Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
-
Upload
camron-owen -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.
![Page 1: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Natural Sciences 360Legacy of LifeLecture 08Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
Finishing Protostomes
![Page 2: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Onychophora
TardigradaAnomalocarididaeTrilobitomorpha
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Insecta
ARTHROPODA
Mandibulata
![Page 3: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hurdia – from the Burgess Shale.
![Page 4: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hurdia
Amongst the most primitive and oldest known of true arthropods.
Belongs to a group call the Anomalocarididae.
Known from the Late Cambrian Burgess Shale.
It demonstrates earliest evidence and example of the organization of the “head shield) region.
![Page 5: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TRILOBITOMORPHA
•Oldest known of arthropods.•Excellent examples known back to Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago).•Survived until Early Permian (about 280 million years ago).•Usually considered to be very basal (primitive) member of Arthropoda.
![Page 6: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TRILOBITOMORPHAOldest known of arthropods.Known back to Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago).Survived until Early Permian (about 280 million years ago).Usually considered to be very basal (primitive) member of Arthropoda.
![Page 7: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CHELICERATA
Includes spiders, scorpions, eurypterids
Have specialized mouth parts (but not jaws) called chelicerae.
![Page 8: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Some eurypterids were up to two meters in length!
![Page 9: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hadrurus arizonensis
![Page 11: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Onychophora
TardigradaAnomalocarididaeTrilobitomorpha
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Insecta
ARTHROPODA
Mandibulata
![Page 12: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MANDIBULATA – Arthropods with jaws. Includes crustaceans, insects, and others
CRUSTACEA Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, one terrestrial group—pill bugs.Primarily marine.
![Page 13: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A Crustacean
![Page 14: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A Crustacean
![Page 15: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A Crustacean
![Page 16: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Insects are thought to have evolved from MYRIAPODS through the phenomenon known as NEOTONY
NEOTONY – the retention of juvenile features and characters will attaining sexual maturity.
![Page 17: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Insects exploited the land with little or no competition.
Key innovations that allowed this:
1st – Chitonous exoskeleton hardened and became more waterproof.
Later (after insects had already appeared) - wings.
![Page 18: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.
“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera
![Page 19: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“Apterygotes” are wingless bugs and include things like silverfish and their relatives.
![Page 20: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.
“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera
![Page 21: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The more primitive winges insecs includde mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and the ODONATA.
The ODONATA includes damselflies and dragon flies.
![Page 22: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Original function of insect wings:
Probably not for flight, but for thermoregulation.
![Page 23: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The most primitive insects (called APTERYGOTES) did not have wings.
“Apterygotes” “Paleopterans” Neoptera
![Page 25: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LOTS and LOTS of insect groups:
Amongst the most important:
Coleptera (beetles)Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, others)Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)
![Page 26: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Almost 33% of all known species on the planet.
![Page 27: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, others)
Evolution of extreme examples of social systems
![Page 31: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)
Important pollinators, night and day.
![Page 33: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Others
Nematoda
Arthropoda
Others
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Ecdysozoa
Lophotrochozoa
![Page 35: Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 08 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Finishing Protostomes.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032722/56649ce25503460f949ad682/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Choanoflagella Porifora
Placozoa
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
Protostomia
Pterobranchia
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Chordata
Animalia