NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M....
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Transcript of NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M....
![Page 1: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Cables for Power Systems
Paul M. Grant
Electric Power Research Institute
Palo Alto, California USA
![Page 2: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Agenda
• Prelude
• Conventional Underground Transmission/Distribution Cables
• Review of Type II Superconductivity
• HTSC Wire Issues
• LTSC ac and dc Cables of the Past
• HTSC ac and dc Cables for the Future
• Closure
![Page 3: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Electricity & Quality of Life
Emerging
Developing
DevelopedFSUs
log [ per capita GDP ]
log
[ p
er c
apit
a E
lect
rici
ty G
ener
atio
n ]
Persian Gulf
• Electricity directly related to standard of living in most of the world
• Enormous increase in electricity usage seen for the 21st century
![Page 4: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Electricity & Energy Conservation
E/GNP (index: 1900=100) Electricity (%)
E/GNP ratio
Electricityfraction
Source: Electricity in the American Economy, Sam H. Schurr, et al., 1990
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
50
40
30
20
10
150
130
110
90
70
50
![Page 5: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Electricity:A Life Necessity
![Page 6: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
The Electricity Paradigm
• Generation/Storage– Fossil, Nuclear, Hydro, Chemical– “Green” (Solar, Wind, Biomass)
• Transmission/Distribution– Overhead & Underground– ac & dc
• End Use– Industrial (Motors, Thermal)– Residential (Lighting, Appliances)
![Page 7: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Conventional Underground Transmission/Distribution Cables
![Page 8: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Overhead Lines
• Fast and cheap
• Piggyback on telegraph rights-of-way
• High capacity
![Page 9: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Urban Transmissionca. 1910
• City streets jammed with poles, overhead lines
• Visual pollution, danger
• No more rights-of-way
![Page 10: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
The Answer:Underground Cables
![Page 11: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Typical UtilityUnderground Feeds
![Page 12: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Undergrounding
![Page 13: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Line/Cable Performance Limits
![Page 14: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable Conductors
• Wire is what is wound into a conductor
• A cable is made by packaging a conductor
• A line is what is hung from poles
![Page 15: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable-in Conduit
• Cable installed in steel pipe (~ 8-12” dia)
• Very common in USA, ~50% in Japan
• Easy to retrofit
![Page 16: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Typical Cable Construction
![Page 17: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Elements of anHV cable
• Center conductor
• One circuit per cable
• Three cables in a conduit
![Page 18: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Manhole Structure
![Page 19: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
High PressureOil Cooling
![Page 20: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Urban Utilities:ca. 1920
![Page 21: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Type II Superconductors
![Page 22: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 SC Phase Diagram
IrreversibilityLine
Meissner
Mixed
NormalHc2
Hc1
Mag
netic
Fie
ld
TcTemperature
![Page 23: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Abrikosov Vortex Lattice
H
J
FLorentz Defects (pin sites)
Lorentzforce
![Page 24: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Extrinsic Pinning
10 m 10 m
DECORATED VORTEX ARRAYS
with random heavy ion tracksclean
M. Leghissa, et al. Phys. Rev. B48, 1341 (1993)
![Page 25: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Fission-InducedSplay Defects
• L. Krusin-Elbaum, et al., Nature, TBP
• Proton-induced fission of Bi and Hg
• World record Hirr at 77 K in Hg-1212
• Potential for special purpose high-field magnets
![Page 26: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Vortex Matter
FLorentzMoving Vortex Lattice
(elastic flow)
(plastic flow)
(moving liquid)
H
T
HC2
HC1
TC
Normal State
Meissner State
Vortex Liquid
Mag
neti
c F
ield
Static Phase Diagram
Vortex Glass
Bose Glass
Polymer Glass
Vortex Lattice
![Page 27: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
HTSC Wire Issues
![Page 28: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Progress in SC Wire Materials
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 0
50
100
150
200T
emp
erat
ure
, T
C (K
)
Year
Low-TC
Hig
h-T
C
164 K
![Page 29: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Wire-to-Cable
![Page 30: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Malozemoff’s Law
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
J c (
kA/c
m2 a
t 77
K, 0
T)
1990 1992 199519941991 1993 1996
ASC Short RolledMultifilamentBSCCO-2223/Ag
![Page 31: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Wire C/P Specs
V = f ( I , T , B , , , A , l ) ,
w h e r e V = v o l t a g e d r o p p e r u n i t l e n g t h , I = c u r r e n t , T = t e m p e r a t u r e , B = m a g n e t i c f i e l d , = c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c o r i e n t a t i o n , = f r e q u e n c y , A = c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l a r e a , l = w i r e l e n g t h .
C / P = $ / I l = $ / l g ( V , T , B , , , A , l ) ,
![Page 32: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 JC(B,T), B||ab
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.008.00 9.00
10.00
85
70
50200
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jc
(B,T
)/J
c(0
,77
)
B(T)
T(K)
ASC Bi-2223 OPIT TapeNormalized Jc, B||ab
85777064503520
![Page 33: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 JC(B,T), B||c
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.009.00 10.00
2050
70
85
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jc(B
,T)/
Jc(0
,77)
B(T)
T(K)
ASC Bi-2223 OPIT TapeNormalized Jc, B||c
20355064707785
![Page 34: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 “JE(77 K)”
COST/PERFORMANCE FOR COMMON WIRE METALS AT 15 MW/CCDISSIPATIONa
D Price JEV JE
W C/PMetal cm g/cm3 ¢/g A/cm2 A/cm2 $/kAm
Cu 2.510-7 8.92 0.20 4.00 245 7.21Al 2.410-7 2.70 0.15 4.17 250 1.66Ag 2.910-7 10.5 15.3 3.45 227 705
aPower dissipation defined as equivalent to an HTSC wire transporting 15,000 A/cm2 sustaining a voltage drop of 1V/cm, or 15 mW/cm3. JE
V is the volume equivalentcurrent density with respect to the HTSC wire, and JE
W
the power dissipation equivalent.
![Page 35: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
LTSC ac and dc Cables of the Past
![Page 36: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Brookhaven
135 kV, 1000 MVA, 3 m
Nb3Sn, 7-9 K
![Page 37: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Los Alamos
100 kV, 50 kA, 5000 MW, 300 m
Nb3Sn, 10 K, 16 Atm
![Page 38: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
HTSC ac and dc Cables for the Future
![Page 39: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Steel Pipe
SS Shield & Slider
Corrugated SS Tubes Insulation
Dielectric
HTSC TapesSS Former
LN2
LN2LN2
Vacuum
EPRI/Pirelli ac/SC/UG Cable
![Page 40: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cryo System
![Page 41: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable Termination
![Page 42: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Tape Specs
![Page 43: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable Specs
![Page 44: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 PMC ac Losses
![Page 45: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 PMC ac Losses
![Page 46: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 PMC ac Losses
PMC #1: 4 Layers
PMC #2: 2 Layers/ Insulation/ 2 Layers
![Page 47: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Summary of Losses
Pirelli RTD CableEstimated Losses
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Dielectric Cryostat Eddy Pipe/Shield
Eddy
Cryogenic ac Hysteretic Total
Lo
ss
es
(W
/m c
ct)
ac
Hys
![Page 48: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable Test Site #1
South Carolina Electric & Gas (SCEG)Upscale UrbanNeighborhood
Underground link:115 kV, 1.3 Miles
Only 5% Use
Study Complete: 4/97
![Page 49: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cable Test Site #2
Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO)Downtown Philly
Concrete Ducts:13 kV, 2 Miles
100 % Use
Study Complete: 5/97
![Page 50: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Superconductivityfor
Global Electrification
A Vision for the Future
![Page 51: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Pipes or Wires?
![Page 52: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997
Power Flow Scenarios
![Page 53: NATO ASI Applications of Superconductivity Loen, Norway - June, 1997 Cables for Power Systems P. M. Grant Cables for Power Systems Paul M. Grant Electric.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eec5503460f94bfe68e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cables for Power SystemsP. M. Grant
NATO ASINATO ASI
Applications of SuperconductivityApplications of Superconductivity
Loen, Norway - June, 1997Loen, Norway - June, 1997 The Electricity Pipe!
I
-V
Ground
Structural Support
SuperconductingElectricityPipeline
ThermalInsulation
ElectricalInsulation
Superconductor(-V)
Superconductor(+V)
+VI
LiquidNitrogen
•Total Cryopower System
•Power Capacity:• 5 GW dc
•Cost: < Gas Pipe & HVDC,
> 500 Miles