Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but...

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Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria Julian Brown Australian National University

Transcript of Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but...

Page 1: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria

Julian Brown

Australian National University

Page 2: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Outline

• Native Victoria bees visiting crops.

• Native vegetation and Victorian bees.

• Making nests for Victorian bees.

Page 3: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Study area

• 6 x orchards (mostly apple, some cherry)

• 7 x berry farms (blueberry, raspberry, blackberry)

• 7 x forest sites

Exoneura on Rubus. Photo credit: Alison Hoelzer

Page 4: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Victorian bees visiting crops

Page 5: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Crop visitation

Homalictus sp.

Lasioglossumparasphecodes sp.

White-banded bee(Lasioglossum sp.)

Red reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Blueberry

Apple

Raspberry andblackberry

Lipotriches sp.

Cherry

Black reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

This figure shows the Victorian bees, on the left, that I found visiting these crops on the right. A line connecting a bee to a crop indicates that I’ve seen that bee visiting that crop. The thickness of these lines is roughly proportional to the frequency of visitation, with thicker lines indicating more frequent visitation of that crop by that bee.

Page 6: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Native vegetation and Victorian bees

Page 7: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Nesting substrate

Homalictus sp.

Lasioglossumparasphecodes sp.

White-banded bee(Lasioglossum sp.)

Red reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Lipotriches sp.

Black reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Reed bees nest in pithy stems of things like tree ferns and bramble. All the other bees found visiting fruit crops nest in the soil.

Page 8: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Floral resources

Homalictus sp.

Lasioglossumparasphecodes sp.

White-banded bee(Lasioglossum sp.)

Red reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Lipotriches sp.

Black reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Natives

Crops

Weeds

A thicker line connecting a bee to a group of flowers indicates that bee visited that group of flowers more frequently.

Page 9: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Flowering time

Red reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Natives

Crops

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

Natives

Reed bees are actively foraging from the end of winter into autumn. Reed bees visit native plants like Acacias and Hakeas before crops start flowering, and visit native plants like Kunzea, Leptospermum, and Pultenaea after crops finish flowering in summer and autumn.

Page 10: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Flowering time

Natives

Crops

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

Natives

Lipotriches sp.

Lasioglossumparasphecodes sp.

Parasphecodes mostly visits Acacia in late winter-early spring.Lipotriches mostly visit Kunzea and Leptospermum in late spring-early summer.

Crops

Page 11: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Flowering time August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

White-banded bees and Homalictusmostly visited weeds like cape weed and wild Brassica that are found in orchards, berry farms, and pastures.

Homalictus sp.

White-banded bee(Lasioglossum sp.)

Crops

Weeds

Crops

Page 12: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

?

Homalictus sp.

Lasioglossumparasphecodes sp.

White-banded bee(Lasioglossum sp.)

Red reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Lipotriches sp.

Black reed bee(Exoneura sp.)

Landscape associations

Heavily forested

Mixed forest-agriculture

Landscape types

Predominantly agriculture

This figure shows the associations of our crop-visiting bees with different kinds of landscapes on the right. In this figure, a thicker line connecting a bee to a landscape type indicates that we found higher numbers of this kind of bee (in our traps and visiting flowers) in that kind of landscape.

Page 13: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Making nests for reed bees

Page 14: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Why reed bees?

• Visit all surveyed crops in relatively high numbers.

• Carry large amounts of crop pollen (so are probablygood crop pollinators… but not yet sure).

• Pollinate rarer native plants, including some sun orchids (Thelymitra) and donkey orchids (Diuris).

• Artificial nests are easy to make.

Page 15: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Reed bee nests

Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest.

Page 16: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Reed bee nests

Reed bees nest in the stumps of old canes cut in previous years (as shown by red arrow in middle picture).They also nest in canes bundled together and housed in PVC pipe (bottom picture).

Page 17: Native bees on crops in eastern Victoria · Reed bees usually nest in tree ferns in forests, but sometimes nest in cultivated and wild bramble in landscapes without much forest. Reed

Thank you

Contact me for further information: [email protected]

This project is supported by AgriFutures Australia, through funding from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture as part of its Rural R&D for Profit program.

mailto:[email protected]

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