NATO was signed on April 4, 1949.

(Saari 202)Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.

Countries involved:•United States•Canada•Italy•Portugal•Belgium•Denmark•Luxembourg•Spain•Turkey•France•Germany•Netherlands•Greece•Iceland•Norway•United Kingdom

(W. Book 471)

N.A.T.O. was set up to discourage an attack by the Soviet Union on the non-Communist nations of Western Europe

Also, it was set up to keep the peace among former enemies in Western Europe

(W. Book 471).December 1967 meeting of NATO

adopting policy of deterrence.

N.A.T.O. was the 3rd prime U.S. foreign policy legacy of the Truman administration

It was also the 1st Cold War organization to outdo Europe (Rice 17-18).

Each member country agreed to treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself .

NATO’s policy is know as deterrence.

(deter-means to discourage)

(W. Book 471)

http://www.nato.int/docu/logi-en/1997/lo-02d.gif

Civilian Branch and Military Branch

Meets on several levels-heads of government, ministers, or permanent representatives

The chairman of the council is NATO’s secretary-general

European Command

Atlantic Command

Channel Command

ww.infoplease

Is under the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).

Covers land from the North Cape to the Mediterranean sea and from the eastern border of Turkey to the Atlantic Ocean.

Wesley Clark(Current SACEUR)

Territory from the North Pole to the Tropic of Cancer and from the coast of North America to the coasts of Africa and Europe.

Is under the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT).

Headquarters at Norfolk, VA.

Covers the English Channeland the southern area of the North Sea.

The Canada-United States Regional Planning Group organizes the overall operations of NATO and the defense of North America.

NATO

Warsaw Pact

Albania, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria signed the Warsaw Pact with Russia

On May 14, the Soviet Union started the Warsaw pact that created what was called the Eastern Block of the USSR

The countries originally met in Warsaw, Poland but were later headquartered in Moscow

Soviet Union and Communist nations of Eastern Europe formed their own military alliance to oppose NATO

Democratic uprisings in Warsaw Pact nations were heavily controlled by the communist Soviet Union

One goal was to oppose NATO countries and discourage attacks from them

The Soviet Union controlled the nations with an “iron hand”

Moscow dictated everything and sometimes the countries involved in the pact didn’t know what they were suppose to be doing or what they were involved in themselves

Albania (withdrew in 1968)BulgariaRomaniaCzechoslovakiaEast GermanySoviet UnionHungaryPoland

The Pact and the Soviet Union weakened when nations started an unstoppable democracy movement

The remaining nations in the pact, as of 1990, dismantled in July 1991

Dealing with NATO-”Its very existence was a major step in the

institutionalization of the Cold War,” says Michael Kort.

Dealing with NATO and the Warsaw Pact-”Each sought leadership in reassembling the world

order; each sought to build up its own sphere of influence; each was driven by an ideology and a sense of righteousness,” says Mary Beth Norton.