Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions - NAMAs

Daniela CarringtonEnergy and Environment Practice

UNDP BRC© 2009 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission.

Zagreb, March 2014

1992: FAR0.3o C ↑

1995: SAR

2001: TAR1.4-5.8oC ↑

2007: AR41.1-6.4oC ↑

2014: FAR3°C ↑

1992: Framework Convention on CC adopted

1994: Convention enters into force

1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted

2001: Marrakesh Accords

2005: Kyoto Protocol enters into force

2007: Bali Road Map (COP13)

2009: Copenhagen Accords (COP15)

2010: Cancun Agreements (COP16)

2011: Durban Platform (COP17)

2012: Doha Climate Gateway (COP18)

2013: Warsaw (COP 19)

Science (IPCC) Politics (UNFCCC)The draft Fifth Assessment report of IPCC:

- urges quicker switch to low-carbon global economy;

- says delaying action on global warming will only increase the costs and reduce the options for dealing with its worst effects;

- global warming will continue to increase unless countries shift quickly to clean energy and cut emissions;

- computer models predict a 3°C rise over a 100 years, and they're more sure than ever "that many changes, that are observed consistently across components of the climate system, are significant, unusual or unprecedented on time scales of decades to many hundreds of thousands of years.

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• To keep within 2 degree C threshold CO2

concentration should stabilize at 450 ppm• A sustainable emissions pathway will require

the world to cut of 50 percent by 2050

A window of opportunity of 100 months

The Stern Review – cheaper to take action now World population predicted to reach nearly 9 billion by 2050

McKinsey : Resource Revolution -“ Meeting the world’s energy, materials, food, and water needs greater pressure on resource systems together with increased environmental risks present a new set of leadership challenges for both private and public institutions.”

URGENCY

Long global economic crises

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Post 2012 international CC regime:

Entering into new era of green global economic growth,through significant mitigation of GHG emissions and generatingfunding for mitigation and adaptation actions and thus creatingnew investment opportunities

We have witnessed three economic transformations in the past century. Firstcame the industrial revolution, then the technology revolution, then ourmodern era of globalization. We stand at the threshold of another greatchange: the age of green economics.” UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon

High level CC meeting 2014

Copenhagen => Cancun => Durban =>Doha => Warsaw ====== Paris 2015

(i) adopted the Second Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol (8 years + review; without Canada; Japan; Russia; New Zealand, new Kazakhstan (-5) and Belarus (-12); 36 countries with total reduction – 14%/1990)

(ii) operationalising the institutional mechanisms which were established in Cancun in 2010 to deal with enhanced adaptation, mitigation, financing, technology transfer, NMM, REDD+, capacity building, public awareness, etc.

(iii) Developing countries engaged in low-emission development and NAMAs

(iv) agreed the work programme under the Durban Platform to lead to a to adopt new “protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force” under the Convention by December 2015, to come into effect from 2020: vision – a new global agreement that will cover all countries; principles

ambition – to identify ways to achieve more ambitious global emission reductions

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Significant and cost-effective emission reductions will require a mix of policy instruments:

• A carbon price should be applied as widely as possible, starting with removal of fossil fuel subsidies

• Speeding up the emergence and deployment of low-carbon technologies (energy-related R&D);

• Avoiding deforestation and manage land use changes

• Reducing demand for emissions-intensive goods and services (behavior change); 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle)

• Increases in and reallocation of the financial resources

• International cooperation

Ensuring a smooth labour market transition

Transition to low emission development

EU ENERGY TARGETS: 20-20-20 by 2020 Reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to 1990

Increase the share of renewable energy sources in energy consumption to 20% 20% increase in energy efficiency- Each member state with a target

ENERGY ROADMAP 2050

To cut greenhouse gas emissions by 80–95 % by 2050

Energy efficiency - decrease in energy demand of 41 % by 2050 as compared to the peaks in 2005–06

A very high share of RES in gross final energy consumption (75 % in 2050) and a share of RES in electricity consumption reaching 97 %

ENERGY AND CLIMATE GOALS FOR 2030 (March 2014)

40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (compared to 1990 levels)

To achieve at least a 27% share of renewable energy consumption Energy efficiency to play a vital role, but no specific target at this point

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UNFCCC on NAMAs• Agreed in Bali in 2007 (COP13), submissions after Cancun 2010 (COP16) and

elaborated at subsequent sessions

– Voluntary mitigation actions by developing countries – domestically implemented or internationally supported in the context of SD

– Any government-supported (prioritized under LEDS) policy, program, project that results in measurable GHG reductions can be a NAMA

• MRV domestic and international, NC (national communications), BURs (biennial update reports, ICA (international consultation and analysis)

• A NAMA Registry records information and facilitate the matching of action and support

• Guidance for NAMA design

• Manual of the NAMA registry - Version of 20 January 2014

• Green Climate Fund to be capitalized mid 2014

LEDS and NAMAs fundamental for the post 2020 agreement

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Governments in the driving seat• Low-Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) are national long-term

strategies for reducing emissions while promoting sustainable development. They provide an overall framework for the development of NAMAs, could provide a list of prioritized NAMAs as well .

• The Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of these actions generates transparency on their implementation and facilitate adjustments.

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NAMAs could be developed without a LEDS, however donors prefer them based on LEDS and it is more strategic for the country

Measurement, Reporting and Verification

http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/SitePages/Home.aspx

UNFCCC via the Durban agreements provide a general framework of information that should be provided for NAMAs seeking international support, more details in the NAMA registry:

(a) A description of the mitigation action and the national implementing entity, including contact info;(b) The expected timeframe for the implementation of the mitigation action;(c) The estimated full cost of the preparation;(d) The estimated full cost and/or incremental cost of the implementation of the mitigation action;(e) The amount and type of support (financial, technological and capacity building) required to prepare and/or implement the mitigation action;(f) The estimated emission reductions;(g) Other indicators of implementation;(h) Other relevant information, incl. the co-benefits for local SD

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Types of NAMA: Domestically supported (Unilateral) and Internationally supported

NAMA Registry

Different NAMA Platforms have different formats, but similar information

Regional project on supporting ECIS transition to Low-emission development - 2010-2015

Governmental agencies in the region have an enhanced capacity to design, access finance and implement low-emissions development strategies, including trough NAMAs

• Our experience• Bosnia and Herzegovina: LEDS + Urban NAMA

• Croatia: LEDS + domestic (Urban) NAMAs

• FYR of Macedonia: Urban transport and Urban NAMA

• UNMIK Kosovo: LEDS

• Albania: streamlining of CC in the cross sectorial strategy

• Turkey: Urban transport NAMA

• Kazakhstan: LEDS, energy sector LEDS, and 2 NAMAs (1 Urban)• Uzbekistan: LEDS + paper mainstreaming gender in CC• Moldova: LEDS, cont. with HQs on LEDS• Turkmenistan: LEDS + LED AP11

Urbanization• Half of humanity ( 3.5 billion people) – live in cities today• By 2030, ≈ 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas• 95 % of urban expansion in the next decades in developing world• The world’s cities occupy just 2% of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80% of

energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions• Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living

environment, and public health

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• The high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption

• Urban development will have to fundamentally change to facilitate the transition towards a green economy

• Unique opportunities exist for cities to lead the greening of the global economy + economic, social, environmental benefits

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Urban NAMA in Bosnia and Herzegovina – town of TuzlaComplex Urban NAMA for implementation

Goal: 440,777 tons CO2-reduction;Co-benefits: • 23,516 man-month green-jobs generated • Reduced market-barriers for households, SMEs and investors • Significant environmental impacts & improvement of citizens’ health conditionsActions:1. Increased capacity of Municipality in mainstreaming CC challenges into development plans, Municipal EE&RES Revolving-Fund 2. Awareness: Tuzla CC&EE Educational-Centre3. Increased EE (cogeneration) Tuzla District Heating4. Increased EE of all Municipal public-buildings increased 5. Coal-heating replaced with biomass in 3400 households with technical/geographical barriers for

District-Heating connections6. Overall public-lightning optimised7. 1MW photovoltaic power-plant constructed on 3 multi-purpose locations in city-centre8. 5km bicycle-path constructed in city-centre operational9. Five electrical-cars

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Transport sector contribution to global emissions

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Urban Transport NAMA Turkey

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An internationally supported NAMA of a preparatory natureTwo-step Approach: I. Pilot Cities II. Country-wide Roll-Out

Will create an institutional, knowledge and planning framework through the establishment of a Model Comprehensive Urban Low-Carbon Mobility Plans to be employed across multiple metropolitan areas and included in the “Turkey Transportation Plan.”

Goal: to facilitate reductions of urban CO2 emissions by up to 15% compared to BAU

Actions: 1. High quality public transport (bus, rail, metro, ferry, where appropriate).

2. Cycling priority lanes and pedestrianization schemes.

3. Intelligent Transport Systems (i.e., smart traffic and parking management).

4. Green Asphalt technology (using “warm mix” or “green asphalt” and “reflective concrete” technology).

5. City-wide electric refuel stations.

6. Alternative fuel promotion and vehicle efficiency.

7. Integrated urban mobility throughout different modes of transport (i.e., combined ticketing schemes).

How to organize NAMA development• Integration of NAMAs into broader low-carbon (SD) development• Linkages to NCs, GHG inventories, TNAs and National plans• Identification of sources of nat./int. finance, technology and c.b.

needs• Data gathering• MRV systems• Setting up interministerial coordination; assure stakeholders

involvement for identifying and prioritizing (criteria/political) NAMAs. Roles and responsibilities of different ministries and institutions in developing, submitting, implementing, and MRVing

• Official establishment of DNAs – coordination role and contact with the UNFCCC (using CDM DNAs and rules)

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Thank you!

daniela.carrington@undp.org