Interim Sediment Control W ater Application of Polymers

(1051)

DRAFTC:Kucher /tech standards/2015 tech standards/nr 1051 water ap add/ oct 15 edits/ 9-30-15 1051 gkedits

Water Application of Additives for Sediment Control (1051)

Technical Standard 1051– originally titled “Interim Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers” is being updated and retitled “Water Application of Additives for Sediment Control”. The intent of the update is to recommend changes to reflect the April 2015 “Water Quality Review Procedures for Additives” guidance. The guidance provides comprehensive procedures for the review of additives for potential toxicity. Additionally, the standard has been broadened to use the term “additive” to be all inclusive with the use of polyacrylamide and other polymers.

The WDNR is now soliciting public comments on the proposed technical standard update. The public comment period is 21 days. After the 21 day comment period is complete, all comments reviewed and the technical standard will be updated, the final technical standard will then be made available to internal and external users.

Comments related to this proposed technical standard update should be sent to:

DNRtechnicalstandards@wisconsin.gov

EGAD 3800-2015-11

Con se rva tio n P ra ctice S tanda rd s a re re viewe d pe riod ica lly an d upda te d if needed . T o ob ta in th e cu rren t ve rsio n o f DNR, W Ith is standa rd , con ta ct you r lo ca l DN R o ffice o r th e S tanda rd s O ve rsigh t Coun cil in Mad ison , W I a t (608 ) 441-2676 . 10/2015

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Water Application of Additives for Sediment Control (1051)

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Conservation Practice Standard

l. Definition

The water application of products containing polymers1water-soluble additives1 to

remove suspended solids in sediment control structures (water clarification). Products include additives such as polyacrylamide (PAM) and other polymers.

ll. Purpose

The purpose of this practice is to settle o ut o r remo veclarify water prior to discharge by settling suspended sediment fro m water within sediment control structures.

lll. Conditions Where Practice Applies

This practice shallis to be used with self-contained sediment control structures, on a temporary basis for construction sites, in an emergency for post-construction sites, and o nly co ntinually at sites ho ld ing an ind ivid ual p ermit, if needed, to improve the sediment removal efficiency of thea structure. P o lymersAdditives shall not be directly applied to surface waters of the state. Sediment control structures may be within, or discharge to, surface waters of the state.

This practice is intended for water application of additives (with an established allowable usage rate) when water could enter surface waters of the state as defined by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) ch. NR 102, Wis. Adm. Code.

lV. Federal, State and Local Laws

Water app licatio ns o f po lymerAdditive application shall

comply with all federal, state, and local laws, rules or regulations governing polymersadditives. The operator is responsible for securing required permits. This standard does not contain the text of the federal, state, or local laws governing po lymersadditives.

V. Criteria

[A.] Toxicity Criteria.

If used in accordance with the use restriction, the polymer mixture shall meet an acceptable level of risk such that the product can be used without significant harm to o rganisms that inhab it o r co me in co ntact with the aq uatic enviro nment. Every attemp t shall b e mad e to eliminate the use of any chemicals kno wn to be enviro nmentally to xic within a po lymer mixture. P o lymer mixtures shall b e no n-co mb ustib le.

1 Wo rd s in th e standa rd tha t a re show n in ita lics a re de scribe d in X. De fin ition s. Th e wo rd s a re ita licize d th e first tim e the y a re u se d in th e te xt.

Where an additive could discharge to surface waters of the state, the WDNR reviews toxicity data for the additive mixture based on the guidance titled “Water Quality Review Procedures for Additive s ”.

This guidance document outlines the toxicological analysis of water applied additive mixtures to arrive at an allowable usage rate (in mg/l or ppm) that is environmentally benign, harmless to fish, aquatic organisms, wildlife, and plants. This guidance lists the toxicity test results, parameters, and physical information needed to enable the WDNR to calculate the allowable usage rate for the specific product.

WhenThe manufacturer shall supp ly to xicity testing d ata to the W isco nsin Dep artment o f Natural Reso urces (W DNR) b ased o n the po lymer mixture, includ ing any b ind ing o r b uffering agents, catalyst o r any o ther additives.

[1.] T he use of cationic could discharge to groundwater, polyacrylamide shall b e avoided where there is danger of impacting aquatic organisms because its toxicity to aquatic test sp ecies occurs at very low concentrations.

Anio nic po lymer mixturesadditives shall have :: < 0.05% free acrylamide monomer by weight as established by the Food and Drug Administration

(FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

[2.] Each manufacturer shall provide to the W DNR to xicity info rmatio n (includ ing acute and chro nic water co lumn to xicity test d ata) fro m a certified lab, as defined in ch. NR 149 Wis.Adm.Code, fo r the polymer mixture.

This d ata shall includ e all raw and statistical d ata regard ing d eath, sub -lethal ob servatio ns such as immob ility, and any o ther test ob servatio ns. S tanda rd ized tox ic ity testin g procedures should be used and referenced. A u se restrictio n will b e calculated b y W DNR using the info rmatio n in App end ix I.

[3.] Users of polymer mixtures shall obtain and fo llo w all Ma terial Safety Da ta Sheet (MS DS) requirements, manufacturer’s recommend ations, and W DNR use restrictions.

A.[B.] Application Criteria[4.] Maximum app licatio nApplication rates, p er

sto rm event, in pound s per acre-feet shall be the lesser of W DNR’s use restrictio n multip lied b y 1 .3 5 o r the manufacturer’s recommend ed application rate (1 .3 5 is a co nversio n facto r that is used to change the use restriction from ppm to an application rate in pound s per acre-feet).

Con se rva tio n P ra ctice S tanda rd s a re re viewe d pe riod ica lly an d upda te d if needed . T o ob ta in th e cu rren t ve rsio n o f DNR, W Ith is standa rd , con ta ct you r lo ca l DN R o ffice o r th e S tanda rd s O ve rsigh t Coun cil in Mad ison , W I a t (608 ) 833 -1833 . 11/02

1Wo rd s in th e standa rd tha t a re show n in ita lics a re de scribe d in IX. De fin ition s. Th e wo rd s a re ita licize d th e first tim e the y a re u se d in th e te xt.

Con se rva tio n P ra ctice S tanda rd s a re re viewe d pe riod ica lly an d upda te d if needed . T o ob ta in th e cu rren t ve rsio n o f DNR, W Ith is standa rd , con ta ct you r lo ca l DN R o ffice o r th e S tanda rd s O ve rsigh t Coun cil in Mad ison , W I a t (608 ) 441-2676 . 10/2015

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[1.] Neither the shall not exceed manufacturer’s written application rate recommendations, no r the app licatio n rate and shall not exceed the WDNR allowable application rate (expressed in lbs/acre-ft).

1. The allowable application rate (lbs/acre-ft) is determined by multiplying the allowable usage rate (mg/l) by (1.35 lbs/acre-ft)/(mg/l).

2. The manufacturer or supplier shall provide written instructions (including the Material Safety Data Sheet or the Safety Data Sheet) to ensure proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product. The manufacturer shall provide general written application methods.

3. Additive mixtures shall be applied in conjunction with other erosion control BMPs and under an erosion and sediment control or stormwater management plan.

4. Where additive mixtures are used with temporary sediment control structures for work in a stream, such as during bridge construction, the structure shall not be removed until the water is clarified. If the resulting sediment floc is more than 6 inches deep it shall be excavated or filtered.

6. The applicator of the additive mixture shall at the time of application, document the following:

• Name of applicator

• Application rate in lbs/(acre-ft) of storm water runoff

• Date applied

• pH in sediment control structure after application

• Product type

• W eather conditions during application

• Method of application

C opies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor’s monitoring log or a project diary and made available upon request.

use restriction. 7. The manufacturer or distributor shall provide fo r the following for the applicator:

• Labels affixed to the polymeradditive mixture containers that indicate the recommended application rate and the maximumallowable application rate based on the use restrictio nallowable usage rate.

• A product expiration date for the polymeradditive mixture based on product expiration dates of the polymer.

• General written application methods.

• Written instructions to provide proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product.

[8.] The application method shall p ro vid e fo rensure uniform distribution of the product in the sediment control structure and shall consist of either:

• Passive Applications: Po lymer sAdditives applied by non-mechanically dosing the sediment - laden inflow prior to it entering the impoundment area of the sediment control structure. The manufacturer shall base passive application rates on the dissolution rate and/or the dead storage volume of the sediment control structure.

or

OR

• Active or Mechanical Applications: P o lymerAdditive applied by mechanically or hydraulically mixing directly into a sediment control structure.

9. Unused additive mixtures shall be minimized. Excess material shall not be applied at a rate greater than the allowable application rate. Disposal shall not occur in storm water conveyance systems (i.e., storm sewer manholes, storm sewer inlets, ditches, or culverts).

B.[C.] Product Review Criteria

1. Where sediment control structures may discharge to surface waters of the state, toxicity test results shall be submitted to: Runoff Management Section – Additive Review, WDNR, 101 South Webster St., P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, as a pre-qualification for field use. The WDNR will review the toxicity test results and will provide a written product allowable usage and application rate.

2. The additive mixture shall be resubmitted for toxicity testing if any portion of the mixture is altered subsequent to its established allowable application rate. Such alterations may include:

• The amendment of base additive and/or any other

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additives.

• The ratios of individual components.

3. Additives reviewed with regard to toxicity may still be subject to additional performance evaluation by end users.

VI. Considerations

The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with, the practice.

[5.] T he applicator of the polymer mixture shall at the time o f app licatio n, do cument the fo llo wing:

• Name of applicator

• App licatio n rate in po und s p er acre-feet o f stormwater runo ff

• Date applied

• Product type

• Weather conditions during application

• Method of application

Copies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor’s monitoring log or a project diary and made available upon request.

A. Additive mixtures should

[B.] Product Approv al Criteria

T he manufacturer shall certify, thro ugh ind ep end ent samp ling and test results, that their p rod uct p erfo rms as per the fo llo wing requirements. (T he product approval process is depicted in flow chart fo rm in Figure 1.)

[1.] T he to xicity info rmatio n req uired in sectio nV.A.3. of this standard shall be reviewed by the W DNR and used to generate a written p rod uct use restriction fo r the polymer mixture. App end ix I o utlines the info rmatio n that need s to b e sub mitted as a p art o f this review, and states where they must b e sub mitted .

P o lymer mixtures shall achieve ≥ 95% sediment reduction as measured by the standpipe method outlined in Appendix III.

[2.] P erformance criteria - active and passive app licatio ns shall b e field tested and sub mitted sep arately:

B. The performance of polymeradditive mixtures shallshould be verified and field-tested in a body of water that is not discharging directly into the surface waters of the state. The body of water shallshould be a minimum of 1/3-acre surface area and an average depth of at least 3 feet.

C. The total suspended solids prior to the polymeradditive treatment mustshould be tested and verified by an independent testing lab, and mustshould have a minimum value of 800 ppm or equivalent Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) and be visibly turbid. The relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and NTU is site-specific and the derivation of a unique TSS-NTU relationship shallshould be conducted for each sediment control structure. A minimum of two samples per acre-foot of water shallshould be taken from random locations within the test site.

D. Within 48 hours from the initial treatment of the water body, the total suspended solids mustshould have a maximum of 80 ppm, or equivalent NTU.

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E. Testing sites mayshould not be used for subsequent testing for a period of 3 months from the time of initial application.

F. The Wisconsin Department of T ranspo rtatio n (W isDOT ) shallWDNR should be notified at least 7 days prior to testing, and W isDOT and/or WDNR staff shall be allowed to monitor any such testing.

[3.] T he W isDOT Ero sio n Co ntro l Storm W ater/P rod uct Accep tab ility List Co mmittee will review and app ro ve p rod ucts as p er the p ro cess set fo rth in W isDOT ’s P rod uct Accep tab ility List (P AL).

[2.] T he po lymer mixture must b e resub mitted if any po rtio n o f the mixture is altered sub seq uent to its app ro val. Such alterations may include:

[a.] T he amendment of base polymers and/or any o ther add itives

[b.] T he ratio s of individual components

[VII.] Considerations

The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with, the practice.

G. When using products in impoundments immediately adjacent to, or within waters of the state, consider using products for which the manufacturer’s recommended application rate is considerably lower than the use restrictionallowable application rate.

H. The applicator should use the least amount of polymeradditive mixture needed to achieve optimal performance.

P o lymer mixturesI. Care should be app liedtaken to prevent spills of additive mixtures. Follow the manufacturer’s recommended cleanup procedures in co nj unctio nthe event of a spill.

J. Inhaling granular additive may cause choking or difficulty breathing. Persons handling and mixing additive should use personal protective equipment of a type recommended by the manufacturer.

K. Additive mixtures combined with water are very slippery and can pose a safety hazard.

L. Additive mixtures should be considered as an aid to removing solids from dredge slurries.

VII. Specifications

other erosionErosion control B MP s and und er an erosio n and and storm water management plans specifying additive mixtures for sediment control or stormwater management p lanshall be consistent with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.

VIII. O peration and Maintenance

Sediment levels on the bottom of the sediment control structure should be monitored to measure the loss of storage capacity over time due to enhanced sedimentation by the additive mixture.

Test the pH of the water in the sediment control structure and follow the manufacturer’s recommended pH range for their polymeradditive mixture, as pH will impact the effectiveness of po lymeradditive mixtures.

IX. References

Voluntary Use Of Polymers In DNR Programs (A Field Guide). For copies of this companion document, contact Mary Anne Lowndes, Runoff Management Section Chief , Bureau of Watershed Management, 101 S. Webster St., Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707-7921.

WDNR, “State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual, Edition 1.” Bureau of Watershed Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, 1996 (WI. PUBL-WW-033-96).

USEPA, “Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, 3rd Edition.” Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1994 (EPA/600/4-91/002).

Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., “Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix.” National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, pp. 278, February 7-10, 2000.

Roa, A., “Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?” Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997.

Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., “A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues.” Kimberly,ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research

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Lab, 1996. http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov/pamprim.ssi

Wirtz, J, R., “The Pros and Cons of the Use of Anionic Polyacrylamides to Control Erosion and Sedimentation in the Lake Mendota Priority Watershed”. University of Wisconsin-Madison, MS Thesis, 2000.

Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or any other kno wn enviro nmental to xicants sho uld no t

X. Definitions

[A.] b e includ ed in the polymer mixture.

[B.] Care must b e taken to p revent sp ills o f po lymer mixtures. Follow the manufacturer’s recommend ed cleanup p ro ced ures in the event o f a sp ill.

[C.] Inhaling granular po lymer may cause cho king o r d ifficulty b reathing. P erso ns hand ling and mixing polymer should use personal protective equipment of a type recommend ed by the manufacturer.

[D.] P o lymer mixtures comb ined with water are very slippery and can pose a safety hazard.

[E.] P o lymer mixtures should be considered as an aid to remo ving so lid s fro m d red ge slurries.

[F.] W here polymer mixtures are used with sediment control structures in the stream, such as during b rid ge co nstructio n, the structure sho uld no t b e remo ved until the water is clarified . If the resulting sediment floc is mo re than a half a foot deep it sho uld b e excavated o r filtered o ut.

[IX.] Specifications

Erosio n and sediment control and stormwater management p lans sp ecifying po lymer mixtures fo r sed iment co ntro l shall b e in keep ing with this stand ard and shall describe the requirements fo r applying the p ractice to achieve its intend ed p urpo se.

[X.] Operation and Maintenance

Sed iment levels o n the bo tto m o f the sed iment co ntro l structure shall be mo nitored to measure the loss of storage capacity over time due to enhanced sedimentation by the polymer mixture.

Additive (I): Substance, typically a commercial product that has the potential to be directly discharged to a surface water and may cause toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms.

Additive Mixture (V.A): Any reference to additive mixture refers to the whole manufactured product, including the additive and any components.

Allowable Application Rate (V.B.1) expressed in lbs/ (acre-foot) and is based on the product allowable usage rate.

Allowable Usage Rate (III): Identifies the concentration (expressed in mg/l) as calculated using the procedures described in the “Water Quality Review Procedures for Additives” guidance, below which a product is not expected to cause acute toxicity in the aquatic environment.

[XI.] Definitions

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)or Safety Data Sheet

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(V.AB.3)): Provide basic information on a material or chemical product intended to help someone work safely with the material. This includes a brief synopsis of the hazards associated with using a material, how to use it safely, and what to do if there is an emergency. The retail distributor and/or manufacturer as per OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, must provide MSDS, with the purchase of potentially hazardous products.

Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) (VVI.C.3.b).): A measure of the amount of light scattered by suspended and dissolved materials in the sample.

Polyacrylamide (V.A.1)I): A generic term for polymers made up of many repeating units of the monomer acrylamide (a simple organic compound).

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Polymer (I)): Polymers are materials that are either natural or synthetic and that have a chain of carbon molecules that are identical, repeating units. Polymers can be positively charged (cationic), negatively charged (anionic) or have no charge (non-ionic).

Polym er Mixture (V.A) Any reference to polymer mixtures refers to the whole manufactured product, includ ing the po lymer and any add itives. Add itio nal calcium or lime may be added as a buffering agent without being considered part of the whole manufactured product.

Sediment (II) refers to settleable): Settleable soil, rock fragments and other solids suspended in runoff.

Sediment control structure (I.) A sed iment co ntro l structure is an): An impoundment or pond designed to intercept and detain sediment carried in runoff, prior to the runoff reaching the main channel of a waterway or body of water. Placement of these structures must be outside of the main channel of a waterway and shall not span opposing stream banks in channelized flow. The sediment control structure must provide for dedicated sediment storage to at least a depth of two feet, such that the sediment will not be subject to re-suspension during high velocity flow conditions.

Impoundments may be created by a cofferdam, turbidity barrier, earthen berm, sheet piling, self-contained filtering systems or similar material. Examples include properly maintained construction or post-construction sediment ponds, discharging directly or eventually to a water body. They may also include surface water impoundments that are immediately adjacent to a waterway, whose function is to treat sto rmwaterstorm water or dredging material. Another potential application is to isolate localized areas surrounding bridge and culvert construction.

Sta nda rd ized tox ic ity testing (V.A.2) Examples of such includ e, b ut are no t limited to , tho se o utlined in the S ta te of Wisconsin Aquatic Life To xicity Testing Methods Manua l (Fleming, et.al, 1996) or Sho rt-term Method s fo r Estima tin g th e Ch ron ic To xicity o f Efflu en ts an d Receiving Wa ter to Freshwater Organisms (Lewis, et.al, 1994). T he WDNR use restrictio n shall be developed fro m this d ata.

Surface Waters of the State (III).): “Surface” refers to the sub portion of the waters of the state that discharge at the surface. “Waters of the state,”, as defined by s. 283.01(20), Wis. Stats, means those portions of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior within the boundaries of Wisconsin, all lakes, bays, rivers, streams, springs,

ponds, wells,

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impounding reservoirs, marshes, water courses, drainage systems and other surface water or groundwater, natural or artificial, public or private within the state or under its jurisdiction, except those waters which are entirely confined and retained completely upon the property of the person.

Use Restrictio n (V.A.2 ) Id entifies the co ncentratio n below which a product is no t expected to cause acute to xicity in the aq uatic enviro nment.

[X.] References

Vo luntary Use Of P o lymers In DNR P rograms (A Field Guide) For copies of this comp anion document contact Mary Anne Lo wnd es, W ater Reso urces Engineer B ureau of Watershed Management 101 S. Webster St., Box 7921 , Mad iso n, W I 53707 -792 1 P ho ne (608 ) 261 -6420Mar y A nn e. L o w n d e s @ d n r. st a t e. w i . us

Fleming, K., P . Hubbard, N. Krause, R. Masnado, D. P iper, W. Repavich, G. Searle, S. T hon, “State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual, Edition 1.” Bureau of Watershed Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, 1996 (WI. PUBL-WW-033-96).

Lewis, P .A., D.J . Klemm, J .M. Lazorchak, T .J . Norberg- King, W .H. P eltier, and M.A. Heb er, “Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, 3rd Edition.” Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1994 (EPA/600/4-91/002).

Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., “Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix.” National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, pp. 278, February 7-10, 2000.

Roa, A., “Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?” Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997.

Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., “A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues.” Kimberly,

ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996. http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov/pamprim.ssi

Wirtz, J, R., “The Pros and Cons of the Use of Anionic Polyacrylamides to Control Erosion and Sedimentation in the Lake Mendota Priority Watershed”. University of Wisconsin-Madison, MS Thesis, 2000.

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W isDOT ’s P rod uct Accep tab ility List (P AL). State DOT web site: h tt p :// www . do t . w is c o n si n . g o v / b u si n e ss/ e ng r s er v / p a l . h t m Questio ns regarding product approvals may be sent to : New P rod ucts Engineer, W isDOT , T echno lo gy Ad vancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd ., Madiso n, WI 53704.

Toxicity Testing

Sectio n V.C.1 . (a nd Appendix I)

DNR Cal cula tes

Use Restriction

� 95% Reduction ?

) Yes (eff ective)

Effective Application :< Use Restriction ?

yes

Field Performa nce Test

Sectio n V.C.3 .

eff ective not ef

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FIGURE I

POLYMER APPROVAL PROCESS

New Poly mer

Laboratory Sta nd Pipe Testing

Sectio n V.C.2 . (a nd Appendix II)

No (not eff ective

No

On Product Acceptability List

Sectio n V.C.4 .

f ective

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APPENDIX I

REQUIRED TOXICITY INFORMATION FOR W DNR REVIEW

T o xicity info rmatio n shall b e reviewed b y the W DNR and will b e used to generate a written p rod uct use restrictio n fo r the polymer. With Chapter 1.7 of the Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document (Fleming et. al., 2000) as a basis, the fo llo wing to xico lo gical info rmatio n/d ata is req uired :

[a.] Manufacturer of the polymer.[b.] Chemical name of the polymer.[c.] Active Ingred ient(s) (if no t p rop rietary info rmatio n).[d.] Chemical Ab stracts Service (CAS) #(s) of the polymer and/or active ingredients.[e.] Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or official toxicity test results listing availab le aq uatic life

to xicity data fo r the W HOLE P RODUCT . T o xicity data fo r active ingredients is no t acceptable fo r use in calculating a use restriction. T he fo llowing types of data is acceptable:

S p ecies E ndpoint of Con cer n Ceriodaphn ia dub ia (Cladoceran) 48 -ho ur LC50 or EC50/IC25

Daphn ia magn a (Cladoceran) 48 -ho ur LC50 or EC50/IC25

Lepomis ma crochiru s (B luegill Sunfish) 96 -ho ur LC50 or EC50/IC25

Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minno w) 96 -ho ur LC50 or EC50/IC25

Onco r h ynchus myki s s ( R a i n bow T ro u t ) 96 -h o ur L C 50 or E C 50/I C 25

LC50 = the estimated concen tration of polymer that would cau se 50% mo rtality to the test population fo llowing the given time period

EC50 = the estimated concen tration of polymer that would cau se a given effect in 50% of the test population fo llowing a given time period

IC25 = the estimated concen tration of polymer that would cau se a 25% reduction in so me biological measuremen t of the test population fo llowing a given time period

NO T E: T o calculate a use restriction it is necessary to have data from at least one of the cladoceran sp ecies and at least one of the fish sp ecies (according to NR 106.10(1)).

[f.] Co mp lete listing of toxicity test cond itions. Examples to fo llow includ e T ables 11 – 14 in W eber (1993).[g.] Standardized test methodology (name of a sp ecific method & its reference may be listed fo r this, such as

“Acute T o xicity T est P rocedures fo r Daphn ia magna ” in Weber (1993). If a modificatio n to a standardized method was used, provide the reference of the sp ecific method along with a sp ecific listing of and reasons fo r the mod ificatio ns).

[h.] Any no ted ob servatio ns fro m the to xicity tests.

T o xicity test results shall be submitted to: W ater Quality Standards Section, W DNR, 101 South W ebster Street, P.O. Bo x 7921, Madiso n, WI 53707, as one prequalificatio n fo r field testing.

References:

Weber, C. 1993. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Wa ters to Freshwater and Marine Organ isms, 4 th Ed itio n. Enviro nmental Mo nito ring Systems Labo rato ry, U.S. Enviro nmental P ro tectio n Agency, Cincinnati, OH. EP A/600 /4 -90 /027 F.

Fleming, K., S. Geis, E. Ko rthals, R. Masnado, G. Searle. 2000. Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document,

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Revision # 3. Wisconsin Department of Natural Reso urces, Chapter 1.7.

APPENDIX II

LABORATORY STANDPIPE TEST METHODOLOGY

[1.] Place 40 grams of oven dried “soil” in 2 liters of distilled water within a 2 liter graduated cylinder with stopper. The 40 grams of “soil” represents a “realistic” runoff suspended solids load of 20,000 mg/L (20,000 mg/L x 2 L) according to data collected from commercial and residential construction sites (Owens, et. al. 2000). Repeat a minimum of four times so that there are a minimum of five replicates. The "soil" used in the standpipe test may be characterized by one of the following three options:

Clays A clay "soil" is characterized as having greater than 20% of its particles < 2 µm in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use in any soil condition (clay, silt, or other).

Silts A silt "soil" is characterized as having less than 20% of its particles < 2 µm in size AND greater than 20% of its particles 2-25 µm in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use only in silt soils. The 2-25 µm size is representative of fine to medium silt soils.

Site-Specific Use of a site-specific "soil" provides an alternative for those seeking approval* of a polymer that may be customized for optimum performance (in both terms of suspended sediment removal and amount of polymer used) at a particular site. The results of a mechanical soil analysis characterizing the site soil sample particle size composition must be provided. The results of this analysis should be submitted with the results of the standpipe test entered on the "Standpipe Test Data Sheet." This option is provided since each site will have at least slight differences, if not significant differences, in soil chemical and physical characteristics. These differences may influence the effectiveness of any given polymer.

Indicate which "soil" type is used in the standpipe test on the data sheet under "-V Soil Type Used."

* Note that final approval of a polymer is granted only after it is demonstrated through both the standpipe and field tests that the polymer is effective and can be effectively applied.

1.[2.] Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.

2.[3.] Add polymer mixture to each graduated cylinder. The volume and concentration of polymer added is the manufacturer’s or supplier’s choice, but must include a set volume and a gradient of "low" to “high” concentrations. The volume and each polymer concentration must be recorded on the data sheet. The purpose is to determine the lowest polymer mixture concentration needed to achieve effective removal of suspended solids. Ultimately the least amount of polymer mixture needed to achieve optimal performance should be used in the field.

A minimum gradient of five polymer mixture concentrations is used to achieve the above stated purpose. The purpose of the five concentration gradient is to attempt to pinpoint the concentration that achieves optimal removal of suspended solids (i.e. least amount of polymer mixture required to remove a minimum of 95% of the suspended solids). This gradient should be sufficiently wide to show a range of effectiveness in removing suspended solids (with at least one, but preferably more, meeting the 95% removal level). A second goal of using a minimum of five concentrations is to avoid the occurrence of false negative outcomes in the polymer approval process. By having more concentrations across a gradient it is more likely to find truly effective concentrations that are less than the use restriction value. As is graphically depicted in Figure I, a polymer mixture will not be approved for field testing, and thus for inclusion on the PAL if its effective concentration (as determined in this laboratory stand pipe test) is greater than the use restriction value.

3.[4.] Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.

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[5.] Let the solution in each graduated cylinder settle for 5 minutes.

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[6.] Determine the percent suspended solids reduction in each graduated cylinder as follows:

a. Heat/dry one evaporating or drying dish at 103 – 105 °C for 1 hour for each graduated cylinder. Store the dishes in a desiccator until needed (steps b).

b. Weigh a dish out to at least one, and preferably more decimal points. Record this weight on the data sheet.

[c.] Collect 20 ml from within one of the graduated cylinders at the 1 liter mark and place in a p reweighedp re-weighed evaporating or drying dish (from step a). Repeat steps b and c for each of the other graduated cylinders.

c.[d.] Evaporate and dry each of the 20 ml samples from step b at 98 °C for at least 1 hour.d.[e.] Cool each dish with sample in a desiccator to balance temperaturee.[f.] Weigh each dish with sample. Record this weight on the data sheet.f.[g.] Subtract the weight of the dried dish (from step b) to determine the weight of the solids from the

sample.Record this weight on the data sheet.

• These methods follow, with slight modification, those of Standard Methods 2540 B. (1989).

[7.] The polymer passes this effectiveness test if it achieves � 95 % reduction of suspended solids. Thus, � 95 % reduction is achieved if the weight of the solids from the sample is :: 0.2 mg.

200 0 ml 1 2 0 ml 3

1000 mg/L 2 = X 4 ; X = 1 0 mg/L2000 ml1 = 20 ml3 X = 10 mg/L

1000 mg/L2 X4

1 = volume of solution in the cylinder2 = suspended solids concentration in the cylinder at ;: 95 % reduction3 = volume of sample taken from 1 L mark of the cylinder4 = sample solids concentration needed to achieve ;: 95 % reduction

10 m g L 20 m l

L x 100 0 ml x = 0. 2 mg10 mg x L x 20 mL = 0.2 mgL 1000 mL

4.[8.] A photocopy of the completed data sheet should be sent to the following address for WisDOT review: New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704.

References:

Owens, D.W., P. Jopke, D.W. Hall, J. Balo usek, and A. Ro a. 2000. So il e ro sio n fro m two sma ll con struc tio n sites, Dane Coun ty , Wiscon sin . U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-109-00, 4 p.

Standard Methods Co mmittee. 1989. 2540 So lid s. In L.S. Clesceri, A. E. Greenberg, and R.R. T russell, eds., S tanda rd Methods fo r th e Examination of Wa ter and Wa stewater, 17 th Ed itio n. American P ublic Health Asso ciation, Wa shingto n, DC. pp . 2 -7 2 - 2 -73.

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STANDPIPE TEST DATA SHEET

Date(s):

Testing Laboratory:

Analyst(s) Initials:

Polymer Name:

Manufacturer Name:

Volume of Polymer Mixture Used:

-V Soil Type Used: ___Clay ___Silt ___Site-Specific Soil (mechanical

analysis results enclosed)

Polymer Mixture Weight of Evaporating/Drying DishFinal Weight of Solids Sample

Concentration(mg/L or % solution) Pre With Sample

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Which polymer mixture concentration(s) achieved effective (?: 95%) reduction of suspended solids (i.e. final weight :: 0.2 mg solids)?

Notes/Comments:

Please send a photocopy of this completed data sheet to:New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704.