Nationalism and Sectionalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism

Economic Growth v. Division

Ambitious program to bring the nation together

Included:◦ A New National Bank◦ Protect American Manufacturer’s against foreign

competition◦ Building canals and roads to improve

transportation

Economic Nationalism

Republicans originally opposed the idea of a national bank.

State banks during the War of 1812 wrote “bad” notes

The new legislation gave the Bank:◦ The power to issue notes◦ Notes would be national currency◦ The national bank would control state banks

National Bank

Nationalism becomes Sectionalism

Protective Tariffs

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Tax on imported goods Meant to PROTECT American

manufacturing by increasing the cost of imported goods

Tariff of 1816

PROTECTive Tariff

Protective Tariffs Free Enterprise


Individuals acquire capital (money) and decide what to do with it

Companies in competition

Free Enterprise

Protective Tariffs Free Enterprise Factory System


Replaced home-based workshops Faster, more efficient production

Factory System

Protective Tariffs Free Enterprise Factory System Technological Advances


Interchangeable parts = manufacturing shifts from hand tools to complex machines

Cotton Gin = increase need in slavery = increased tensions between the north and the south

Technological Advances

Protective Tariffs Free Enterprise Factory System Technological Advances Transportation Revolution


Controversial in the government, start of sectionalism

John Calhoun (Rep. from South Carolina) sponsored a federal internal improvement plan

Vetoed by Madison◦ Argued that spending money to improve

transportation was not granted in the Constitution◦ Construction soon began, funded by states and

private companies.

Transportation Revolution

Roads: National Road


Canals


Railroads: “Iron Horse”


Rise of Large Cities

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Advantage: opportunities for different occupations

Disadvantages: dirty, crowded, disease, fire, crime, lack of local government = future corruption under political machines

Rise of Large Cities

Rise of Large Cities Workers begin to Unionize


Worker organizations bargaining for:◦ BETTER pay◦ BETTER hours◦ BETTER conditions

Little success in the beginning: unions were seen as “unlawful conspiracies that limited free enterprise”

Unions

Rise of Large Cities Workers begin to Unionize Growth of Industrial North


Began in the Northeast

Swift-flowing streams provided factories with waterpower

Area was home to many entrepreneurs and merchants who were willing to invest

Industrialists soon applied factory techniques to the production of lumber, shoes, leather, wagons, etc.

Industry in the North

Rise of Large Cities Workers begin Unification Growth of Industrial North Growth of Land of Cotton, South


Production of cash crops Tobacco, Rice, COTTON

Land of Cotton, South

Eli Whitney builds the Cotton Gin Quickly and efficiently combed the seeds

out of cotton bolls Textile mills expanded in Europe = EXPORTS 6,000 bales to 100,000 bales In 1860 Southern cotton sold for a total of

$191 million in European markets, 2/3 of the total export trade from the US

Demand for slave labor skyrocketed

Cotton is King

1. Protective Tariffs

2. Free Enterprise

4. Factory System

5. Technological Advances

6. Transportation Revolution

CAUSES

THE INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION

1. Rise of Cities

2. Unions

Advantages: jobs

Disadvantages: Crime &

Corruption

Response:Not Recognized

3. Growth of Industry in North

4. Land of Cotton in South

EFFECTS

SECTIONALISM

Nationalism and Sectionalism

Documents

Transcript of Nationalism and Sectionalism