Nationalism post WWI

Turkey

India

Kenya

Turkey

Mustafa Kemal

changed name to Kemal Ataturk (father of Turks)

Fought against an invasion by Greece in 1919

With help of the Young Turks won in 1922 The sultan gave up his thrown and the new

country ==Republic of Turkey was born! Kemal was dictator til his death in 1938

Republic of Turkey

Industries were establishedTariffs raisedWesternized the country:1. Latin alphabet2. Metric system3. No more wearing traditional cap (fez)4. Attempted to stop the practice of veiling of

women5. Western last names6. Legal code7. Separate religion and government

India

During WWI India was source of supplies for British (wheat crops and cotton cloth)

In 1917 GB promised as a return for this help they would allow self-rule someday

Only a few minor reforms were proposed 1919 GB brought strict rules to India and

cracked down on protests thereby triggering more riots by nationalists

April 1919, city of Amritsar--10,000 gathered to discuss

independence--troops fired into the crowd killing 400

Mohandas K Gandhi

He was able to unite Indians of all classes He was called “Mahatma” or “Great Soul” He was a lawyer educated in the west He had worked in South Africa against

descrimination He was a pacificst who called for non-

violent civil disobedience He called this approach “satyagraha”

which means ‘truth force’

Civil disobedience

He worked with the Indian National Congress (INC) to gain independence

He asked all Indians to reject western ways Do not be violent, worship money or hate people

different from youself Boycott of British cloth, he spun his own cloth

and the spinning wheel became the symbol of the INC

He was arrested in 1922 and not released until 1930

The Salt March

His first major protest upon release was against British tax on salt

(GB had a monopoly on salt production which was essential to life in this very hot climate. GB required a tax to be payed on all salt purchased.)

G led thousands 200 miles to the sea where they made their own salt from sea water. Thousands were arrested here and at protests around salt mines, thus encouraging more protests

Government of India Act 1935

British parliament finally passed this act allowing India to have a constitution that that gave local control over education, farming, health etc.

Still no full independence was given G told the INC to accept it as a first step

Religious Divide

Even from the beginning the INC was divided by the two biggest religions in India: Islam and Hindu

there were 3X more Hindus 1937, the Muslim League (Muhammed Ali

Jinnah) broke off from INC The Hindus were led by Jawaharlal Nehru G opposed a partition of India; he was

assassinated by a Hindu fanatic

After WWII

GB gave India its freedom after WWII Riots between the two religions led GB to

divide India into two separate nations A. Pakistan (majority Muslim) B. India (majority Hindu)

--a mass migration of people followed

---violence (including G’s murder)

Kenya

45,000 Kenyans died fighting in WWI GB did not give them independence Harry Thuku led protests v. strict british

laws and colonial taxes He was arrested during a riot 25 killed by GB troops

Jomo Kenyatta

Took over leadership role Traveled to Britain to talk to leaders Frustrated by slow progress WWII started and Kenya was still

controlled by GB