Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline 101
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Transcript of Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline 101
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Natural Gas Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Transmission Pipeline
101101Terry BossTerry Boss
INGAAINGAA202-216-5930202-216-5930www.ingaa.orgwww.ingaa.org
[email protected]@ingaa.org
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Natural GasGeneral
Other names Marsh gas, Swamp gas
Molecular formula CH4
Appearance Clear Gas, Blue Flame
Properties
Density and phase 0.717 kg/m3, gas
Melting point −182.5°C (90.6 K) at 1 atm
25 °C (298 K) at 1.5 GPa
Boiling point −161.6°C (111.55 K)
Triple point 90.7 K, 0.117 bar
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Highly flammable (F+)
NFPA 704
R-phrases R12
S-phrases S2, S9, S16, S33
Flash point −188°C
Autoignition temperature 537°C
Maximum burningtemperature:
2148°C
Explosive limits 5–15%
Natural Gas
Source : Wikipedia
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Pipe beginsPipe beginsto burstto burst StressStress
StressStress
Strain
UTSUTS
YSYS
SMYSSMYSMAOPMAOP
(Class 1)(Class 1)
MAOPMAOP(Class 4)(Class 4) StressStress
PP
PipePipeYieldsYields
Pipeline Operation is Well Below Pipeline Operation is Well Below Materials Limit of the Pipe SteelMaterials Limit of the Pipe Steel
Experience Demonstrates a Two Times Safety Factor Over MAOP
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The Natural Gas IndustryThe Natural Gas Industry
MarketersMarketers
272,500 272,500 Gas WellsGas Wells
ProducersProducers• MajorsMajors• IndependentsIndependents
GatheringGathering
StorageStorage
30 Major30 MajorInterstateInterstatePipelinesPipelines
CommercialCommercial
ResidentialResidential
Industrial &Industrial &UtilitiesUtilities
1200 1200 DistributorsDistributors
StorageStorage
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Gas Demand OutlookGas Demand OutlookU.S. and Canada Gas Consumption
(Trillion Cubic Feet, Tcf)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
2001 2006 2011 2016 2021
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Power Generation
Other
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Change in System Load Change in System Load ProfileProfile
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1995
2002
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1995
2002
Lo
adL
oad
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Typical LDC Hourly Flow vs. Typical LDC Hourly Flow vs. Scheduled NominationsScheduled Nominations
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Thu, 3/6/03 Fri, 3/7/03 Sat, 3/8/03 Sun, 3/9/03 Mon, 3/10/03 Tue, 3/11/03 Wed,3/12/03
Thu, 3/13/03 Fri, 3/14/03 Sat, 3/15/03
Dth
Nom Flow
Note: days are gas days commencing at 9:00 amNote: days are gas days commencing at 9:00 am
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Model of Gas Model of Gas Transmission NetworkTransmission Network
Courtesy of EEA
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Transmission Pipeline Transmission Pipeline Right of WayRight of Way
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Engine Powered by Natural Engine Powered by Natural GasGas
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Natural Gas CompressorNatural Gas Compressor
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MeasurementMeasurement
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Remote Terminal UnitRemote Terminal Unit
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Typical Unit Control Typical Unit Control SchemeScheme
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Typical Station Control Typical Station Control SchemeScheme
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2002 to 2006 Incidents by Hour2002 to 2006 Incidents by HourOnshore Mechanical DamageOnshore Mechanical Damage
02468
1012141618
Hour of Day
12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM
6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM
12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM
6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM
5-Year data, 2002 to 2006, Download date 10-15-06, 419 Onshore and 155 Offshore Gas Transmission and Gathering Incidents