Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Natural resources are derived from the environment.

A natural resource is anything people can use which comes from nature. People do not make natural resources, but gather them from the earth. Examples of natural resources are air, water, wood, crude oil, solar energy, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, and coal

Any property of the physical environment, such as minerals, or natural vegetation, which humans can use to satisfy their needs

Actual and potential forms of wealth supplied by nature, such as coal, oil, wood, water power, and arable land

The naturally occurring assets that provide use benefits through the provision of raw materials and energy used in economic activity

Asset or material that constitutes the natural capital of a nation. Natural resources require application of capital and human resources (mental and physical labor) to be exploited (extracted, processed, refined) for the realization of their economic value

Natural resources are classified into two groups

A renewable resource grows again or comes back again after we use it. For example, sunlight, water, and trees are renewable resources

A non-renewable resource is a resource that does not grow or come back, or a resource that would take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non-renewable resource. When we use coal, there is less coal afterward. One day, there will be no more of it to make goods. The non-renewable resource can be used directly (for example, burning oil to cook), or we can find a renewable resource to use (for example, using wind energy to make electricity to cook). It is important to conserve (save) non-renewable resources, because if we use them too quickly there will not be enough

FOSSIL FUELS

Some examples of natural resources include the following:

Air, wind and atmosphere Plants Animals Coal, fossil fuels, rock and mineral resources Forestry Range and pasture Soils Water, oceans, lakes, groundwater and rivers Solar power

Natural (mineral resources) are backbone for the industrial development of a country. These resources play a dominant role in accelerating in the pace of progress and prosperity. Economic development of an economy is not possible without the availability of mineral resources.

Mining is an important industry in Pakistan. Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite and several other mierals. There are also a variety of precious and semi-precious minerals that are also mined. These include peridot, aquamarine, topaz, ruby, emerald, rare-earth minerals bastnaesite and xenotime, sphene, tourmaline, and many varieties and types of quartz

METALLIC MINERALS NON-METALLIC MINERALSIron ore coal

Copper sulphur Antimony rock salt

Chromites barite Celestite gypsum

Manganese soapstone Gold fluoride

Tin limestone Bauxite marble

clay

Coal:

Coal is used in thermal power station and in furnaces for making bricks. About 80 percent of cement industry has now switched over to indigenous coal from furnace oil that has saved considerable foreign exchange being spent on the import of furnace oil. Quality of coal is not very good. The coalfield in the Sindh province has huge coal resources of about 175 billion tones. In view of the anticipated shortfall of electricity and other energy resources during the next 10 years, the maximum utilization of coal would be required in power generation and gasification.

Natural Gas: Natural gas is used in domestic cooking, thermal power stations and steel furnaces and as a raw material for fertilizer industry and in CNG kits for transport purpose. It is used almost in every industry

Petroleum: Petroleum or Crude, oil is used in transport, power-generating stations, in iron and steel furnace Petroleum is known as black liquid gold. Of the total requirement only 40 percent is produced with the country and the rest is imported from abroad.

Lime Stone Limestone is used in manufacture of cement, lime, soap, paper, bleaching powder and glass. It is also used in paint industries. It is used in Glass making, in some circumstances. It is added to toothpaste, paper, plastics, paint, tiles, and other materials as both white pigment and a cheap filler. Used in blast furnaces, limestone extracts iron from its ore. It is often found in medicines and cosmetics. It is used in sculptures because of its suitability for carving.

Marble and Granite: Marble is used for decoration in construction industry and buildings. It is also used in sculpture. Colorless or light-colored marbles are a very pure source of calcium carbonate, which is used in a wide variety of industries. Finely ground marble or calcium carbonate powder is a component in paper, and in consumer products such as toothpaste, plastics, and paints

Rock Salt Rock salt is used for cooking and preservative purposes as well as in the manufacture of soda ash, bicarbonate of soda, caustic soda, etc. It is also used in textile and tanning industries.

Gypsum: Gypsum is used as a raw material in industries. Gypsum is used in the manufacture of cement, fertilizers and Plaster of Paris.

SOAPSTONE:

Soapstone (steatite) is a kind of talc (gray to green mineral found in rocks). It is used in many ways. In Pakistan it is used in the manufacturing of soaps, ceramics and face powder. Soapstone is used for sculpture. Soapstone is used by craftsman and carpenters as a marker because its marks are visible and not permanent.

BARITE: It is used in the manufacture of

paints, glass, insecticides and barium compound.

CLAY

In pakistan the important industrial clays are china clay, fire clay, fullers earth and bentonite.

(1)CHINA CLAY:

China clay or koalin is used in the ceramic industry (products made from clay and similar materials, as

pottery and brick) and for the manufacture of special type of cement.

(2)FIRE CLAY:

Fire clay is used in refractories (bricks of various shapes) , potteries and other chemicals

(3)FULLERS EARTH:

It is used in steel mills, oil filtering, oil refining and sealing reservoirs.

(4)BENTONITE:

IT is used in the same way as fullers earth.

Sulphur: It is the raw material used in various industries. it is mainly used for sulphuric acid and in manufacturing of explosives, paints, dyes, rayon (kind of cloth), fertilizer and for refining petroleum

MAGNESITE:Magnesite is

used in manufacturing of cement, paper, rayon, fertilizer, chemicls and drugs.

GEMSTONES:

Gemstones are mainly used in jewellry, ornaments (thing that adds to the beauty of a thing) and as decoration articles.

Iron Ore Iron ore is used in making steel, construction, engineering products and transport industry.

Copper: Copper, gold and silver are some highly precious metals. They are used for making ornaments, utensils and decorative articles. Copper is used in electrical equipment, power and communication transmission lines.

Chromites: Chromite is used in making engineering tools and stainless steel. It provides stiffness (firmness) and electrical resistance to steel.

Mining is an important industry in Pakistan. Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite and several other minerals. There are also a variety of precious and semi-precious minerals that are also mined. These include peridot, aquamarine, topaz, ruby, emerald, rare-earth minerals bastnaesite and xenotime, sphene, tourmaline, and many varieties and types of quartz.

COAL: which is also named as black gold is found into huge quantities in Thar, Chamalang, Quetta and other sites. It is available at Dandot, Makerwal, Harnai (Sindh).GAS: It is found in Sui, Attock, Pirkoh and KandhkotPETEROLIUM: Crude oil is found at Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Badin, Attock and Mianwali

A COAL MINE IN PAKISTAN

SOUTHERN SUI GAS COMPANY (SSGC) SITUATED IN BALOCHISTAN

CHROMITES: It is found at Chaghi, Malakand and Zhob.

COPPER: It is found at Sandak, Chaghi

IRON ORE: It is found at Kalabagh, Chitral, Hazara, Makerwal and Khuzdar.

A CHROMITE MINE AT CHAGAI

A COPPER MINE IN PAKISTAN

LIMESTONE:LIMESTONE: It has rich deposits in the country. It has rich deposits in the country. Lime stone is found at Hyderabad, Potohar Lime stone is found at Hyderabad, Potohar plateau, margala hills, derajat and at Khewra Salt plateau, margala hills, derajat and at Khewra Salt range.range.

MARBLE:MARBLE: Marble deposits are found at Marble deposits are found at mullagory on Peshawar-mullagory road in Khyber mullagory on Peshawar-mullagory road in Khyber agency. Marble deposits are also found at swabi agency. Marble deposits are also found at swabi (mardan district) and swat, marble is also found in (mardan district) and swat, marble is also found in the eruptive zone in chagai area.the eruptive zone in chagai area.

A LIMESTONE MINE IN POTOHAR PLATEAU

ROCK SALT: It is found mainly in salt ranges.its mines are at khewra, warcha and kalabagh.mining is done at jatta, bahadurkhel and karak.

GYPSUM: It is found at Hazara, Kohat, D.G.Khan and dandot .

SULPHUR: Its deposits have been found at extinct volcano KOH-E-SULTAN in chagai district of balochistan

KHEWRA ROCK SALT MINES IN PAKISTAN

A SULPHUR MINE IN PAKISTAN

What is a natural resources? The naturally occurring assets that provide use

benefits through the provision of raw materials and energy used in economic activity

Give some examples of natural resources? Some examples of natural resources include the

following: Air, wind and atmosphere Plants Animals Coal, fossil fuels, rock and mineral resources Forestry Soils Water, oceans, lakes, groundwater and rivers Solar power

What is a renewable resource and give some examples?

A renewable resource grows again or comes back again after we use it. For example, sunlight, water, and trees are renewable resources

Give some names of mineral resources found in Pakistan?

Pakistan has deposits of several minerals including coal, copper, gold, chromite, mineral salt, bauxite and several other mierals.

What is the econmic importance of fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels are used to generate heat which provide energy. This energy is used in domestic cooking, thermal power stations and steel furnaces and as a raw material for fertilizer industry and as a fuel for transport purpose. It is used almost in every industry to run the machines, generate electricity etc.

What are fossil fuels? Name them. Coal, oil, gas and nuclear power

together are called fossil fuels.

Give three names of each metallic and non-metallic minerals.

Example:Metallic minerals>(1)iron ore (2) Copper (3) Antimony

Non-metallic minerals:(1)coal (2)sulphur (3)rock salt

Name the given mineral Gypsum

From which basic material this sculpture is made? Soapstone.

How many types of clay are found in pakistan name them.

4 types of clays are found in pakistan which are:1-china clay,2-fire clay,3- Fullers earth and 4-bentonite.

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATIONCONTENTS OF PRESENTATIONNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES

What is a natural resource DONE Classification of natural resources with

examples DONE Main natural resources of pakistan

(forests, water resources, mineral resources and soils) DONE

Economic importance of mineral resources in pakistan DONE

Distrbution of mineral resources in pakistan DONE