National Swine Nutrition Guide

Duane E. ReeseUniversity of Nebraska

1

Goal

• You’ll have confidence that the NSNG is an effective tool to enhance the understanding of practical swine nutrition, feeding principles and related management guidelines.

2

Agenda

• Guide’s purpose

• Who created it and how

• Overview of Guide’s contents

• Diet formulation & evaluation software

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Purpose of NSNG

• To enhance the understanding of basic nutrition, feeding principles and related management practices and to serve as a reference for pork producers, students, educators and allied industry personnel.

4

Steering committee

• Duane Reese, University of Nebraska• Bob Thaler, South Dakota State University• Brian Richert, Purdue University • Scott Carter, Oklahoma State University• Garland Dahlke, Iowa State University• Joel DeRouchey, Kansas State University• David Meisinger, US Pork Center of Excellence• John Patience, Iowa State University • Marcia Carlson Shannon, University of Missouri• Hans Stein, University of Illinois• Eric van Heugten, North Carolina State University• Mark Whitney, University of Minnesota• Charlotte Kirk Baer, USDA/NIFA ex-officio

5

Additional professional involvement

• Representing

– Academia and USDA

– Agri-businesses

• Factsheet authors

– N = 14

• Factsheet reviewers

– N = 60

Actions to ensure relevance and creditability

• Surveyed 21 pork industry professionals

– # phases, entry & exit weights, methods of expressing nutrient recommendations, energy system used, etc.

• Meetings with pork industry professionals

• Involved pork industry professionals to write and review factsheets

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Guide components

• Factsheets (n = 34)

• Diet formulation & evaluation software

• Tables booklet

• Available at

– http://www.usporkcenter.org/home/projects/national-swine-nutrition-guide.aspx

Factsheets

• National Swine Nutrition Guide Preface, Acknowledgements, and Table of Contents

• Factors Affecting Nutrient Recommendations for Swine

• Understanding the Nutrient Recommendations in the National Swine Nutrition Guide

• Energy Sources for Swine Diets

• Protein and Amino Acid Sources for Swine Diets

Factsheets (con’t)

• Trace Minerals and Vitamins for Swine Diets

• Macro-Minerals for Swine Diets

• Water Recommendations and Systems for Swine

• Nursery Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

• Growing-Finishing Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

Factsheet (con’t)

• Replacement Gilt and Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

• Gestating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

• Lactating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

• Breeding Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management

• Cull Sow Feeding Management

Factsheets (con’t)

• Example Diets for Swine

• Diet and Health Interactions in Swine

• Feed Additives for Swine

• Feed Additives for Swine - Enzymes and Phytase

• Feed Additives for Swine - Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Factsheets (con’t)

• Feed Additives for Swine - Paylean®

• Swine Feed and Ingredient Sampling and Analysis

• Utilization of Weather-Stressed Feedstuffs in Swine Diets

• Purchasing of High Quality Ingredients for Swine Diets

Factsheets (con’t)

• Composition and Usage Rate of Feed Ingredients for Swine Diets

• Swine Feed Processing and Manufacturing

• Methods of Supplying Nutrients to Swine

• Feeding Systems for Swine

• Feeding for Niche Swine Production

Factsheets (con’t)

• Nutritional Effects on Swine Nutrient Excretion and Air Quality

• Nutritional Effects on Pork Quality in Swine Production

• By-product feed ingredients for use in swine diets

• Conversion Factors

• Index

Overview of Nutrient Recommendations in the NSNG

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Basis for recommendations

• Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG are based on both the 1998 NRC and research published since 1998.

• Values published by the NRC do not include any safety margins.

• A margin of safety was applied to each nutrient in order to establish a recommendation for that nutrient in the NSNG

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Basis for recommendations

• Margins of safety necessary to account for factors that affect nutrient needs and variability in nutrient composition and in nutrient bioavailability of feed ingredients

• Nutrient cost and environmental issues surrounding nutrient excretion were considered when determining safety margins

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Basis for recommendations

• Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG were established according to predetermined pig performance standards; for example, daily weight gain, feed intake, carcass lean gain, litter size and litter weaning weight

• No particular genetics or line considered

• Those performance standards accompany the nutrient recommendations in the NSNG to provide transparency and to allow individuals to tailor recommendations to specific situations

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Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations

• To reduce the risk of deficiencies and to ensure optimum and reliable pig performance, we recommend certain trace minerals and vitamins be routinely added to the diet

• Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations in the NSNG represent additions to the diet

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(total)

(total)

Energy

22

Energy Systems

Gross

Energy

Digestible

Energy

Fecal

Energy

Metabolizable

Energy

Urinary

Energy

Gaseous

Energy

Net

Energy

Heat

increment

NE

production

NE

maintenance

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Energy Systems

• NSNG Formulation Program

• Can use either ME or NE concentrations of feedstuffs

• Formulate based on ME, with NE shadowing

• However, formulation on NE is available

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Amino Acids

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Expressing Amino Acid Recommendations

• Apparent– The net disappearance of ingested dietary amino acids

from the digestive tract proximal to the distal ileum

• Standardized– Derived by correcting AID values for a constant

defined basal endogenous losses of amino acids

• True– The portion of the dietary amino acids that disappears

from the proximal to distal ileum corrected for endogenous losses

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Ideal amino acid ratios – nursery

Ideal amino acid ratios –grower/finisher

Ideal amino acid ratios –lactation

Ideal amino acid ratios –gestation & breeding boars

Phosphorus

Relative Bio-available vs. Digestible P

• Relative Bioavailable P

– Determined based on a standard (Mono-sodium P)

– Growth or bone breaking strength and break point

– Digestibility of standard not considered

• Digestible P

– Total track or ileal digestibility of the feed stuffs

– Better to predict excretion and environmental impact of diet

– Modeled relative to lean gain in grow-finish

Phytase Use• Phytase use is a standard in the industry

• Software contains release curves of the 4 current commercially available productsEstimated P release values for Natuphos, Optiphos, Phyzyme, and Ronozyme phytase sources, amount of enzyme per kg of diet

Natuphos, FTU Phyzyme, FTU Optiphos, FTU Ronozyme, FYT Avail P release, %

100 100 40 370 0.038

200 200 80 740 0.058

300 300 120 1110 0.075

400 400 160 1480 0.090

500 500 200 1850 0.102

600 600 240 2220 0.112

700 700 280 2590 0.120

800 800 320 2960 0.124

900 900 360 3330 0.127

Vitamin and Trace Mineral Premix Specs

Trace mineral premix specs

Vitamin premix specs - nursery

Vitamin premix specs – grow/fin

Vitamin premix specs – breeding herd

Formulation and Evaluation Software

Bob ThalerSouth Dakota State University

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