water Buffalo Blackbuck
The thorn Forests & Scrubs Thorn forests grow in those regions which receive
less than 70 cm of rainfall.
Found in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh.
The trees are scattered and they have long roots which go very deep in the ground. The stems are succulent to conserve water. Leaves are usually modified into thorns to prevent evaporation.
Flora - Cacti, Palms, Acacias, Euphorbia etc.
Fauna - Camels, Rabbits, Rats, Fox, Wolf, Wild ass etc.
Cacti Euphorbia
Acacia Palm
Camel Desert FoxWild Ass Viper
Montane Forests The forests in the mountainous areas are called
Montane forest.
The Wet Temperate type of forest is found between a height of 1000 and 2000 meters.
Temperate forests are found between the heights of 1500 and 3000 meters.
Alpine vegetation are found at heights of more than 3600 meters.
There is no vegetation along the snowline and above.
Montane Forests Flora - oak, chestnut, pine, deodar, silver fir,
spruce and cedar.
Fauna - Kashmir stag, spotted deer, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, horn wild ibex,rare red panda
Dark Brown Oak Forest Chestnut
Deodar Forest Spruce
Snow Leopard Jack Rabbit
Kashmir Stag Red Panda
Mangrove Forests Large and extensive types of trees up to medium
height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
Roots of the mangrove plants are submerged under water.
Hollow roots grow out vertically above water so that roots can breathe.
Flora - Sundari, Keora, Agar, Coconut
Fauna - Royal Bengal Tiger, Spotted Chital, Monkeys,Indian Crocodile, Gharial, Ganges Dolphin etc.
Mangrove Forests : World Distribution
Mangrove Forest
Sundari Tree Kewda
Palm Coconut
Royal Bengal Tiger Indian Crocodile
Gharial Macaque monkey
Ganges Dolphin
Wildlife of India There are more than 89,000 animal, more
than1200 species of birds & over 2500 species of fish in India.
It is home to Bengal tigers, Indian lions, deer, pythons, wolves, foxes, bears, crocodiles, wild dogs, monkeys, snakes, antelope species, varieties of bison and the Asian elephant.
Peacocks, pheasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes & pigeons are some of the birds found in India.
There are thousands of species of reptiles including many venomous snakes.
Asiatic Lion Royal Bengal Tiger
Nilgiri Langoor Himalayan Brown Bear
Indian Elephant
Nicobar Pigeon Great Indian Hornbill
Pheasant Peacock
Cobra Salt Water Croc
Andaman Gecko Water Monitor
Wildlife of India
The region's rich and diverse wildlife is preserved in : 120+ nation
al parks 18 bio -
reserves 500+ wildlif
e sanctuaries
National Parks It is a protected
area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.
Established to conserve the natural habitats of the wild fauna and flora with a no human interference.
There are 120+ national parks in India.
Wildlife Sanctuaries A wildlife
sanctuary is a declared protected area, where very limited human activity is allowed.
It is not physically fenced to restrict the public from entering and roaming inside a wildlife.
There are 500+ national parks in India.
National Park vs Wildlife SancturyNational Park
It is meant for protection of both flora and fauna.
Cultivation of land is not permitted.
Grazing is not allowed.
Forest products are not harvested.
Boundary is well demarcated.
Wildlife Sanctury
It is meant for protection of only fauna.
Cultivation of land is permitted to some extent
Grazing is allowed.
Forest products are harvested.
Boundary is not well demarcated.
Biosphere Reserves Biosphere Reserves of India often include one or
more National Parks or sanctuaries.
The Indian government has established around 18 Biosphere Reserves in India.
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Nanda Devi Gulf of Mannar Nokrek Sundarbans Manas Simlipal Dihang-Dibang Pachmarhi
Achanakmar-Amarkantak
Great Rann of Kutch Cold Desert Khangchendzonga Agasthyamalai Great Nicobar Dibru-Saikhowa Seshachalam Panna