Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany Thomas...

Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany

Thomas Kratzsch

Head of Department Basic Forecasts

Deutscher Wetterdienst

Germany

[email protected]

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Outline

No natural Hazard programme in Germany

National Authorities

DWD-Warning System

DWD - RCC-CM – data collection for climate monitoring

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No natural Hazard programme in Germany -

Responsible for disaster prevention the federal states are!

There are National Authorities and Organisations for disaster prevention and reduction , i.e.

BBK (under BMI)

DKKV (German Committee for Disaster Reduction)

Ministries: BMU (BFS:..“radiation protection“), BLE,

BMVBS (Protection of critical Infrastructures, DWD, BSH, …)

Flood forecasting: www.hochwasserzentralen.de ; http://www.pegelonline.wsv.de

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National

States

Local authorities

(municipalities, cities, etc.)

Local / regional major disasters and emergencies

Common emergencies / emergency & fire services, techn. assistance

BBK

Acts of war / emergencies of national significance / disaster assistance for states

Planning, coordination,

crisis management

Operative management

The German civil protection system


Flood forecasting in Germany: www.hochwasserzentralen.de


BBK- The challenges

An introduction to the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assitance

Source: BBKwww.BBK.bund.de


Der Bevölkerungsschutz beschreibt als Oberbegriffalle Aufgaben und Maßnahmen der Kommunen und der Länder

im Katastrophenschutz sowie des Bundes im Zivilschutz.

“Bevölkerungsschutz” as a generic noun describes all tasksand actions of the municipalities and states in the area of emergency/disaster management („Katastrophenschutz“) as well as those of the national level in

the area of civil protection („Zivilschutz“).

The German perspective

Civil Protection thus encompasses all non-police and non-militarymeasures for the protection of the population and its livelihoodagainst disasters and other major emergencies as well as theconsequences of war and armed conflicts. Civil Protection includes measures aimed at preventing such incidents, limiting their effects, and responding effectively to major incidents.

BBK Glossary, 2011


New Strategy for the Protection of the Population 2002

Starting pointChanged climate of risk and more comples risk managementShortfalls in emergency preparedness and response

The strategy

Basic approach of the new strategyCivil protection as common, joint task

• Strategic planning• Risk analysis• Objective (protection goal)• Cooperation, information, communication


•Organisation and development of self-protection•Information of the population•Warning of the population•Protective buildings•Right of residence•Protection of health•Protection of cultural assets•Development of a curriculum for civil protection•Support of national/federal authorities in common planning of civil defence

The responsibilities

Civil protection

•Technical-scientific research and publication•Control of equipment and agents, certification, standardisation, quality assurance•Emergency management – support of the states, if needed through the THW•Training of managers and decision makers in emergency management in relationto their responsibilities in the area of civil protection•Support of municipalities and lokal authorities in fullfilling their obligations in thearea of self protection

Civil protection and disaster assitance

ZSKG 2009, law on civil protection and disaster management


Civil Protection

National

The division of labour

Emergency management

States

Disaster assistance

CBRN protection

Protection of cultural assets Supporting CI

protection

Self protection

Flooding

Forest firesRoad traffic accidents

Storm

Local industrial accidents

Terrorist attacks


National

States

Local authorities

(municipalities, cities, etc.)

Local / regional major disasters and emergencies

Common emergencies / emergency & fire services, techn. assistance

BBK

Acts of war / emergencies of national significance / disaster assistance for states

Planning, coordination,

crisis management

Operative management

The German civil protection system


The BBK mission & tasks

Training

•Implementation and coordination of national responsibilities in civil protection

•Support of the national level and the states in emergency crisis management

•Developing principle guidance, support, advice, connect, coordinate, train

•Point of reference for the civil service, other organisations and the population

Crisis management

Risk management

Supporting volunteerism

CBRN protection

Public health protection

Warning of the population

Protection of cultural assets

Risk analysis

Research & development

International Affairs

Technical equipment

Emergency water supply

Promoting self-protection

Critical infrastructure protection

Psychological & social crisis management support

GMLZ


Denis 1 - open Internet-platform

deNIS-WebsiteOpen forPublic


BBK organizes and coordinates exercises on disaster management on civil protection every 2 yearson a national context:

training of collaboration of national – states – local authorities

BBK presents a list including natural hazards:„Gefahrenarten in Deutschland“natural hazards defined at most by severe weather warning criteria of DWD


• Founded in 2000, following the German IDNDR Committee

• Non Governmental Organisation

• Non Profit

• Located in Bonn

• Members and Advisory Boards

• 4 Employees

Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge (DKKV)

German Committee for Disaster Reduction

Organisation and Activities of the national platform for Disaster Reduction

Source: DKKV


Objectives of DKKVAnchoring of DRR in Politics, Economics and Administration

Awareness raising

Reduction of human, social, economical and ecological losses

Objectives are in line with IDNDR and IDSR.

Members of DKKV are:

• Human Health – Relief Organisations • Non Governmental Organisations• Institutions of Civil Protection and Scientific Institutions• Authorities• Networks


Operational Government

national

international

ScienceCivil Society

DKKV - Activities


Activities• Building of national and international Networks

• Advisors of Politics

• Improvement of Disaster management

• Knowledge management

• Advisor of Scientists on practical issues

• Public Relations

• Education Materials

• International and European Cooperation

Services for DKKV Members

Association – Events/ Discussion - Information - Lobbying - Projekts


There are no nationwide definitions of Natural Hazards in Germany!

butA) Natural Hazards from the perspective of warnings

B) Natural Hazards from the perspective of climatology:RCC-CM NetworksGlobal Precipitation Climatology Center

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Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst

Warning criteria

same criteria for whole Germany

defined in collaboration with national authorities for disaster management, based on evaluation of climate data

Warnings given for rural destricts, 200m vertical steps

4 different warning levels:

Weather phenomena

Violent gusts

Hurricane-force gusts

Extreme hurricane-force gusts

Severe thunderstorm

Intense heavy rainfall

Extremely intense heavy rainfall

Strong continuous rain

Extremely strong continuous rain

Heavy snowfall

Extremely heavy snowfall

Heavy snowdrifts

Black ice

Heavy thaw

Wind gusts

Storm gusts

Violent storm gusts

Thunderstorm

Heavy rainfall

Continuous rain

Snowfall

Snowdrifts

Slippery roads

Fog

Frost

Severe frost

Warning level

Expected weather conditions Colour

Official warning of particularly

extreme and severe weather

Extremely dangerous weather conditions Dark red /

violet

Official severe weather

warning

Very dangerous weather conditions Red

Official warning of significant

weather

Dangerous weather conditions Orange/

Ochre

Official weather warning Possibility of weather-related risks Yellow

No warning No weather-related risks Blue


Weather Warning

Meteorological phenomenon tresholds Name

windin ca. 10 m above free area

≥ 50 km/h Wind gusts

thunderstorm Electric discharge, also related with wind gusts Thunderstorm

light snowfallin heights over 800 m: individual decision

up to 5 cm in 6 hours

up to 10 cm in 12 hours

Snowfall

slickness caused by hoarfrost, snow cover, freezing moisture Slickness

frost widespread or continuing temperatures below freezing point; between 01.04 and 31.10. each year

In heights below 800 m

Frost

fog widespread visibility below 150 m Fog


Warning of significant weather



65 - 89 km/h Storm gusts

90 - 104 km/h Heavy storm gusts

thunderstorm related with storm gusts, heavy storm gusts, heavy rain or hail

Thunderstorm

heavy rain 15-25 l/m2 in 1 hour20-35 l/m2 in 6 hours

Heavy rain

continuous rain 25-40 l/m2 in 12 hours30-50 l/m2 in 24 hours.40-60 l/m2 in 48 hours.

Continuous rain

Snowfall

in heights over 800 m: individual decision

5-10 cm in 6 hours10-15 cm in 12 hoursover 800 m: up to 30 cm in 12 hours.

snowfall

Snowdrift


fresh snow or snow cover 5 -10 cm and wind gusts (39 km/h bis 65 km/h)

snowdrifts

slickness temporary or local, caused by freezing rain or drizzel, also freezing moisture with considerable traffic disturbance

slickness

frost Widespread or continuing temperature ≤ -10 ° C,

In heights below 800 m

Severe frost

thaw snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows:25 - 40 l/m² in 12 hours30 - 50 l/m² in 24 hours40 - 60 l/m² in 48 hours

thaw


Warning of severe weather and particulary extreme and severe weather (I)



105 - 119 km/h Violent gusts

ab 120 km/h Hurricane-force gusts

widespread more than140 km/h Extreme Hurricane-force gusts

very strong convective incident

Thunderstorm with hail, intense heavy rain, violent or hurricane-force gusts or local tornados

It is enough when only one of the attendent weather phenomena reaches the treshold of severe weather.hail with a diameter > 1,5 cm

Severe thunderstorm

intense heavy rain 25 - 40 l/m2 in 1 hour35 - 60 l/m2 in 6 hours

Intense heavy rain

>40 l/m2 in 1 hours>60 l/m2 in 6 hours

Extremely intense heavy rain

strong continuous rain >40 l/m2 in 12 hours>50 l/m2 in 24 hours>60 l/m2 in 48 hours

Strong continuous rain

widespread >70 l/m2 in 12 hours>80 l/m2 in 24 hours>90 l/m2 in 48 hours

Extremely strong continuous rain


Warning of severe weather and particulary extreme and severe weather (II)


snowfall


>10 cm in 6 hours>15 cm in 12 hoursin heights over 800 m: >30 cm in 12 hours

Heavy snowfall

widespread >25 cm in 12 hoursin heights over 800 m: >50 cm in 12 hours

Extremely heavy snowfall

snowdrift


fresh snow or snow cover 10 bis 25 cm and storm gusts or more (> 65 km/h)

Heavy snowdrifts

fresh snow or snow cover> 25 cm and storm gusts or more (ab 65 km/h)

Extremely heavy snowdrifts

black ice widespread black ice Black ice

thaw snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows:> 40 l/m² in 12 hours> 50 l/m² in 24 hours> 60 l/m² in 48 hours

Heavy thaw

Further information at www.dwd.de and www.wettergefahren.de


Heat warnings (heat load)

There is no official definition of a heat wave but criteria for heat warnings:Warning for a strong heat load: if Perceived Temperature at 12:00 UTC reaches or exceeds the threshold for strong heat load on two consecutive days and if the indoor temperature of a standardized building does not drop below a region specific threshold.Threshold for a strong heat load depends on the climate of the past 30 days to account for acclimatization. In most cases it is between 30 and 34°C. Indoor Temperature threshold takes the 8 hour nighttime average of operative indoor temperature into account and is depending on the region between 23°C in northern parts of Germany and higher regions and 25°C in warmer regions. An extreme heat warning is issued if Perceived Temperature at 12:00 UTC reaches or exceeds 38°C


Contracts / Agreements

DWD has existing contracts with all federal states

and DRK, THW, DFwV

on collaboration for disaster prevention and protection

Containing met. and warning products and

Climatological data and CC prognoses

DWD stores met. data (events) for more than 100 years of the own measuring networkPresents monthly reports „Monatlicher Witterungsbericht“


ESWD data base

There is a data base of severe weather events more than hundred years ago

www.essl.org

Close collaboration between several European National Meterological Services


The climatological view: RCC Network

DWD does the coordination for the RCC-Network on RA VI and is leader of the node for climate monitoring (RCC-CM) One task of the node on climate monitoring within RCC is the aspects for CLIMATE WATCH which is suggested by WMO NMHS’s within RA VI need support by detecting critical long-lasting weather periods on weekly or monthly time scale DWD leader of RCC-CMArmstatehydromet, Météo-France, KNMI, HMSS, TSMSare Consortium Members of RCC-CMMeteoFrance leader of RCC-LRF


RCC Network

Product is a Climate Watch Advisory in case of detectable significant weather events. The beneficiaries are the NMHS’s of RA VI. Creating a Hazard database for RA VI with floods, heat waves, cold spells, droughts, wildfire, storms, rainfall, landslides,subjective and objective criteria For strong events which effect several countries a post disaster review will be conducted in the context of RCC-CM. Those documentations are archived on www.dwd.de/rcc-cm


RCC Network – Product Examples


web application

map service attribute table creating reports

graphical statistic description

OpenLayers GeoExt

PDF.js

jQuery.flot.js

OpenStreetMap(external)

DWD - infrastructure

Geoserver

secondary information

WFS (Extreme Event data)

WMS (secondary data, background data)

Architecture for Visualisation of Knowledge Data Base for Extreme Weather Events in Europe


Data model of Knowledge Data Base for Extreme Weather Events in Europe

Spatial information

Related events

Description of Extreme Events

Supplymentary information to descripe Extreme Events

Supplymentary information for source description

Source description


anomalies, indicesevent

punctiformextreme values

extensivecharacteristics

line-likedevelopment(trajectories)

affected country

affected area

has

is cachment

locationpath

is characterised by

Description of Extreme Weather Events


Webclient to Visualise Knowledge Data Base of Extreme Weather Events

Events in 2012 from different data sources with spatial extension and occurence


RCC Network – Product Examples

WV1 – 01/2013


GPCC – Global Precipitation Climatological Center

• Acquisition of precipitation data from meteorological and climate observation networks.

• Quality-control and assessment of the collected resp. used data, correction of errors• Correction with respect to systematic gauge measuring errors• Calculation of gridded area-mean monthly precipitation for the earth's landsurface• Error assessment for the precipitation totals on the individual gridcell (i.e. sampling error, systematic error component)• Dissemination of the products (gridded data sets(pdf))

• Supervision of and reporting on availability, timeliness and quality of precipitation data (in SYNOP and CLIMAT reports received via GTS) (GCOS and CBS)

• Statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation (VASClimO)

• Assessment of high-latitude precipitation including snow observations (APDA)

• Specific case studies


Thank you for your attention !Thanks to colleagues from DWD, BBK, DKKV

Thomas KratzschHead of Department Basic ForecastsDeutscher WetterdienstFrankfurter Str. 135 – 63067 OffenbachGermany

[email protected]

Tel: +49 (69) 8062 2254Fax: +49 (69) 8062 2259

Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany Thomas...

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