Natural Capital Project Presentation
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Transcript of Natural Capital Project Presentation
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IT PAYS TO BE NICEEconomic models to encourage
social and environmental responsibility
Katie ArkemaApril 10, 2009Mills College
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True costs and benefits
Links between economics and nature
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True costs and benefits
Links between economics and nature
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The Natural Capital Project
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Natural Capital Project Goals
1. Quantify and value the full set of goods and services from ecosystems under alternative land use scenarios
InVEST2. Link this information to policy &
management decisions
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Decisions
Ecosystems
ServicesValue
Institutions
Biophysical Models
Economic Models
Incentives
Information
Actions & Scenarios
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Ecosystem ServicesEcosystems provide a wide array of goods and services
of value to people
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SeafoodCrops & LivestockForest Products
Provisioning Services
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Climate storage & sequestration
Water pollution regulation
Sedimentation controlFlood Control
Regulating Services
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Water for hydropower & irrigation
Nursery habitat for fishPollination
Supporting Services
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Spiritual ValuesKnowledge SystemsEducational Values
InspirationAesthetic ValuesSocial RelationsSense of Place
RecreationEcotourism
Cultural Services
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Appropriate scales for decisionsGLOBAL, SYNTHETIC
60% of global ES in decline (Millennium Assessment)
$33 Trillion/y (Costanza et al. 1997 Nature)
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Appropriate scales for decisionsGLOBAL, SYNTHETIC
60% of global ES in decline (Millennium Assessment)
$33 Trillion/y (Costanza et al. 1997 Nature)
LOCAL, SPECIFIC
2 forest patches: $60K/year (Ricketts et al. 2004. PNAS)
for pollination of nearby coffee plantations
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Appropriate scales for decisionsGLOBAL, SYNTHETIC
60% of global ES in decline (Millennium Assessment)
$33 Trillion/y (Costanza et al. 1997 Nature)
LOCAL, SPECIFIC
2 forest patches: $60K/year (Ricketts et al. 2004. PNAS)
for pollination of nearby coffee plantations
NEEDED• region/landscape scale
• spatially explicit• multiple services
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Appropriate scale for land use decisions
– How would a proposed dam or logging project affect different ecosystem services and biodiversity?
– What landscape pattern would optimize ecosystem services now and under likely scenarios?
– How should corporate landholdings be managed to maximize return on assets?
– Who should pay whom under a proposed PES program?
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Appropriate scales for decisionsGLOBAL, SYNTHETIC
60% of global ES in decline (Millennium Assessment)
$33 Trillion/y (Costanza et al. 1997 Nature)
LOCAL, SPECIFIC
2 forest patches: $60K/year (Ricketts et al. 2004. PNAS)
for pollination of nearby coffee plantations
InVEST
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1) what is InVEST?2) how is a large private
landowner using it?3) how can it inform
incentives?
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• Multiple services• Spatially explicit• Flexible and transferable• Biophysical and economic terms• Driven by future scenarios
InVEST Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services & Tradeoffs
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InVEST 1.0 Beta can map
Biodiversity
Crop pollination
Carbon storage & sequestration
Water pollution regulation
Managed timber production
Avoided reservoir sedimentation
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The next version of InVEST will add
Irrigation
Flood mitigation
Agricultural production
Hydropower production
Open access products (NTFPs)
Tourism and recreation
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Management– Water release schedule– Fertilizer application rate
Climate Change– Land cover change – Precipitation and temperature
Population Growth– Land cover change– Increased demand
Scenario Drivers
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
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Data inputs on natural capital
Land Use Soil type Topography
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Data inputs on built capital
Roads Cities Infrastructure
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
Supply
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Outputs of ecosystem service levelssupplied and demanded
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
SupplySupply Use
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Supply Use
InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
Supply
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
SupplySupply Use
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
Supply Use
• Quality water for human use
• Abundance in agriculture or flowering fields
• Crop potential yield
=
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
Supply Use Value
• Quality water for human use
• Abundance in agriculture or flowering fields
• Crop potential yield
=
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Economic ValuationMarket valuation
– Carbon– Timber– Non-timber forest products
Avoided damages– Water treatment– Flood risk– Reservoir maintenance
* Social Value* Private cost* Incentives* Optimal and efficient policies
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InVEST
Map of land use/ land cover
Bio
phys
ical
proc
esse
s• Water flow across landscape
• Pollinator abundance
• Crop potentialyield
• Terrestrial carbon storage & sequestration
Supply Use Value
• Quality water for human use
• Abundance in agriculture or flowering fields
• Crop potential yield
=
• Avoided treatment costs
• Market value added from pollinators
• Market valuefrom crops
• Social benefitof avoidedcarbonemissions
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InVEST Interface
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Download InVEST at http://invest.ecoinformatics.org
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Marine InVEST is under development
Fisheries Coastal Protection Recreation & Tourism
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China
EasternArc Mtns
US West Coast
Hawai’i
Amazon Basin
MexicoColombia
Ecuador
The Natural Capital Project
EasternArc Mtns
Hawai’i
Amazon Basin
MexicoColombia
Ecuador Sumatra
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Kamehameha Schools Land Assets
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An approach that balances
Economic value
Environmental value
Cultural value
Educational value
Community value
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Land Use Planning on the North Shore, O’ahu
Island of O’ahu
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Current Landscape
Low Intensity Development
Native Shrubland & Forest
AgricultureInvasive
Forest
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But, what should this landscape look like in the future to meet all these goals?
?
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Developing future scenarios
Status Quo
Diversified Agriculture and Forestry
Biofuels (sugar cane)
Residential subdivision
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Growing a biofuels feedstock
Sugarcane
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Expanding residential development
Subdivision
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Cultivating diversified agriculture & forestry
Food crops for local markets
Reforestation
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What is the flow of ecosystem services on today’s landscape?
How might these service flows change in the future?
Questions for InVEST
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Current Landscape: Water Quality
Nitrogen ExportRelative Water Quality Score
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Current Landscape: Water Quality
Relative Water Quality Score
Active agricultural fields and developed areas are
main sources
Nitrogen Export
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Current Landscape: Carbon Storage
Low Storage
High Storage
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Current Landscape: Plantation Income
Rental Rate ($/ac)100220400
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Current Landscape: Plantation Income
Losing $0.53 M each year
Rental Rate ($/ac)100220400
Most fields not rented yet incurring high property taxes
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What is the flow of ecosystem services on today’s landscape?
How might these service flows change in the future?
Questions for InVEST
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Scenario Maps: Water Quality (reduced Nitrogen export)
SubdivisionDiv. Ag. & Forestry BiofuelsChange in
Relative Score
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Scenario Maps: Carbon SequestrationSubdivisionDiv. Ag. & Forestry Biofuels
Change (tC/ha)
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Scenario Maps: Plantation Income
Value ($/ac)
50
250
10,000
17,500
SubdivisionDiv. Ag. & Forestry Biofuels
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Summary of Scenario ChangesSubd
ivision
Biofue
lsDiv. A
gr.
&Forestry
Scen
arios
CarbonSeq’n (tC/ha)
Water Quality Score
Plantation Income ($M)
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Subd
ivision
Biofue
lsDiv. A
gr.
&Forestry
Scen
arios
Water Quality Score
Plantation Income ($M)
CarbonSeq’n (tC/ha)
Summary of Scenario Changes
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Price premiums for “green” products
Legislation is coming- emerging market- inform policy
Fair conditions and payment
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NatCapChris ColvinMarc ConteGretchen DailyHelen FoxPeter KareivaChuck KatzErik LonsdorfGuillermo MendozaBelinda MorrisRobin NaidooErik NelsonNasser OlweroSteve PolaskyJim RegetzM. SanjayanRebecca ShawHeather TallisChristine TamBuzz ThompsonStacie WolnyMichael Wright
SupportNSF-NCEASLeverhulme TrustPackard FoundationMacArthur FoundationMoore FoundationRoger and Vicki SantPeter and Helen BingBen Hammett