National Unification in Italy and Germany

HST 112

Lecture 8

Ethan Pollock

Lecture Outline

I. What is a nation?

II. Italian Unification (1858-1861)

III. German Unification (1862-1871)

IV. Nationalism as a Divisive Force

Key Terms

• Risorgimento• Piedmont-Sardinia• Mazzini• Cavour• Garibaldi• Victor Emmanuel II• Habsburg Dynasty

(Austria)

• Prussia• Bismarck• Junker• Franco-Prussian War

(1870-1871)• Realpolitik

I. What is a nation?

II. Italian Unification (1858-1861)

Timeline:1848 Revolutions in

Europe

1853-56 Crimean War

1859 Piedmont-Sardinia at war with Austria

1860 Treaty of Turin

1866 Venetia to Italy

1871 Papal States to Italy

A. Legacy of 1848 – Competing Goals

B. Possible Sources of Leadership

C. Alliances and Warfare

D. Garibaldi

E. Completion of the Unification

Mazzini

Cavour

II. Italian Unification (1858-1861)

Timeline:1848 Revolutions in

Europe

1853-56 Crimean War

1859 Piedmont-Sardinia at war with Austria

1860 Treaty of Turin

1866 Venetia to Italy

1871 Papal States to Italy

A. Legacy of 1848 – Competing Goals

B. Possible Sources of Leadership

C. Alliances and Warfare

D. Garibaldi

E. Completion of the Unification

Garibaldi

III. German Unification (1862-1871)

Timeline:

1848 Revolutions in Europe

1862 Bismarck appointed Prime Minister

1864 Prussia at war with Danes

1866 Prussia at war with Austria

1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War

A. Legacy of 1848 – competing goals

B. William I and Bismarck

C. Prussian Leadership in War

D. North German Confederation

E. Franco-Prussian War

III. German Unification (1862-1871)

Timeline:

1848 Revolutions in Europe

1862 Bismarck appointed Prime Minister

1864 Prussia at war with Danes

1866 Prussia at war with Austria

1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War

A. Legacy of 1848 – competing goals

B. William I and Bismarck

C. Prussian Leadership in War

D. North German Confederation

E. Franco-Prussian War

Bismarck

III. German Unification (1862-1871)

Timeline:

1848 Revolutions in Europe

1862 Bismarck appointed Prime Minister

1864 Prussia at war with Danes

1866 Prussia at war with Austria

1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War

A. Legacy of 1848 – competing goals

B. William I and Bismarck

C. Prussian Leadership in War

D. North German Confederation

E. Franco-Prussian War

IV. Nationalism as a Divisive Force

A. The Austrian Empire

B. The Ottoman Empire

C. The Russian Empire

D. Great Britain, United States, Germany, Italy, France