Critical Intro:

• What shows Otto von Bismarck was a “student” of Machiavelli?

Nationalism Emerges in Europe

What is Nationalism?Loyalty to a people not kings

Concept of CitizenshipHelp to build idea of nation states

Increase awareness of characteristics that unify a people

Characteristic 1

• Common nationality or ancestry

Characteristic 2• Common

language

Characteristic 3

• Shared Culture- dress, food, behavior

Characteristic 4

• Common Faith

Characteristic 5• Shared Territory-

called the“Motherland”

Roots and spread of Nationalism

• French Revolution• Age of Napoleon• Decisions at Congress of Vienna• Rise of Liberalism and a wealthy

middle class

Outcomes of Nationalism in 1800s

• Economic Competition between nations

• Growth of democratic ideals & liberalism

• Unsuccessful (except Greece) Revolutions in 1848

Greek Independence

• 1820’s - Greek Nationalists led successful revolution against _________________Ottoman Empire

11

12

Greek Independence from Ottoman Empire

Europe 1850 Europe 1870

What is the most obvious change from Europe of 1850 and Europe of 1870?

Unification of Germany and Italy

In Common•Product of Nationalism:Common history, language and culture

In Common• Previously divided into

independent states

• Early attempts failed

In Common

Germany and the Frankfort Assembly

Italy and failed revolution of 1848

• Austria was an obstacle

In Common

Austria

• Used a blending of diplomacy and war

In Common

Italy

• Originated in Piedmont (includes Sardinia)

• Diplomatic work of Cavour in North

Italy

•Military work of Garibaldi in South

• Papal states & Austria = final obstacles

• Italy benefits from Prussian Wars

Italy

Germany• Originated in

Prussia

• King William I

• Work of Prussian Otto von Bismarck's “realpolitik”

Germany

- Real/Practical politics - Discriminate use of war

Otto Von BismarckPrussian Chancellor

• War with Austria unified Northern German states

Germany

• France was last obstacle--Franco-Prussian War

Germany

- Southern German states unified w/north

- Gain Alsace/Lorraine