Rail Transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas: Safety and ...
Natural Gas and Transportation · Natural Gas and Transportation: Diesel, Gasoline, Natural Gas,...
Transcript of Natural Gas and Transportation · Natural Gas and Transportation: Diesel, Gasoline, Natural Gas,...
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Natural Gas and Transportation: Diesel, Gasoline, Natural Gas, and Efficiency
Pamela Campos December 13, 2012
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“ Natural gas could be a win-win, if— and this is a big ‘if’—we do it the right way.” –Fred Krupp, President, EDF
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Five Areas of Needed Action
1. Mandating greater transparency in industry operations.
2. Modernizing rules for well construction and operation.
3. Strengthening regulations for waste and water management.
4. Improving regulations to protect local and regional air quality.
5. Developing innovative strategies to reduce community impacts.
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History of HD Engine Standards
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Significant Progress: PM Emissions g/bHp-hr
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
1997 2011
Heavy Duty: PM Emissions
NGV_HHDD
Diesel_HHDD
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Significant Progress: NOx Emissions g/bHp-hr
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1997 2011
Heavy Duty: NOx Emissions
NGV_HHDD
Diesel_HHDD
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We Are Going the Wrong Way: GHGs
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0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
CNG LNG US LSD
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per MMBTU
Pump-to-Wheels
A Look at How NGVs Compare: 100 Year Scale
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0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
CNG LNG US LSD
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per MMBTU
Pump-to-Wheels Well-to-Pump
A Look at How NGVs Compare: 100 Year Scale
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End of pipe emissions aren’t whole story
COAL MINING & PROCESSING
TRANSPORTATION COAL COMBUSTION
NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
TRANSMISSION & STORAGE
NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION
LOCAL DISTRIBUTION TO OTHER END USERS
Source: Adapted from Jaramillo et al., (2007) EST 41, 6290
PROCESSING
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Scientific Review Quantifies: What It Will Take To Get Sustained Benefits From Natural Gas Reveals Climate Implications of Increased Use for Electricity and Transportation
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Limitations of Global Warming Potential
• GWPs established to inter-compare radiative forcing of GHG emission pulses at a single point in time after emission (e.g., 20 or 100 years)
• Inadequate to capture time-dependent climatic consequences of Fuel/Technology choices involving emission streams of multiple GHGs
– We suggest: Technology Warming Potential
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Technology Warming Potential: Natural Gas vs Gasoline
Years after decision point
Fleet Conversion
Tech
nolo
gy w
arm
ing
pote
ntia
l
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Technology Warming Potential: Natural Gas vs Diesel
Years after decision point
Fleet Conversion
Tech
nolo
gy w
arm
ing
pote
ntia
l
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Summary: Technology Warming Potential
Fleet Conversion Service-Life Pulse
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Leak rate affects time to climate benefits
Years until net climate benefits achieved
% W
ell-t
o-w
heel
s na
tura
l gas
leak
rate
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Leak rate affects time to climate benefits