National Warning System (1966)

8/3/2019 National Warning System (1966)

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FG-E-1.2December 1966

N A T IO N A L W A R N IN G S Y S T E M ( N A W A S )O P E R A T I O N S M A N U A LO ( S U p e r S e d e s F G - E -1 . 2 , d a te d J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 )

D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N S EO F F I C E O F C IV IL D E F E N S E

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~{ CONTENTS

PART I-INTRODUCTIONAssumptionsGeneral ResponsibilitiesFunctionsExecution

oPART II ..

Section I-PRINCIPLES OF' OppjRATIONCivil Defense Warning

Attack Warning. . Warning SignalsAttack Warning SignalAttention or Alert Signal

Section 2-NAWAS EQUIPMENTANDEQUIPMENTOPERATIONSNAWAS Warning Circuits

Area Circuits. . .State CircuitsOperation of Equipment . .Equipment at Warning PointsEquipment at State Warning PointsWarning Circuit Signaling . . . . .Warning Points to State Warning PointsState Warning Point to Warning PointsState Warning Points to Warning Centers or OCD Regions,and Other State Warning PointsWarning Center to All Locations

Voice Communications-NAWASReporting of TroubleCircuit Routing~NAWAS. .Movement of NAWAS EquipmentSUPPLEMENTTO Section 2:

2-A-National Warning System (map)Section 3-RoUTINE OPERA'l'IONALPROCEDURES

General . . . .Warning Point LogThe Warning CircuitTests . . . .Exercises. . . .Time References .Phonetic AlphabetMessage Precedence

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PageSUPPLEMENTSO Section 3:

3-A-Calling Procedures3-B-Test Procedures3-C-Exercise Procedures3- D- Time-Conversion Table3-D-1-Time-Conversion Chart3-E-Phonetic Alphabet3-F -Message Precedence

Section 4-EMERGENCYOPERATIONSROCEDURESGeneralDeclaration and Dissemination of the Attack WarningSpecial Emergency Announcements

Emergency Broadcast System (EBS)Alternate ProceduresTermination of Attack Warning and Emergency BroadcastSystem Operation

Special Emergency InformationPeacetime Disaster .Severe WeatherSeismic Sea Waves (Tsunami)Downed Aircraft

Reporting Transattack and Postattack InformationNuclear Detonation Information"Flash" Radiological InformationFallout Warning Messages

SUPPLEMENTSTOSection 4:4-A-Procedures for Dissemination of Attack Warning 244-B-Procedures and Terminology for Special Announcements 254-C-Procedures for Use of Alternate Means of Communications . 264-D-Procedures and Terminology for Terminating the AttackWarning and/or Emergency Broadcast System Operations 274-E-Procedures and Terminology for Relaying Peacetime Dis-

aster Messages 284-F -Procedures and Terminology for Relaying Severe Weather

Forecasts and Warnings 294-G-Procedures and Terminology for Relaying Information

About Downed Aircraft 304-H-Procedures for NUDET and Other Types of "Flash"

Reports 314-1 -Procedures for Relaying Information About Nuclear

1113141617181921212121212121212121222222222223

Accidents.Section 5-GLOSSARYOFWARNINGTERMS

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o

Part I

INTRODUCTIONThe objective of the Warning Program is toestablish, operate, and maintain an effectivenationwide warning system to alert govern-

ments, industry, and the public to the threat ofenemy attack and other extraordinary dangers.ASSUMPTIONS

A. Timely warning of impending attackand attack effects will materially assist in re-ducing the number of casualties.B. Tactical warning time is considered to be

less than 30 minutes because of the missilethreat. Tactical warning is warning based ondata from mechanical" or electronic detectionsystems indicating that the enemy has launchedan attack. However, attack could come at anytime without warning, and the detonation of aweapon might well be the first indication of at-tack. Strategic warning is a possibility. It isbased upon evidence of enemy intentions tolaunch an attack against the United Statesand/or its allies.GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES

The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) is respon-sible for the development and execution of allsteps necessary to warn or alert Federal mili-tary and civilian authorities, State officials, andthe civilian population. In order to carry out itswarning responsibilities, OCD, in coordinationwith State and local governments, has estab-lished the Civil Defense Warning System(CDWS). This system is part Federal, partState, and part local.

The Federal portion, which serves the conti-nental United States, is called the NationalWarning System (N AWAS). It is comprised ofthree U.S. Army Strategic CommunicationsCommand-CONUS-National Civil DefenseWarning Centers manned 24 hours daily byUSASTRATCOM-CONUS Attack WarningOfficers, nearly 45,000 miles of private-wiretelephone circuits that link the three WarningCenters, USASTRATCOM Headquarters, OCD

Regions, certain OCD offices, and more than850 Warning Points that serve States and theirprincipal political subdivisions.The State portion is comprised of warningsystems established by the respective States torelay warning and other emergency informa-

tion received over NAWAS to political sub-divisions that are not served by NAWAS. Facil-ities utilized for this purpose vary from Stateto State. The majority use State Public ServiceRadio Systems (police, highway, conservation,and similar departmental networks); othersuse telephone, teletype, or special systems suchas bell-and-lights. County sheriff radio netsare often linked to State networks and assist inspreading the warning throughout the county.

The local portion consists of devices used towarn the public: sirens, horns, voice-sound sys-tems, etc., and the facilities utilized to alert keypersonnel and installations.

FUNCTIONSThere are certain basic functions that mustbe carried out by governments to assure thesuccessful development and operation of a rapid,reliable nationwide warning system:

1. Prepare a War'ning PlanEach level of government must prepare awarning plan setting forth its role and mode ofoperation, and making certain that its plan iscompatible with the plan of the next higherechelon of government.

2. Establish a Source of WarningA source of warning for every WarningPoint must be established by the government

concerned.3. Establish Waming Points

Each political subdivision must establish,equip, maintain, and staff a location wherewarnings may be received and relayed to thepublic, and to other political subdivisions (whenrequired) according to established plans andprocedures.1


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4. Provide Warning FacilitiesEach level of government must establish or

designate communication facilities, equipment,and devices for relaying warning from itssource to government, industry, and the public.5. Establish Warning ProceduresEach level of government must establish and

test procedures governing the dissemination ofwarning, and must insure that its proceduresare compatible with those of other politicalsubdivisions concerned.6. Inform the PublicPeople must be informed of the meaning of

civil defense warning signals and of the actionsrequired.7. Test Warning Facilities and ProceduresIf warning is to be effective, warning facil-ities and the procedures governing their oper-ation must be tested regularly.

EXECUTIONThe Federal Government will:1. Establish a reliable source of warning.2. Establish, maintain, and operate 24 hours

daily a rapid, reliable warning system to pro-vide warning of enemy attack and relatedemergency information to the continentalUnited States.3. Establish procedures governing the oper-

ation of this warning system.

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4. Test the warning system.5. Provide guidance to States and their

political subdivisions in warning matters.6. Provide financial assistance to States and J

their political subdivisions in the establishmentof warning systems.State Governments will:

1. Provide, operate, and staff NAWASWarning Points 24 hours daily.2. Establish a warning plan.3. Establish reliable systems for relaying

warning and other emergency information toall their political subdivisions.4. Establish procedures governing State

warning system operation.5. Test the system.

Local Government will:1. Prepare a local warning plan.2. Establish and operate a local warning

point.3. Establish a local public warning system.4. Establish procedures governing operation

of the local warning point and local warningsystem.5. Test the public warning system.6. Take the necessary steps to insure that the J

public understands the local warning plan andwill respond properly to the warning signals.

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Part II

SECTION I-PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONThe North American Air Defense Command

(NORAD) is responsible for the aerospace de-fense of the North American Continent. TheOfficeof Civil Defense (OCD) is responsible forwarning the civilian population of enemy at-tack.The detection system of NORAD and other

sources of information provide the intelligencefrom which NORAD Commanders determinethe probability or imminence of air attack. TheNational Warning Center is located in theNORAD Combat Operations Center, where thisIntelligence is immediately available.There are two alternate Warning Centers in

protected facilities that can assume the func-tions of the National Warning Center, if neces-sary: National TWO Warning Center at Den-ton, Texas; and National THREE WarningCenter near Washington, D.C.The U.S. Army Strategic Communications

Command (USASTRATCOM) is responsiblefor the operation and maintenance of NAWASand the three Warning Centers in support ofthe Office of Civil Defense.

CIVIL DEFENSE WARNINGA. Attack WarningThis is a civilian warning used to notify

civil authorities that an attack on the UnitedStates has been detected. It is based on com-mand decisions within NORAD, and on existingOCD directives. ATTACK WARNING is de-clared by the National Warning Center, and isdisseminated over the National Warning Sys-tem (NAWAS) to all points on the system.This warning will be supplemented as furtherinformation concerning the emergency becomesavailable. The ATTACK WARNING will beterminated by an announcement over NAWAS.B. Warning SignalsThere are two civil defense warning signals

that may be sounded on public outdoor warn-ing devices: the ATTACK WARNING signal

.~ and the ATTENTION or ALERT signal.

1. ATTACK WARNING SIGNALImmediately upon receipt of the attackwarning message, the ATTACK WARN-ING signal will be sounded on public warn-ing devices.The ATTACK WARNING signal is a 3- to5-minute wavering tone on sirens, or aseries of short blasts on horns or otherdevices-repeated as necessary. The AT-TACK WARNING signal shall mean thatan actual attack against this country hasbeen detected, and that protective actionshould be taken immediately.The ATTACK WARNING signal addition-ally may be used at the option of localgovernment to warn of the imminent ap-proach of fallout-since the meaning of thesignal, "protective action should be takenimmediately," is appropriate for both attackand fallout warning.THE ATTACK WARNING SIGNAL WILLBE USED FOR NO OTHER PURPOSE,AND WILL HAVE NO OTHER MEANING.

2. ATTENTION or ALERT SIGNALPublic warning devices may be used to getpublic attention in times of peacetimeemergency by sounding the ATTENTIONor ALERT signal. This signal shall besounded strictly at the option and on theauthority of local government officials, andwill be activated under such circumstances(including natural disasters) as local offi-cials may determine. The ATTENTION orALERT signal is a 3- to 5-minute steadytone on sirens, horns, or other devices. Inaddition to any other meaning or require-ment for action as determined by local gov-ernment officials, the ATTENTION orALERT signal shall mean to all persons inthe United States, ... "Listen for essentialemergency information."Once an actual attack on the United States

has been detected, the National Warning Cen-ter will declare an ATTACK WARNING and

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------ - ------------------------------------disseminate that warning to allWarning Pointsover the National Warning System (NAWAS).These Warning Points then relay the warningvia State Warning Systems to political subdivi-sions, where authorities responsible for civildefense will sound the ATTACK WARNINGsignal on public warning devices. The publicwill then take designated survival actions.Further tactical information, such as thatconcerning nuclear detonations (NUDETS),

and radiological defense (RADEF) data, willbe disseminated over NAWAS as appropriate.In addition to serving as a warning medium, )NAWAS is used during transattack and post- ~attack periods to collect "flash" data such asthat concerning NUDETS, the presence of fall-out, and initial damage. During periods ofnormal readiness, NAWAS may be used for

warnings of impending peacetime disasters,locating downed aircraft, and similar emerg-ency situations.

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SECTION 2-NAWAS EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONSNAWAS is designed so that the eight OCD

Regions have separate area warning circuitslinking them to Warning Points within eachRegion's area of responsibility. However, OCDRegions will man and operate their warningcircuits only during emergency situations andspecial exercises. At all other times, oper-ational functions will be conducted by the threeWarning Centers, as follows: The NationalWarning Center will monitor and operate thewarning circuits of OCD Regions SIX,SEVEN, and EIGHT; National TWO WarningCenter will monitor and operate the warningcircuits of OCD Regions THREE, FOUR, andFIVE; and the National THREE WarningCenter will monitor and operate the warningcircuits of OCD Regions ONE and TWO.In an emergency, all eight area warning cir-

cuits would be tied together into a nationwidewarning circuit so that the National Warning

IIfIII'I'.. Center (or either of the other Warning Cen-(i Iters) could disseminate emergency information.~ to all NAWAS Warning Points simultaneously.

Thereafter, a nationwide warning loop wouldbe separated into the three warning circuits.If the Regional warning circuits are manned,the circuits would be further separated intothe Regional configuration.All communications conducted on NAWAS

are by voice, with signaling devices whererequired. Transmissions over NAWAS areclassified as privileged communications underthe provisions of the Federal CommunicationsAct of 1934, as amended, and the rules andregulations as may be promulgated thereunder.

NAWAS WARNING CIRCUITSA. Area CircuitsWhen the eight area warning circuits of

NAWAS are connected, they form a nation-wide loop-and all stations on the system re-ceive emergency information simultaneously.When separated, the warning circuits may beoperated independently of each other. Thisr=>.

will increase their reliability, and insuregreater continuity of service.OCD Regional areas of responsibility appear

in Supplement 2-A, National Warning Systemchart.B. State CircuitsEach State has been provided with a voice

circuit connecting the State Warning Pointwith the other NAWAS Warning Points in theState. This circuit is connected to the AreaWarning Circuit at the State Warning Point.The State Warning Point exercises supervisionof the circuit within the State. Warning Pointsreceive warnings and other emergency informa-tion directly from the Warning Center orRegion, as well as necessary subsequent instruc-tions from the State Warning Point. This elimi-nates manual relay of warning information.Conversely, Warning Points will pass informa-tion on local conditions to the State WarningPoint for relay to the Warning Center orRegion .

OPERATION OF EQUIPMENTA. Equipment at Warning Points1. All Warning Points are provided with:

a. Hang-up type handset with push-to-talkbutton.

b. Loudspeaker with volume control.c. Audible incoming signal bell.

2. When the handset is removed from the re-ceptacle, the loudspeaker is disconnected auto-matically from the circuit.B. Equipment at State Warning Points1. These locations are provided with the equip-ment similar to that listed above, with the ex-ception that an additional speaker is provided.One of the speakers is connected to the AreaWarning Circuit; the second speaker is con-nected to the State portion of the NAWAScircuit. This insures reception of informationat all times from the Warning Centers, OCDRegions, and Warning Points ..2. State Warning Points are provided with anonlocking, foot-operated switch. When this

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switch is depressed, the following functions areaccomplished:

a. State circuit is disconnected from theArea Warning Circuit.

b..Handset is transferred from Area Warn-ing Circuit to the State circuit. However,the loudspeaker connected to the AreaWarning Circuit remains in operation,so that incoming communications may bereceived from any of the Warning Cen-ters or the Region.

c. Loudspeaker on State Circuit is discon-nected (to prevent feedback).

3. When the footswitch is released, all equip-ment and circuits are restored to normal oper-ation. If the footswitch is in normal positionand you desire to talk on the area circuit, re-move the handset from the receptacle. Thisautomatically disconnects the loudspeaker toprevent feedback. Now depress the push-to-talk button.4. Signaling key is used to ring WarningPoints and NAWAS extensions.5. By use of a special dial code, (SS-l) theWarning Centers have the capability to bypassthe footswitch at the State Warning points.This will permit ringing and voice messages togo through to all Warning Points regardless ofthe position of the footswitch.

WARNING CIRCUIT SIGNALINGA. Warning Points to State Warning PointsVoice paging will be used by Warning Points

to contact the State Warning Point or any otherWarning Point in the State.B. State Warning Point to Warning PointsIf the State Warning Point resires to signa!

other Warning Points within the State, thefootswitch must be operated and the signal keydepressed. This will activate a bell at eachNAWAS Warning Point in the State.C. State Warning Points to Warning Centers or OCDRegions, and other State Warning Points1. Signaling from State Warning Points to aWarning Center, or OCD Region, or to otherState Warning Points on the Area Circuit willbe by voice only. To signal, pick up handset,depress the push-to-talk button (footswitchmust be in the normal position), and state thename of the location desired. Warning Centers6

or OCD Regions and State Warning Pointsmonitor the system continuously, so that in-coming calls will be answered promptly.2. A State Warning Point wishing to communi-cate with another State Warning Point mustrequest permission to do so from the WarningCenter or OCD Region controlling the circuit.NOTE: Procedures and terminology will befound in Supplement 3-A, "Calling Proced-ures."D. Warning Center to All Locations1. A signaling key is provided for the WarningCircuit at each of the Warning Centers. Whenthis key is depressed, signal bells are activatedat all locations connected to NAWAS. Signalbells will precede all announcements.2. If the footswitch is depressed at any StateWarning Point, signaling from the WarningCenter WILL NOT be received at WarningPoints within the State until the WarningCenter activates the bypass by use of SS-ldialing. This action will light a signal lamp atthe State Warning Point.3. THE FOOTSWITCH WILL NOT BE TIEDDOWN.

VOICE COMMUNICATIONS-N AWASA. The circuits from Warning Centers and

OCD Regions to State Warning Points is of the"partyline" type; that is, State Warning Pointscan hear and talk to each other, as well as tothe Warning Centers and OCD Regions. Inother words, any location connected to the cir-cuit can hear all conversations conducted on thecircuit. As long as the footswitch at the StateWarning Point is not depressed, the WarningPoints also can hear all transmissions withoutthe necessity of a relay.

B. Supervision of the circuit within the Stateis exercised by the State Warning Point; withthe exception that ATTACK WARNINGS andcertain other emergency announcements issuedby a Warning Center will go through the StateWarning Points, thus eliminating manual relayof this information.C. That portion of NAWAS within a State

is also of the "partyline" type; that is, WarningPoints within the State can hear and talk toeach other as well as to the State WarningPoint.

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..~REPORTING OF TROUBLE

A. All stations are required to report im-mediately to the test room of the serving tele-phone company whenever any circuit difficul-ties or equipment malfunctioning are encoun-tered. Test-room telephone numbers are postedon each telephone.

B. In reporting trouble occurring onNAWAS, specify GP circuit designation listedon the telephone.C. Reports on interruptions to service and/

or equipment malfunction will be made as fol-lows:

Reporting Location Reports to:Warning Point Local telephone company serving test room. Telephone

company will advise State Warning Point.State Warning Point Local telephone company serving test room. Telephonecompany will advise Area System test room whichwill forward the information to the appropriateWarning Center.

D. Reports of restoration of service will be made as follows:Reporting Location Reports to:Warning Point State Warning Point over NAWAS.State Warning Point Warning Points and appropriate Warning Center overNAWAS.

CIRCUIT ROUTING-NAWASA. The circuits which comprise NAWAS are

routed where possible, over express and bypassroutes of the American Telephone and Tele-graph Co. (AT&T) to avoid target areas. Asnew express and bypass routes are constructed,AT&T will reroute NAWAS over them. Thisprovides reasonable assurance of continuityand reliability of communications.B. The chart attached as Supplement 2-A isnot to be interpreted as showing the actual

routing of NAWAS. It merely illustrates thesystem from an operational viewpoint.MOVEMENT OF NAWAS EQUIPMENTA. NAWAS EQUIPMENT WILL NOT BE

MOVED WITHOUT PRIOR AUTHOR-ITY.(This includes NAWAS extension equip-ment).

B. Should it become necessary to moveNAWAS equipment within the Warning Pointor to another building, the Warning PointSupervisor will give the following information

through channels to the OCD Region con-cerned:1. Reason for the move.2. Specific item(s) to be moved, if the entire

installation is not to be moved.3. Present location of the equipment and the

proposed location. (Give street addressand room number or other specific identi-fying information.)4. Narne of the person to contact and his tele-phone number.5. Date for movement of the equipment.6. Office to be billed by the telephone companyfor the cost of the move. (This applies onlyto NAWAS extensions.)7. Estimated installation and recurring costs.(This applies only to NAWAS extensions.)

C. Upon receipt of this information, theOCD Region will request USASTRATCOM-CONUS to make the necessary arrangements.D. Six weeks should be allowed for a routine

move of equipment.E. For an emergency move, the same infor-

mation is required. The request may be tele-phoned through channels to the Region.

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GENERALSECTION 3-ROUTINE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

A. These operating procedures are for theguidance of personnel operating the WarningPoints and other locations where NAWASequipment is installed.B. Each Warning Center controls the oper-

ations of designated Area Circuits. These Cen-ters also assist the National Warning Centerin controlling operations when all Area Cir-cuits are tied together.

WARNING POINT LOG

,, -

A. Each Warning point should maintain anaccurate and complete record of daily eventspertaining to NAWAS. Entries should include,but not be limited to, the following:1. Date and time each call was received.

~\ 2. Type of call and resume of message.'~3. Initials of person receiving call and initials

of person acknowledging receipt of messagewhen relayed.

4. Equipment and/or circuit malfunctions.5. Time of reporting malfunction to telephone

company.6. Time malfunction was cleared.B. OCD Regional representatives will check

the entries in this log during each visit to theWarning Point.

THE WARNING CIRCUIT

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A. All transmissions will be by voice and willbe heard at all locations connected to the cir-cuit. To insure the immediate availability ofNAWAS for emergency operations, strict con-trol of the circuit is necessary.B. Warning Centers and State Warning

Points will continuously monitor the circuitand, when necessary, take immediate action tostop unauthorized use of the circuit.C. The circuit will be used only for author-.~ ized purposes. These include emergency calls,

tests, and exercises; and necessary reportingand/or checking of circuit and equipment.D. Calling and answering procedures and

terminology will be as prescribed in Supple-ment 3-A.TESTS

A. Tests of NAWAS will be conducted threetimes daily at times prescribed by the U.S.Army Strategic Communications Command(USASTRATCOM). Tests may originate fromany Warning Center. All Warning Points andNAWAS extensions will receive the initial ringand hear the inter-Warning Center announce-ments. State Warning Points will acknowl-edge when specifically requested to do so by theWarning Centers. Other Warning Points willacknowledge when specifically requested by theState Warning Points.B. Biweekly tests are conducted from the

alternate State Warning Points to test allWarning points on the State circuit, includingNAWAS extensions. Procedures will be pre-scribed by OCD Regional Headquarters.C. Procedures and terminology for testing

will be found in Supplement 3-B.EXERCISES

A. To differentiate an exercise from anemergency, the following code words will beused for disseminating warning information inall exercises involving the Civil Defense Warn-ing System:CHECKERBOARD ----_Simulated ATTACK

WARNINGFADEOUT -------- .End of ExerciseB. When simulated warnings and warning

information are disseminated during an exer-cise, all messages will be preceded by and endedwith the word EXERCISE and the NAME ofthe Exercise. Code words will be used whereapplicable.

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C. OCD Regions or Warning Centers will ad-vise their Warning Points of the fact that anexercise will take place. Depending on the typeof exercise, the announcement may, or may not,give the date and time of the exercise. Acknowl-edgment of the message will be requested.D. The State Warning Point, by depressing

the footswitch to disconnect that portion ofNAWAS within a State from the Area Circuit,may trigger a statewide civil defense exerciseat the request of authorized State civil defenseofficials.E, Procedures and terminology for exercises

will be found in Supplement 3-C.TIME REFERENCES

A. All times used in transmissions from theWarning Centers will be in 24-hour "Z" time.This is Greenwich Mean Time, which may bederived from the time zones in the UnitedStates as follows:"Z" Time is:

Eastern Standard Time plus 5 hours

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Central Standard Time plus 6 hoursMountain Standard Time plus 7 hoursPacific Standard Time plus 8 hoursJ

B. The 24-hour clock readings begin at mid-night and continue through the 24-hour period,and are always expressed in four figures. Forexample, 3 :15 a.m. would be expressed as 0315;3 :15 p.m. would be expressed as 1515.C. A table to aid in time conversion is at-

tached as Supplement 3-D. Some offices maydesire to cut up the "Z" time chart, Supplement3-D-l, and post only that time conversion fac-tor applicable to their zone.

PHONETIC ALPHABETThe phonetic alphabet used for transmissions

over NAWAS by the OCD Regions and Warn-ing Centers is given in Supplement 3-E.

MESSAGE PRECEDENCESupplement 3-F establishes the rules for as-

signment of NAWAS message precedence.

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Supplement 3-A-Calling Procedures

.

The following calling procedures will be usedunder the conditions indicated:A. A Warning Center or Region calling one

or more locations will:1.Ring in the usual manner or page byvoice.

2. Announce: (Warning Center or OCDRegion) "CALLING (locationfs) ). ALLOTHERS DISREGARD."a. The location(s) will acknowledge with,"(name of location)."3. Terminate transmission by saying,

"(Warning Center or Region) OUT AT(time) ZULU."

B. State Warning Point calling a WarningCenter or OCD Region will:1. Listen to determine that the system isnot in use.

2. Pick up handset, press "talk" button(foots witch must be in normal posi-tion) , and say, "(State) CALLING(Warning Center or Region);" e.g.,"OREGON CALLING NATIONALWARNING CENTER."a. The Warning Center or OCD Regionbeing called will answer, "(WarningCenter or Region). GO AHEAD(location) ."

b. State Warning Point will give mes-sage.

c. The Warning Center or Region willacknowledge the message by saying"(name)."

3. Terminate transmission by saying,"(name of State) OUT AT (time)ZULU."

C. State Warning Point calling one of itsWarning Points will:1.Depress the footswitch, lift the hand-set, push the "talk" button, and say,"STATE WARNING POINT CALL-

."l ING (name of Warning Point). ALL~ OTHERS DISREGARD."

a. The Warning Point being called willanswer, "(name of city)."

b. State Warning Point will give mes-sage.

c. The Warning Point will acknowledgethe message by saying, "(name ofcity) ."


3. Restore footswitch to normal position.D. State Warning Point calling a group of itsWarning Points will:1.Depress the footswitch, lift the hand-set, depress the signal key, push the"talk" button, and say, "THE FOL-LOWING IS FOR (names of WarningPoints) ONLY. REPEAT. THE FOL-LOWING IS FOR (names of WarningPoints ONLY. ALL OTHERS DIS-REGARD."

2. Give the message and say, "STANDBY TO ACKNOWLEDGE."

3. Then call the roll of Warning Pointsinvolved. As each Warning Point iscalled, it will acknowledge by saying,"(name of city)."


5. Restore footswitch to normal position.E. Warning Point calling its State WarningPoint will:

1.Listen to determine if the State por-tion of NAWAS is clear.

2. Voice-page the State Warning Point byname.a. The operator of the State WarningPoint will depress the footswitch andanswer with, "STATE WARNINGPOINT."

3. Then say, "THIS IS (name of city) ,"and proceed with transmission.

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-------------------.-------------------=~~a. The State Warning Point willacknowledge the message.

4. Terminate transmission by"(name of city) OUT ATZULU."a. The operator at the State WarningPoint will restore the footswitch to

saying,(time)

normal position.F. Warning Point calling another Warning

Point within the same State will:1. Listen to determine that the State por-tion of NAWAS is clear, then requestpermission of State Warning Point touse the circuit.

2. Voice-page the desired Warning Pointby name.

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a. The called Warning Point willanswer by saying, "(name of Warn-ing Point)." ~

3. Then say, "THIS IS (name of WarningPoint)," and proceed with message. ra. The called Warning Point willacknowledge the message by saying,"(name of Warning Point)."

4. End the transmission by saying,"(name of Warning Point) OUT AT(time) ZULU."

NOTE: There are certain Federal locationson the area warning circuits. These locationswill use the same calling procedures for con-tacting a Warning Center or OCD Region as theState Warning Point.

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Ii Supplement 3-B-Test ProceduresIA. Tests of NAWAS will be conducted three

times daily at times prescribed by the U.S.Army Strategic Communications Command(USASTRATCOM).B. The procedures for testing are:

1.The Warning Center initiating the testwill ring for five (5) seconds and an-nounce, "TEST. CIVIL DEFENSENETWORK TEST. REPEAT. TEST.CIVIL DEFENSE NETWORK TEST.CENTERS ACKNOWLEDGE." (Cen-ters will acknowledge.)

2. The Area Warning Circuits will then bedisconnected and each Warning Centerwill say, "THIS IS (Warning Center).TEST. CIVIL DEFENSE NETWORKTEST. STAND BY FOR ROLLCALL."

3. A roll call of the stations will be made.Each will acknowledge by saying,"(name of station). TEST." For ex-ample, "OHIO. TEST."

4. Any station not acknowledging will becalled again at the end of the roll callby the Warning Center, saying, "(sta-tion), ACKNOWLEDGE TEST."

5. After roll call is completed, the Warn-ing Center will sign off with, "END OFTEST. (Warning Center) OUT (date),(time), ZULU." The Center will notifythe telephone company (Telco) of thefailure of any State Warning Point toacknowledge a roll call.

6. The State Warning Point will call theroll of its Warning Points to insurereceipt of the test. The following pro-cedure will be used:a. Depress the footswitch to disconnectthat portion of NAWAS within aState from the Area Warning Circuit.(NOTE: Whenever this switch is de-pressed, Warning Points cannot hearcalls from the Warning Center, norcan the Warning Center hear theState Warning Point, unless theWarning Center has activated thespecial dial code.)

b. Pick up handset, depress ringing keyfor five (5) seconds, then press"talk" button and state, "THIS ISTHE (name) STATE WARNINGPOINT. STAND BYTOACKNOWL-EDGE TEST."

c. Each Warning Point will acknowl-edge the roll call by answering withits name, followed by the word"TEST." For example, "PORT-LAND. TEST."

d. If any Warning Point fails to an-swer, it will be called again beforeproceeding with the roll. At the endof the roll call, Warning Points thathave not acknowledged will be calledagain.

e. The State Warning Point will notifythe serving test room of any failureof a Warning Point to acknowledge.

13


17/37

---~-_- -~----~---..._.----....-.. . . . . . . .~~~IIJI~~'Supplement 3-C-Exercise Procedures

A. An exercise may be initiated nationwideby the National Warning Center, or region-wide, by any of the OCD Regions. No exerciseUsing any part of NAWAS will be conductedwithout prior approval by the National Warn-ing Center.

B. In a national exercise initiated by the Na-tional Warning Center, the following termin-ology and procedures will be used:1. Ring for five (5) seconds.2. Announce: "ATTENTION ALL STA-TIONS. THIS IS THE NATIONALWARNING CENTER. EXERCISE(name). THIS IS A CHECKER-

BOARD. REPEAT. THIS IS ACHECKERBOARD. EXERCISE(name). TIME IS _ZULU, (date) WARN-ING CENTERS AND REGIONSACKNOWLEDGE."

3. Area Warning Circuits are then discon-nected from the National Warning Cir-cuit. Each Region or Warning Centerthen says, "THIS IS (Region or Warn-ing Center). EXERCISE (name).THIS IS A CHECKERBOARD.STAND BY FOR ROLL CALL."4. Each station will acknowledge with" (State or Office). EXERCISE(name). CHECKERBOARD."5. The CHECKERBOARD and messageexplaining why it has been declared

will be further disseminated byN AWAS Warning Points in accord-ance with State and local civil defenseprocedures.6. To terminate the CHECKERBOARD,the National Warning Center will:

a. Ring for five (5) seconds.b. Announce, "ATTENTION ALL STA-TIONS. THIS IS THE NATIONALWARNING CENTER.. EXERCISE(name). CHECKERBOARD ISTERMINATED. REPEAT. CHECK-

14

ERBOARD IS TERMINATED. RE-GIONS AND WARNING CENTERSACKNOWLEDGE." '(Regions andWarning Centers acknowledge with,"C H E C K E R BOA R D T E RM 1-NATED".)

7. After the Area Warning Circuits aredisconnected from the national circuit,each OCD Region says, "THIS ISREGION EXERCISE (name).CHECKERBOARD IS TERMINATED.EXERCISE (name). STAND BY FORROLL CALL."8. Each station will acknowledge with,"(State or Office). CHECKERBOARD

TERMINATED."9. After roll call, each OCD Region signsoff with, "(Region) OUT, (date),(time) ZULU."10. The termination will be further dis-seminated by Warning Points accord-ing to State and local instructions. ~i11. To terminate an exercise, the codeword "FADEOUT" will be used. Pro- -

cedures will be the same as those usedto terminate CHECKERBOARD.C. In exercises initiated by other Warning

Centers or by OCD Regions, the followingterminology and procedures will be used:1. Ring for five (5) seconds.2. Announce, "ATTENTION ALL STA-TIONS. THIS IS (Region or WarningCenter) EXERCISE (name). THIS ISA CHECKERBOARD. REPEAT.THIS IS A CHECKERBOARD.EXERCISE (name). TIME is ______ ZULU (date)

STAND BY FOR ROLL CALL."3. Each station will acknowledge with,

"(Sta te or Office.) EXERCISE(name). CHECKERBOARD."

4. The CHECKERBOARD will be furtherdisseminated by N AWAS WarningPoints in accordance with State and

,

~


18/37

local civil defense instructions and pro-cedures.5. To terminate the CHECKERBOARD,the Region or Warning Center will:

a. Ring for five (5) seconds.b. Announce, "ATTENTION ALL STA-TIONS. THIS IS (Region or WarningCenter) EXERCISE (name). CHECK-ERBOARD IS TERMINATED. RE-PEAT. CHECKERBOARD IS TER-MINATED. STAND BY FOR ROLLCALL."

6. Each station will acknowledge with,

; r . t:~.

"(State or Office). CHECKERBOARDIS TERMINATED."7. After roll call, each Region or WarningCenter signs off with, "(Region orWarning Center) OUT. (date), (time),ZULU."8. The termination will be further dis-seminated by Warning Points accord-ing to State and local instructions andprocedures.9. To terminate an exercise, the codeword "FADEOUT" will be used. Pro-cedures will be the same as those util-ized to terminate CHECKERBOARD.

15

- --- . ---------------------------------


19/37

SUPPLEMENT 3 -D.~.

1 \'

TIME-CONVERSION TABLE IIGreenwich T i m e (Z) EtUlem Standard Central Standard Mountain Standard Pacific Btondtt . rl I

2400 l 1900 1800 1700 1600 IIMidnight 7:00 pm 6:00 pm 5:00 pm 4:00 pm I0100 2000 1900 1800 1700 I I:00 pm 7:00 pm 6:00 pm 5:00 pm0200 2100 2000 1900 1800 I I:00 pm 8:00 pm 7:00 pm 6:00 pm0300 2200 2100 2000 190010:00 pm 9:00 pm 8:00 pm 7:00 pm0400 2300 2200 2100 200011:00 pm 10:00 pm 19:00pm 8:00 pm0500 2400 2300 2200 2100Midnight 11:00 prn . 10:00 pm 9:00 pm0600 0100 2400 2300 2200

1:00 am Midnight 11:00 pm 10:00 pm0700 0200 0100 2400 23002:00 am 1:00 am Midnight 11:00 pm0800 0300 0200 0100 24003:00 am 2:00 am 1:00 am Midnight0900 0400 0300 0200 01004:00 am 3:00 am 2:00 am 1:00 am1000 0500 0400 0300 0200 ; .5:00 am 4:00 am 3:00 am 2:00 am ~1100 0600 0500 0400 03006:00 am 5:00 am 4:00 am 3:00 am .\1200 0700 0600 0500 0400 -" \7:00 am 6:00 am 5:00 am 4:00 am .-1.II1300 0800 0700 0600 0500 I:00 am 7:00 am 6:00 am 5:00 am1400 0900 0800 0700 06009:00 am 8:00 am 7:00 am 6:00 am1500 1000 0900 0800 070010:00 am 9:00 am 8:00 am 7:00 am1600 1100 1000 0900 080011:00 am 10:00 am 9:00 am 8:00 am1700 1200 1100 1000 0900Noon 11:00 am 10:00 am 9:00 am1800 1300 1200 1100 10001:00 pm Noon 11:00 am 10:00 am1900 1400 1300 1200 11002:00 pm 1:00 pm N.oon 11:00 am2000 1500 1400 1300 1200 I i:00 pm 2:00 pm 1:00pm Noon2100 1600 1500 1400 1300 I !4:00 pm 3:00 pm 2:00 pm 1:00 pm2200 1700 1600 1500 1400.5:00 pm 4:00 pm 3:00 pm 2:00 pm2300 1800 1700 1600 15006:00 pm 5:00 pm 4:00 pm 3:00 pm

~/

16 ~


20/37

- - - - _ - _ - - - - _ - - - - - ~ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - _ - - - - - . - - ~ - - -

SUP P L EMENT 3 -0 -1

17


21/37

.~.~~~:~~:~~:,:"Q:~~~:.~~~"~iII~~~::;;:~;~EjIj;fill]ffiiiif1.5I;;U~:::u~;;T..--- -,=.-=-.--=~;;.:~ .- ..~- .. -. --.--~~,_., -.--.~---",---,,,,,.-.-.-.-.--.--.

Supplement 3-E-Phonetic AlphabetThe following alphabet will be used to clarify spelling and in passing emergencyinformation:

A ALFAB BRAVOC CHARLIED DELTAE ECHOF FOXTROTG GOLFH HOTEL1 INDIAJ JULIETK KILOL LIMAM MIKE

N NOVEMBERo OSCARP PAPAQ QUEBECR ROMEOS SIERRAT TANGOU UNIFORMV VICTORW WHISKEYX X-RAYY YANKEEZ ZULU

o ZEE-ROW1 WUN2 TOO3 THU-REE4 FO-WER5 FI-YIV6 SIX7 SEV-VEN8 AIT9 NI-NER

NOTE: It is not necessary to write the entire word of the phonetic alphabet whenreceiving information. Write only the first letter. For example, O-OSCAR, C-CHARLIE, D-DELTA, would be copied OCD.

18

, ~ , I I lH!H:!illI#tillUillJl~'IJ~~ 1 _ ,C


22/37

~ Supplement 3-F-Message Precedence

_ / .\..,

Assignment of message precedence over theNAWAS system will be in accordance with thefollowing:

TYPE OF MESSAGEA. Emergency MessagesReports of enemy attacks and messages con-

cerning an emergency situation which gravelyaffects the Nation's security, or a disaster ofmajor proportions which demands immediatetransmission to the addressee. These messagesshould be brief.Examples:1. Information on actions leading to enemyattack requiring immediate action.

2. ATTACK WARNINGS.3. Reports of actual attack.4. Proclamations of civil defense emergency.5. Peacetime disaster of extreme seriousnessand widespread damage .

B. Operational Priority MessagesMessages of an urgent operational nature,

amplification of initial reports, or urgent mes-sages concerning operations and messageswhere a delay in delivery would adversely affectcurrent operation.Examples:1. Initial damage reports.2. Amplification of attack or damage reports.

C. Priority MessagesFor all types of messages which are not ofsufficient urgency to justify a higher prece-

dence but must be transmitted to the addresseewith least possible delay.Examples:1.Assistance requests.2. Warning Center emergency information.

D. Routine MessagesMessages which may be delayed.

19


23/37

r

I U ll i! m " ~ ! H I, u, ; .. o. . -- ' , ,,,,,.TlJlI!l+l.,,,,,,,",. C , ;. 1,_ . c '~. _ ,\ _ ' , ~ '" II _ ""

-- ._-.- - ..---- ..------.---~~-


24/37

___ . ._.__ ~_~ ~. . __ .~ . . _. . . . .__,. .~T _~

SECTION 4-EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PROCEDURESGENERAL

Warning Points are responsible for receivingwarning and other emergency information dis-seminated by the Warning Centers or Regionsand for relaying it throughout their assignedarea of responsibility in accordance withState or local plans. To accomplish this missionin an efficient manner, Warning Point person-nel must be thoroughly familiar with theiremergency operating procedures.DECLARATION AND DISSEMINATION

OF THE ATTACK WARNINGA. Based on existing OCD directives and in-

telligence available to him, the Attack WarningOfficer on duty at the National Warning Centerwill declare the ATTACK WARNING. He willimmediately disseminate it over NAWAS.B. In the event of subsequent attacks, the

above procedures will apply. However, avail-ability of remaining communications will dic-tate how subsequent ATTACK WARNINGSwill be disseminated to the Warning Points.C.Procedures for the dissemination of theATTACK WARNING and supplemental infor-

mation will be found in Supplement 4-A.r

SPECIAL EMERGENCYANNOUNCEMENTS

A. Emergency Broadcast System (EBS).-When the Emergency Broadcast System isactivated, an announcement will be made overNAWAS by the Warning Centers to all Warn-ing Points. This announcement should berelayed immediately by all Warning Pointsthroughout their portion of the Civil DefenseWarning System according to the State andlocal civil defense plans.B. Procedures and terminology for the

Emergency Broadcast System activation an-nouncement are in Supplement 4-B.

ALTERN ATE PROCEDURES. ,~, Communications difficulties may occur dur-

ing the dissemination of warning and/or otheremergency information. Should this occur, theWarning Centers or OCD Regions will useother available methods to relay the informa-tion to the Warning Points. The alternate pro-cedures to be used by the Warning Centers orOCD Regions are in Supplement 4-C.TERMINATION OF ATTACK WARNING

AND EMERGENCY BROADCASTSYSTEM OPERATION

The procedures for terminating the AT-TACK WARNING and/or the EMERGENCYBROADCAST SYSTEM OPERATION aregiven in Supplement 4-D.SPECIAL EMERGENCY INFORMATIONThe Civil Defense Warning System may be

used for the relay of special emergency infer-mation or announcements. All messages mustbe short but give all essentials. In most instances, this usage would involve only the Stateand local portions of the System.A. PEACETIME DISASTERInformation of a potential disaster or infor-

mation about a disaster may be given over theCivil Defense Warning System. This infor-mation may originate either above or belowWarning Point. In either case the WarningPoint would relay the information according testablished procedures. Examples of this typeof disaster are floods, fires, tidal waves, andearthquakes. Supplement 4-E gives the type oinformation which should be in disaster messages.B. SEVERE WEATHER1. The preparation and issuance of severe

weather forecasts and severe weather warningsare responsibilities of the U.S. WeatherBureau. These warnings are issued for torna-does, severe storms, damaging winds, flasfloods, and hurricanes .

2


25/37

. .2. Detailed plans must be established speci-

fying sources of forecasts and warning, pointsto be advised, and procedures to be followed ateach point in the Warning System. Severeweather forecasts and/or warnings relayedover the Civil Defense Warning System willalso be transmitted through other facilities.The use of the Warning System is merely aservice to the Weather Bureau in further dis-seminating official Weather Bureau bulletinsand/or warnings. One Weather Bureau stationin each State will be designated to coordinateWeather Bureau activities with the StateWarning Point.3. Any forecast and/or warning for a given

area will be limited to the wording of the origi-nating Weather Bureau Officeand will be iden-tified as a Weather Bureau Forecast or aWeather Bureau Warning. No evaluation orinterpretation of the message will be made.This will insure coordination and eliminate thepossibility of conflicting warnings.4. Procedures and terminology for relay of

severe weather forecasts and/or warnings aregiven in Supplement 4"':'F.C. SEISMIC SEA WAVES (TSUNAMI)The Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) in San

Francisco receives TSUNAMI Advisory Bulle-tins and warnings from the Honolulu Observa-tory and will pass them over NAWAS to theStates of Alaska, California, Oregon, andWashington according to established proced-ures.D. DOWNED AIRCRAFT

1. Occasionally the Warning Centers areasked by the U.S. Air Force to relay questionsabout missing military aircraft to a specificarea. By use of NAWAS, the message is givento the Warning Point in the specified area.This Warning Point is asked to further relaythe message to its destination without cost toOCD.2. Information received by a Warning Point

concerning an aircraft accident, a downed air-craft, or an aircraft in flight that is obviouslyin distress, will immediately be relayed overNAWAS to a Warning Center. The Center willhandle the report as prescribed in special in-structions.22

3. This usage of NAWAS supplements exist-inginstructions or agreements of any otheragency pertaining to this subject.4. Procedures and terminology for relay of

this information are given in Supplement 4-G.REPORTING TRANSATTACK ANDPOSTATTACK INFORMATION

Warning Points will report transattack andpostattack information to their OCD Regionsin the form of NUDET and/or other types ofFLASH reports. Supplement 4-H gives theform and type of information required in thesereports.Other systems, such as teletype or facsimile

communications systems, will be used to trans-mit mass data required for more precise loca-tion of ground zero, and for detailed falloutpattern plotting and/or analysis of the falloutthreat.A. NUCLEAR DETONATION INFORMATIONIf an enemy should attack with nuclear

weapons, prompt reports of the locations of thedetonations would be urgently needed. Fromthese reports and Weather Bureau fallout windvector data, fallout area forecast plots couldbe developed to prepare warning for issuanceto areas expected to be subjected to fallouteffects.Certain of these reports on nuclear detona-

tions may be transmitted over NAWAS. Theseinclude:1. "Flash" NUDET reports, which are one-time initial reports from the local level (civil

and military) forwarded with all possible speedto higher headquarters. These reports willindicate only the area hit and the time ofdetonation, unless more specific information isimmediately available.2. "Flash" NUDET reports from civilian

sources received by Warning Points are to beforwarded to the State Warning Point forrelay to the OCD Regions.

, .r

B. "FLASH" RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATIONWhen fallout radiation intensity reaches or

exceeds 0.5 roentgens per hour (R/hr), themonitoring stations transmit a flash report tothe seat of local government. The flash reportincludes the following:


26/37

~fr

1. Time (GMT) when dose rate reached orexceeded 0.5 R/hr.

2. Code designation of monitoring station.3. The word "Fallout."Local or county government is required tosubmit flash reports and subsequent dose rate

reports to the State Emergency OperatingCenter in accordance with standardized proced-ures and schedules. The local or county civildefense director may wish to use the State por-tion of NAWAS for the rapid relay of "flashreports" or high priority "dose-rate" reports tothe State civil defense office. The channel forthese messages would be from the local civildefense director to the nearest NAWAS Warn-ing Point, then to the State Warning Pointfor relay to the State Emergency OperatingCenter. Similarly, the State civil defense direc-tor may wish to use NAWAS for forwardingsummaries of "flash reports" and other highpriority radiological defense information to theOCD Regional Office. The channel for thesemessages would be from the State civil defensedirector to the State Warning Point, then tothe OCD Regional Office.At the State's discretion, the State and Fed-

eral portions of the NAWAS system may beused for relaying high-priority radiologicalinformation from the local civil defense direc-tor to the State civil defense director, and fromthe State civil defense director to the OCDRegional Director. Inasmuch as NAWAS is avoice circuit, its use for relay of radiological

reports should be limited to "flash" and selective "dose-rate" reports of high priority.NAWAS should not be used for relay of voluminous radiological reports or tabular data.C. FALLOUT WARNING MESSAGESThe State Emergency Operating Center iresponsible for the preparation and issuanceof fallout warnings and advisories to the lesdensely populated areas of the State where suchwarning and advisory service is not providedby local or county government. The State cividefense director may wish to use the State portion of NAWAS for the transmission of hiRADEF messages to the less densely populatedareas. The channel for these messages would bfrom the State civil defense director to the StateWarning Point, and then to the NAWAS Warn-ing Point. Relay would then be to designatedradio stations or other media of disseminationpreviously arranged by the State civil defensedirector to get the warning to people who couldbe affected. At the State's discretion, the Stateportion of NAWAS may be used for the relayof this information from the State civil defensedirector to the point of final dissemination tothe general public.During an emergency, OCD Regions will pass

on NAWAS information concerning overwa tefallout to certain Coast Guard installations.Messages in this connection will be prefacedby the statement, "This message is for (nameof Coast Guard installation) only. All othersdisregard. "

2

-.-----------.---------------====-~-==-=


27/37

Supplement 4-A-Procedures for Dissemination of AttackWarningA. In general, these procedures are similar

to the EXERCISE procedures outlined in Sup-plement 3-C.B. After declaring an ATTACK WARNING,

the National Warning Center connects the cir-cuit nationwide, activates equipment to bypassall State footswitches, and disseminates thewarning immediately, using the following pro-cedures and terminology:

1. Rings for five (5) seconds.2. Announces, "ATTENTION ALL STA-

TIONS. EMERGENCY. THIS IS AN ATTACKWARNING. REPEAT. THIS IS AN ATTACKWARNING. TIME IS~ULU (date) WARNING CEN-TERS AND REGIONS ACKNOWLEDGE."3. After the Warning Centers and Regions

acknowledge, the Area Warning Circuits aredisconnected from the National Warning Cir-cuit. Each Region then says: "THIS IS(Region). THIS IS AN ATTACK WARNING.STAND BY FOR ROLL CALL."4. Each station will acknowledge with

"(State). ATTACK WARNING."5. Should any station request a "repeat" dur-

ing the roll call, the Region will repeat themessage. The terminology for making thisrequest is, "(name of State). SAY AGAINYOUR MESSAGE."6. The Region will again call at the end of

the roll call any station which did not answer.7. Any station not answering the roll call

will be called by long-distance (LD) telephone,using the procedures and terminology specifiedin Supplement 4-C.8. Each Region will sign off with "(Region)

OUT. (date), (time), ZULU."NOTE: In the event that OCD Regions are

not manned for emergency operations at thetime the ATTACK WARNING is disseminated,the Warning Centers will assume the roll callfunction.

24

C. As soon as a State Warning Point hasreceived the ATTACK WARNING, the oper-ator will immediately call the roll of WarningPoints within the State, using the followingprocedures:

1. Depress footswitch to disconnect the StateWarning Circuit from the Area Warning Cir-cuit.2. Pick up handset, depress ringing key for

five (5) seconds, press "talk" button and say,"THIS IS THE (name) STATE WARNINGPOINT. STAND BY TO ACKNOWLEDGEATTACK WARNING."3. Each Warning Point will acknowledge the

roll call by answering with its name, followedby, "ATTACK WARNING." For example,"PORTLAND. ATTACK WARNING."4. Any Warning Point not answering roll

call will be contacted by telephone or radioimmediately after roll call, repeating the warn-ing message and taking the acknowledgment.5. Any circuit trouble will be reported to the

serving telephone company test room, givingthe circuit number posted on the NAWAS tele-phone.D. When disseminating subsequent emerg-

ency information, each OCD Region will:1. Ring for five (5) seconds.2. Announce, "THIS IS (Region). PRE-

PARE TO COpy EMERGENCY INFORMA-TION." After the message has been trans-mitted, the Region will say, "THIS IS (Region)OUT AT (time) ZULU." No acknowledgmentwill be requested.E. The ATTACK WARNING and other

emergency information will be further dissemi-nated by Warning Points in accordance withState and local plans.F. Subsequent attacks will be announcedusing the same procedures as in the initial

attack.

h I/


28/37

Supplement 4-B-Procedures and Terminology for Special AnnouncementsEMERGENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM

(EBS)A. When the Emergency Broadcast System

is activated, the following procedures will beused:1.National Warning Center will:a. Ring for five (5) seconds.b. Announce, "ATTENTION ALLSTATIONS. THE EMERGENCYBROADCAST SYSTEM HAS BEENACTIVATED. REPEAT. THE EMER-GENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM HASBEEN ACTIVATED. WARNING CEN-TERS AND REGIONS ACKNOWL-EDGE."

2. After the Warning Centers and OCDRegions acknowledge, the Area Warning Cir-cuits are disconnected from the National Warn-ing Circuit. Each Warning Center or OCDRegion then says, "THIS IS (Warning Cen-ter or Region). THE EMERGENCY BROAD-CAST SYSTEM HAS BEEN ACTIVATED.STAND BY FOR ROLL CALL."3. Each station will acknowledge with,"(State or Office). EMERGENCY BROAD-

CAST SYSTEM ACTIVATED."4. Should any station request a "repeat" dur-

ing the roll call, the Warning Center (or

Region) will repeat the message. The termi-nology requesting a "repeat" is, "(name oState). SAY AGAIN YOUR MESSAGE."5. The Warning Center (or Region) wil

again call at the end of the roll call any stationwhich did not answer.6. Any station not answering the roll cal

will be called by LD telephone, using the pro-cedures and terminology specified in Supple-ment 4-C.7. Each Region or Warning Center will sign

off with, "THIS IS (Region or Warning Center) OUT, (date), (time) ZULU."8. As soon as the State Warning Point has

received the EMERGENCY BROADCASTSYSTEM announcement, the operator will im-mediately call the roll of the Warning Pointswithin the State. He will use the same proced-ures and terminology specified in Supplement4-A, paragraph C, but will substitute the term"EMERGENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM AN-NOUNCEMENT" in place of "ATTACKWARNING,"

B. When an ATTACK WARNING is de-clared at the same time that the EMERGENCYBROADCAST SYSTEM is activated, the AT-TACK WARNING message will be expandedto include that information.

25


29/37

Supplement 4-C-Procedures for Use of Alternate Means of CommunicationsA. During an emergency, if a station does not acknowledge on NAWAS, the OCD

Region or Warning Center will immediately place a long-distance (LD) telephone callto that station, using the backup telephone number. The already-established prece-dence system which follows will be used:

Precedence IndicationPriority 1 Emergency 1. Immediate danger due to presence of

the enemy, including ATTACKWARNING.

2. Proclamations of CivilDefenseEmergency.1. Initial report of damage due to enemyaction.2. Civil defense activities immediatelysubsequent to enemy attack.

1. Civil defense or the public health andsafety.C. Warning Points should also make use ofthe information in paragraphs A and B, above,

to get emergency information to the OCDRegion or Warning Center, and to acknowledgethe message.D. Terminology of a message will be thesame, whether or not received over NAWAS orby some other means of communication.

{ r'

Priority 2 Emergency

Priority 3 EmergencyB. Shouldboth NAWAS and LDbackup fail,the Region or Warning Center will use every

available means of communication in attempt-ing to get the emergency message to its desti-nation. For example: Request a State Warn-ing Point to relay the message to adjacentStates via State Police or other communicationnets.

26


30/37

,(i~--Supplement 4-D-Procedures and Terminology for Terminatingthe AttackWarning and/ or Emergency Broadcast SystemOperations

A. When attack is no longer probable, theATTACK WARNING will be terminated byuse of the following procedures:

1. The National Warning Center will:a. Ring for five (5) seconds.b. Announce, "ATTENTION ALL STA-TIONS. THE ATTACK WARNING ISTERMINATED. REPEAT. THE AT-TACK WARNING IS TERMINATED.WARNING CENTERS AND REGIONSACKNOWLEDGE."

2. After the Warning Centers and Regionsacknowledge, the Area Warning Circuits aredisconnected from the National Warning Cir-cuit. Each Region then says, "THIS IS(Region). THE ATTACK WARNING ISTERMINATED. STAND BY FOR ROLLCALL."3. Each Station will acknowledge with,

"(State or Office). ATTACK WARNINGTERM INATED."4. Should any station request a "repeat" dur-

ing the roll call, the Region will repeat themessage. The station making the request willuse the approved terminology as shown in Sup-plement 4-A, paragraph B.5.

5. The Region. will again call at the end ofthe roll call any station which did not answer.6. Any station not answering the roll call

will be called by LD telephone by the Regionusing the procedures and terminology specifiedin Supplement 4-C.7. Each Region will sign off with, "THIS IS

(Region) OUT, (date), (time) ZULU."8. As soon as the State Warning Point has

received the TERMINATION announcement,the operator will immediately call the roll of theWarning Points within his State. He will usethe same procedures and terminology specifiedin Supplement 4-A, paragraph C, but will sub-stitute the phrase, "ATTACK WARNINGTERMIN ATED" for the term "ATTACKWARNING."B. When Emergency Broadcast System oper-

ations have been terminated, the Warning Cen-ters will make that announcement using thesame procedures as those governing termina-tion of the ATTACK WARNING.C. If both the ATTACK WARNING and

EMERGENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM oper-ations are terminated at the same time, it willbe reflected in a single message.

27


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Supplement 4-E-Procedures and Terminology for RelayingPeacetime Disaster Messages

A. Messages about potential or actual peace-time disasters may be transmitted over theCivil Defense Warning System. However, theymust be as concise as possible. When suchmessages are to be relayed over any portionof NAWAS, the calling procedures prescribedin Supplement 3-A will be used. As thesemessages are received at a Warning Center, theWarning Officer will relay them to the OCDNational Headquarters Duty Officer and to theappropriate OeD Regional Duty Officer.B. Messages concerning a potential peace-

time disaster should cover briefly the followingpoints:1. Source of the warning.2. Type of destruction expected.3. Time the disaster is expected.4. Probable area affected.5. Probable severity.6. Any local actions taken or to be taken.C. Messages reporting an actual peacetime

28

disaster should cover briefly the followingpoints:1.Type of disaster.2. Time of disaster.3. Area affected.4. Estimate of casualties:a. Dead.b. Injured.c. Homeless.

5. Estimate of damage (report private andpublic damage separately).a. Whether light, medium, or heavy.

6. Local actions taken or to be taken.7. Outside assistance needed:a. What type.b. Where.c.When.d. What extent.

d. The use of NAWAS for peacetime disas-ters will be carefully controlled by each Warn- ,/ ~....ing Center. Since NAWAS is a voice communi- ~cations system, lengthy messages will not bepermitted.

( _ ~ , , 1 ,r ~lihElilJlllt:;.jllj"1!J;hj. - '


32/37

~j

r Supplement 4-F-Procedures and Terminology for RelayingSevere Weather Forecasts and WarningsA. There will be one or more Weather Bureau

Stations on NAWAS to serve each State byproviding severe weather forecasts and warn-ings to areas likely to be affected.B. Any Warning Point receiving a request to

relay severe weather information will use thecalling procedures specified in Supplement 3-A.The wording of the originating Weather Bu-reau station will be repeated verbatim and will

be identified as a Weather Bureau forecast orwarning. No evaluation or interpretation willbe made.C. Any Warning Point that further dissemi-

nates a severe weather forecast or warning willdo so in accordance with State and local plans.(These plans should indicate who will pay thecosts of any toll calls in connection with suchdissemination. )

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Supplement 4-G-Procedures and Terminology for RelayingInformation About Downed Aircraft

A. The use of NAWAS to relay questionsand/ or information concerning aircraft down'.or in trouble will supplement existing searchand rescue procedures and/ or agreements.Early receipt of reports of aircraft accidentscould contribute materially to lifesaving oper-ations.B. Calling procedures outlined in Supple-

ment 3-A will be used by Warning Centers andWarning Points in relaying this type of infor-mation.C. Reports to Warning Centers should in-

clude the following:

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1. Location (as exact as possible).2. Time of crash or sighting.3. Type and number of aircraft, number ofengines, and identifying markings. (Civil-ian: commercial carrier, etc.; military:bomber, fighter, etc.)

4. Description of any fire or explosion seen.5. Location and condition of crew and pas-sengers, if known.

6. Name(s) and address (es) of person(s)having knowledge of the accident. (Thisapplies only to those who can assist in pin-pointing the accident.)


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Supplement 4-H-Procedures for NUDET and Other Types of"Flash" Reports

A. To relay this type of information, thecalling procedures specified in Supplement 3-Awill be used by OeD Regions and the WarningPoints. Timely and authentic information isurgently needed in any type of operation.B. Type of flash reports:1. Nuclear detonations (NUDETS) :a. Location-give coor din a'tes byGEOREF, UTM, or latitude and longi-tude.

b. Size-small, medium, or large.c. Type of burst-air, surface, or water.d. Time of detonation.

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e. Source of information.f. Remarks.

2. Radiological contamination:a. Area involved.b.Dose rate and time of dose-rate observa-tion.

c. Source of information.3. Other (not covered above) :a. Subject.b. Time.c. Location and area involved.d. Source of information.

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!!Mi ;gg k___

Supplement 4-I-Procedures for Relaying Information AboutNuclear Accidents

A. The unintentional dispersal of radio-active materials may result from fires and in-cidents within institutions using radioactivematerials, or from accidents involving thetransport of fissionable and/ or radioactivematerials.B. Early receipt of information on such ac-

cidents or incidents is important. WarningPoints should immediately forward the infor-mation to the Warning Center over NAWAS.

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C. Messages should cover briefly the follow-ing points:1. Type of accident or incident.2. Exact location.3. Time of accident or incident.4.Whom notified.5. Pertinent details.D. Calling procedures outlined in Supple-

ment 3-A will be used by Warning Points inrelaying this type of information.

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t

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SECTION 5-GLOSSARY OF WARNING TERMSAlternate Warning Point-See Warning Point.Area Warning Circuit-That portion ofNAWAS which lies within an OCD Regionand connects the Warning Points in that areawith the Region.

Attack Warning Officer-A Warning Centerstaff member who is responsible for declar-ing and disseminating warnings and otheremergency information over NAWAS.

ATTACK WARNING Signa"-a 3- to 5-minutewavering tone on sirens, or series of shortblasts on horns orother devices, repeated asdeemed necessary, signifying that an actualattack against this country has been detectedand that protective action should be takenimmediately. The ATTACK WARNING sig-nal additionally may be used at the option oflocal government to warn of imminent ap-proach of fallout, since the meaning of thesignal "protective action should be taken im-mediately" is appropriate for both attack andfallout warning.

ATTENTION or ALERT Sumal-: 3- to 5-minute steady tone, signifying a high prob-ability of danger other than enemy attack,and that the public should listen for essen-tial emergency information.

Backup Telephone-A telephone in WarningPoints to which a call is placed by a WarningCenter or OCD Region when no answer isreceived over NAWAS.

CHECKERBOARD-A code word designatinga simulated ATTACK WARNING used incivil defense exercises.

Civil Defense Warning System (CDWS)-Thesystem over which a warning or other emerg- .ency information is transmitted throughoutthe Nation. Itcomprises Federal, State, andlocal warning systems.

Emergency Broadcast System (EBS)-Estab-lished to enable the President, Federal, State,and local authorities to communicate withthe public during a national civil defense

emergency or periods of extreme world ten-sion:

FADEOUT-Code word used to terminate anexercise.

Flash Report-A short message giving the firstavailable details of an incident, a bombing,a disaster, etc.

Greenwich Mean Time-The mean solar time atthe Greenwich Meridian. Also called ZULUTime.

National Warning Center-The facility staffedby Attack Warning Officers situated withinthe combat operations center at NORADHeadquarters. Controls NAWAS when thearea Warning Circuits are tied together.

National Warning System (NAWAS)-TheFederal portion of the Civil Defense WarningSystem, used for the dissemination of warn-ings and other emergency information fromthe Warning Centers or Regions to WarningPoints in each State.

NAWAS Extension-A type of telephone serv-ice which extends without relay the trans-mission of warning from the Warning Pointto places having a vital need for this infor-mation. (An approvable item under FederalContributions. )

NORAD-North American Air Defense Com-mand.

NUDET -Nuclear detonation.Peacetime Disaster Warning-A warning of anunusual incident resulting from naturalcauses which endangers the health, safety, orresources of the residents of an area.

Phonetic Alphabet-An alphabet code in whichan authorized word for a letter is used intransmitting messages when possibility of amisunderstanding exists.

RADEF Warning-A warning of radiologicalfallout.

State NA WAS Circuit-That portion ofNAWAS which connects all Warning Pointswithin a State with the State Warning Point.

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--------- -~--- -::__--::..-:--------~-- -~. '.'~=._=..-=.=__=,~-,""',,;=.-&-.-._~~.~=~~~----------

State Warning Point-See Warning Point.Telco-Telephone Company.USASTRATCOM-CONUS Facility-An in-stallation established to support the OCDRegional Director in the field of Communi-cations and Warning.

Warning-Warning is the alerting of civil de-fense forces and the public to the threat ofextraordinary danger and the related effectsof both enemy-caused and natural disasters.Warning Center-A facility staffed by AttackWarning Officers. The National WarningCenter is located at the source of first avail-able information concerning an attack on theUnited States.

Warning Officer - A USASTRATCOM -CONUS staff officer, experienced in the fieldof warning, and stationed at each USA-STRATCOM-CONUS facility to advise andassist the OCD Regional Director in develop-ing warning plans and systems in States andtheir political subdivisions.

Distribution:OCD Regions, Staff CollegeState and Local CD DirectorsState Adj. Gen.-Military Support Planning Officers

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Warning Point-A facility that receives warn-ings and other emergency information over ~NAWAS and relays this information in ' ""_ .accordance with State and local civil defense -plans.

Alternate Warning Point-A facility whichacts for and has the same responsibility asthe Warning Point with which it alternates.Generally located in an EOC.Local Warning Point-A facility in a city,town, or community which receives warningsand activates the public warning system inits area of responsibility.

State Warning Point-Same as Warning Point,with the additional responsibility of super-vising and controlling that part of NAWASwhich is within a State.

Warning Signalr-An .audible signal, soundedon public outdoor warning devices. (SeeATTENTION or ALERT Signal and AT-TACK WARNING Signal).ZULU (Z) Time-See Greenwich Mean Time.

CONUS Army-Military Support Planning OfficersUSASTRATCOM-CONUS CD WarningSenior Military Colleges under DoD

t:rU_S, Government Printing Office 1966-254-280/17

National Warning System (1966)

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