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NATIONAL

This annexure consists of 12 pages.

GEOGRAPHY P1

NOVEMBER 2013

ANNEXURE

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Annexure


FIGURE 1.1: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE BELTS AND WINDS

[Source: Adapted from Google Image] FIGURE 1.2: PROFILE OF A RIVER MEANDER

[Source: Google Image]

River Fastest flow

Water

X Y



FIGURE 1.3: CITY CLIMATE

[Source: Adapted from Google Image]

FIGURE 1.4: ARTICLE AND SATELLITE IMAGE OF CYCLONE IRINA

CYCLONE IRINA CAUSES CHAOS IN KZN 5 March By Lungelo Mkamba, Kyle Venktess and Sapa Hundreds of families have been left homeless and many roads and streets in Durban and other coastal areas north of the city right up to Kosi Bay were turned into raging rivers as tropical cyclone Irina caused chaos across the province. The weather services said that gale-force south-westerly winds (65 km/h) were expected on Monday. There was a warning of very rough seas with waves up to 6 m. 'A combination of very rough seas, marine storm surge, as well as gale-force winds was likely to threaten the coastline,' said police spokesperson Colonel Vishnu Naidoo. In Jozini in the Nyawushadi area a house collapsed on a woman, breaking her legs, after floods hit northern KwaZulu-Natal on Sunday morning. Disaster teams were still quantifying the damage, but Naidoo estimated that at least 300 houses had been flooded.

[Source: Adapted from www.wunderground.com]

DURBAN

(35 oC)

Pollution dome Heat released

from urban area

(31 oC) (31 oC)

Farmland Suburbs City centre Suburbs Forest



FIGURE 1.5: DRAINAGE BASIN AND ITS LONGITUDINAL PROFILE

[Source: Adapted from Physical Geography] FIGURE 1.6: LANDFORMS ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

[Source: Adapted from Earth’s Landforms]

A B

A

Upper course Middle course Lower course

Sea

C

B



FIGURE 2.1: TERTIARY AIR CIRCULATION

[Source: Adapted from Living Geography] FIGURE 2.2: SEDIMENTARY STRATA/LAYERS

[Source: www.angelfire.com]

Return flow

Marine inflow

Return flow

Weak breeze

Cool land E

B A

Warm land D

C

Limestone

Shale

Limestone

Shale

Shale Shale

Limestone Limestone C

A B



FIGURE 2.3: SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP/CHART

[Source: Adapted from SA Weather Bureau] FIGURE 2.4: GLOBAL WARMING

[Source: The Times 2011]

О

30

9

A

B

C

D

E

Big Developing

Nations

Developed Nations



FIGURE 2.5: LAND-USE AND FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS

[Source: www.google.com] FIGURE 2.6: SLOPES AND MASS MOVEMENTS ALONG SLOPES

[Source: A Keller]

Poor drainage

Land-use

Time

Row crops

Pastures

Forests

Urban areas

0 0

Rising limb Recession

Peak flow

Storm flow

Base flow Groundwater

recession

Lag time Time

(hours or days)

A B

Q Q



FIGURE 3.1: TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS

[Source: Unknown] FIGURE 3.3: POPULATION MOVEMENTS BETWEEN SETTLEMENTS

[Adapted from GCSE]

KEY Houses x Farmland Hills

X X X X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

B

B

D

A A

C

KEY

Villages

CBD

Inner city

Outer suburbs

Population

movements



FIGURE 3.4: URBAN PROBLEM

[Source: http://www.businesstravellogue.com/travel-tips/driving-safety-tips-from-allstate-insurace.html] FIGURE 3.5: GDP CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH AFRICA

[Source: www.statssa.gov.za/publications]

GDP contribution to the economy 2004–2012

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas and water

Finances

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

90 000

80 000

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0

If these idiots would just take

the bus, I could've been home by now.

If these idiots would just take

the bus, I could've been home by now.

If these idiots would just ...

If these idiots

...

If these idiots would just ...

If these idiots

...

If these idiots ... If these ...

If these idiots ...



FIGURE 3.6: INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONES IN SOUTH AFRICA

[Source: Morne Scaap] FIGURE 4.3: ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS

[Source: Google Image]

Johannesburg IDZ Still to be developed

East London IDZ • Value of investment

to date: R1,3 billion • Jobs created: 930 in

manufacturing and related jobs Richards Bay IDZ

• Value of investment to date: R670 million

• Jobs created: 300

Coega IDZ • Value of investment

to date: R2,1 billion • Jobs created: 7 147

When are the people

responsible for this mess going to plug that

leak?

You know, I was going to ask you the same thing ...

PEOPLE

GOVERNMENT



FIGURE 4.4: COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF HIV/AIDS-RELATED

DEATHS

[Source: World Health Organisation] FIGURE 4.5: JOB LOSSES IN THE FORMAL SECTOR

FORMAL SECTOR SHEDS (LOSES) JOBS

TJ STRYDOM | 14 August, 2012 Jobs are 'seeping' from the formal sector of the economy into the informal sector, according to the latest Employment Index. More than 10 000 jobs were created in the informal sector last month but almost 7 000 were lost in the formal sector, mostly because of labour regulations and taxes. Construction, financial services and manufacturing were among the hardest hit. Employment in the construction industry declined by more than 11%, according to the Index, and in manufacturing and financial services by around 4%. With SARS registering 385 000 businesses as new taxpayers in the past eight years, many enterprises have moved to the informal sector to avoid paying taxes.

40 000/200 000 Current number of HIV/Aids-related deaths per year

Projected number of HIV/Aids-related deaths 2011–2015

Nigeria 49 000/245 000

Uganda 19 000/95 000

Tanzania 11 000/55 000

Zambia 11 000/55 000

South Africa 83 000/415 000

India 14 000/70 000

Ethiopia 14 000/70 000

Kenya 14 000/70 000

Mozambique 22 000/110 000

Zimbabwe 27 000/135 000

KEY:


Copyright reserved

FIGURE 4.6: SOUTH AFRICA'S TRADE WITH CHINA

[Source: http://www.stoptb.org]

South Africa's trade with China

Imports Exports

Perc

enta

ge o

f ove

rall

impo

rts

and

expo

rts

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1995 1997 1999 2000 2003 2005 2008 2010 2012 2015


MARKS: 300 TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 11 pages and a 12-page annexure.

GEOGRAPHY P1

NOVEMBER 2013


GRAAD 12

GRADE 12

Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2013 NSC


INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

This question paper consists of FOUR questions. Answer ANY THREE questions of 100 marks each. ALL diagrams are contained in the ANNEXURE. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK. ENCIRCLE the numbers of the questions that you have answered on the front page of your ANSWER BOOK. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams. Write clearly and legibly.



SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER, FLUVIAL PROCESSES AND

STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer only ONE question from SECTION A, you must answer BOTH questions in SECTION B.

QUESTION 1 1.1 Study FIGURE 1.1 which shows global atmospheric pressure belts and winds,

and answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 What name is given to the winds that converge at A? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.2 Is the 0º latitude a low- or a high-pressure belt? (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.3 Give the name of the boundary at 60º where two air masses with

different characteristics meet. (1 x 2)

(2) 1.1.4 State the name of pressure belt C. (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.5 What is the name of the pressure belt located at the 0º latitude?

(1 x 2)

(2) 1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2 which shows the profile of a river meander. Indicate

whether the statements below apply to slope X or slope Y. Write only 'slope X' or 'slope Y' next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The slope has a concave shape. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.2 This slope has a gentle gradient. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.3 The water flows faster against this slope. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.4 Deposition takes place mainly on this slope. (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.5 This slope is known as the slip-off slope. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3 Study FIGURE 1.3 based on city climate. 1.3.1 Calculate the difference in temperature between the city centre and

the farmland. (1 x 2)

(2) 1.3.2 Give TWO reasons from the diagram why this temperature

difference occurs. (2 x 2)

(4) 1.3.3 Give the term used to describe the warm air over the city centre.

(1 x 2)

(2) 1.3.4 Explain why the shape of the pollution dome is not the same during

the day and night. (2 x 2)

(4) 1.3.5 Refer to the pollution dome over the city and give evidence to

support the statement that this is a daytime situation. (1 x 2)

(2)



1.4 Read FIGURE 1.4 based on cyclone Irina and answer the questions that follow.

1.4.1 How many cyclones, including Irina, have occurred so far in this

tropical cyclone season? (1 x 2)

(2) 1.4.2 What evidence on the satellite image suggests that Irina is a

tropical cyclone? (1 x 2)

(2) 1.4.3 Name the cloud type around the eye at C. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.4 Explain TWO conditions necessary for the formation of tropical

cyclones. (2 x 2)

(4) 1.4.5 Explain why people in KwaZulu-Natal would not have been

prepared for the chaos created by tropical cyclone Irina. Give TWO reasons. (2 x 2)

(4)

1.4.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) explaining the impact

that the flooding caused by Irina would have on the economy and environment of KwaZulu-Natal. (6 x 2)

(12)

1.5 FIGURE 1.5 is based on a drainage basin and its longitudinal profile. 1.5.1 Define the term drainage basin. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Explain the term longitudinal profile. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 What evidence suggests that the longitudinal profile is a graded

profile? (1 x 2)

(2) 1.5.4 Name and describe the underlying rock structure associated with

stream pattern B. (2 x 2)

(4) 1.5.5 Determine the stream order at point C. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.6 Give a reason why the river follows a meandering path in the

middle course. (1 x 2)

(2) 1.5.7 The fluvial landforms in the upper and lower course of a river differ

greatly. Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) in which you explain how the different stream-flow and erosion processes are responsible for the development of different landforms in the upper and lower courses. (6 x 2)

(12)

1.6 Refer to the sketches in FIGURE 1.6 and answer the questions that follow. 1.6.1 Describe the shape of landform A. (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.2 State the drainage pattern that could form on landform A. (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.3 Explain why the drainage pattern in QUESTION 1.6.2 will develop

on landform A. (2 x 2)

(4) 1.6.4 Explain how feature B develops. (3 x 2) (6)

[100]



QUESTION 2 2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing tertiary air circulation. Choose the correct word

in brackets to make each of the following statements TRUE. Write down only the correct word next to the question number (2.1.1–2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.6 berg wind.

2.1.1 The wind at D is a (land/sea) breeze. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.2 Wind E occurs at (night/day) time. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.3 Place C is likely to experience a (high/low) pressure. (1 x 2) (2) 2.1.4 The air flow at B will have a (warming/cooling) effect on the land.

(1 x 2)

(2) 2.1.5 The high pressure at A is due to (subsiding/rising) air. (1 x 2) (2) 2.2 FIGURE 2.2 shows sedimentary strata/layers. 2.2.1 How are the strata/layers in A positioned in relation to the earth's

surface? (1 x 2)

(2) 2.2.2 Which rock type, shale or limestone, is likely to erode faster?

(1 x 2)

(2) 2.2.3 How are the strata/layers in B positioned in relation to the earth's

surface? (1 x 2)

(2) 2.2.4 Name ONE landform that originates from the limestone in

sketch B. (1 x 2)

(2) 2.2.5 What is the name of the steep slope at C? (1 x 2) (2) 2.3 Study the synoptic weather map/chart in FIGURE 2.3 and answer the

questions that follow.

2.3.1 Name the type of low-pressure cell at B. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 State the pressure at the centre of pressure cell D. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 Identify ONE piece of evidence from the synoptic map/chart to

indicate that it represents winter conditions. (1 x 2)

(2) 2.3.4 Name the front at C. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 State TWO weather changes that Port Elizabeth could possibly

experience in the next few hours. (2 x 2)

(4) 2.3.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) explaining why Port

Elizabeth is experiencing unusually high temperatures and what impact the weather conditions will have on the environment. (6 x 2)

(12)



2.4 Examine the cartoon in FIGURE 2.4 on global warming. 2.4.1 Define the term global warming. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Comment on the argument between the developed nations

(countries) and the big developing nations (countries) evident in the cartoon. (2 x 2)

(4)

2.4.3 Why is there a fire around the earth in the cartoon? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 What is the collective name for gases that cause global warming?

(1 x 2)

(2) 2.4.5 Explain why the cartoonist Zapiro thinks COP 17 was a waste of

time. (2 x 2)

(4) 2.5 Study FIGURE 2.5, which shows the impact of land-use on flow hydrographs. 2.5.1 Define the term flow hydrograph. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 How can humans use the information on a flow hydrograph? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Explain why peak rainfall and peak discharge do not occur at the

same time. (2 x 2)

(4) 2.5.4 Which land-use results in the highest peak discharge? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Discuss the impact of forests on river discharge. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6 Refer to the sketches on slopes and the mass movements along slopes in

FIGURE 2.6.

2.6.1 Name slope elements/forms X and Y in sketch A. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.2 Describe the shape of slope X. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.3 State the typical slope element/form not visible in sketch A. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.4 Discuss how slope Y can be used by people. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.5 Explain why slope D became unstable. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) analysing the impact of

slope instability and methods that can be used to prevent disasters associated with this instability. (6 x 2)

(12) [100]



SECTION B: PEOPLE AND PLACES: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT,

PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question from SECTION B, you must answer BOTH questions in SECTION A.

QUESTION 3 3.1 Refer to FIGURE 3.1 showing types of settlements. Match the descriptions

below with the letters (A–E) in the sketch. You may use the same letter for more than one answer.

3.1.1 A settlement with a linear shape (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.2 A settlement located away from water, as it is a threat (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.3 An isolated farmstead (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.4 A settlement where farmers live in the village and not on

their farms (1 x 2)

(2) 3.1.5 A settlement where a river meander provides protection from

invasions (1 x 2)

(2) 3.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the word(s)/term(s)

in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (3.2.1–3.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.2.1

3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5

Primary activity Tertiary activity Quaternary activity Sustainability Reconstruction and Development Plan (RDP)

A

B

C

D E

F

a plan for social development provision of intellectual services/high- level research provision of services strategy to improve industrial development involves the exploitation of natural resources involves conservation for future generations

(5 x 2) (10)



3.3 Refer to FIGURE 3.3 based on population movements between settlements. 3.3.1 Name movement A in the sketch. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Give ONE reason why people move away from rural villages.

(1 x 2)

(2) 3.3.3 Discuss the impact of the movement of people away from rural

villages on the economy of these settlements. (3 x 2)

(6) 3.3.4 Is movement B more likely to take place in developed or

developing countries? (1 x 2)

(2) 3.3.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) detailing the impact of

movement A on the CBD (D) and inner city (C). (6 x 2)

(12) 3.4 Study the cartoon on an urban problem in FIGURE 3.4. 3.4.1 State the urban problem highlighted in the cartoon. (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.2 What message does the cartoon convey about the drivers'

attitude? (1 x 2)

(2) 3.4.3 Discuss how the drivers' attitude contributed to the problem.

(2 x 2)

(4) 3.4.4 State TWO environmental issues associated with this urban

problem. (2 x 2)

(4) 3.4.5 Give the local authority advice on how they can help solve this

urban problem. (3 x 2)

(6) 3.5 Study the graph in FIGURE 3.5 showing the GDP contribution to

the economy of South Africa.

3.5.1 Write the acronym GDP in full. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.2 Briefly explain why finance displays such an erratic/changing trend.

(3 x 2)

(6) 3.5.3 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) commenting on the

contribution of manufacturing to the GDP over the last five years, and how this has led to the growth of the economy of South Africa. (6 x 2)

(12)



3.6 Study FIGURE 3.6 which shows the location of some industrial development zones (IDZs) in South Africa.

3.6.1 What is an industrial development zone? (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.2 Which IDZ has the largest investment to date? (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 Give TWO reasons for the development of IDZs by the

government. (2 x 2)

(4) 3.6.4 Name TWO incentives that government offers to industries that are

established in IDZs. (2 x 2)

(4) 3.6.5 Explain how IDZs have improved the lives of people living in

underdeveloped rural areas. (3 x 2)

(6) [100]

QUESTION 4 4.1 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches a description

in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number (4.1.1–4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B 4.1.1

4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5

An increasing percentage of people that live in cities The process whereby people move out of cities to rural areas The physical growth of an urban settlement Uncontrolled growth of an urban area A decrease in the number of people living in rural areas

A B C D E F

counter-urbanisation urban sprawl urbanisation rural depopulation urban expansion urban growth

(5 x 2) (10) 4.2 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the

word/term next to the question number (4.2.1–4.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

4.2.1 The exchange of goods and services between countries (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.2 Goods that are brought into a country (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.3 A financial statement showing the value of a country's transactions

with other countries (1 x 2)

(2) 4.2.4 The difference in value between a country's imports and exports

(1 x 2)

(2) 4.2.5 When the value of a country's exports is greater than its imports

(1 x 2)

(2)



4.3 Examine the cartoon in FIGURE 4.3 on illegal immigrants and answer the

questions that follow.

4.3.1 Who is an illegal immigrant? (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.2 Comment on the government's attitude to illegal immigrants with

reference to the cartoon. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.3.3 Give TWO reasons why people all over the world want illegal

immigration to be stopped. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.3.4 Give TWO reasons why South Africa attracts such a large of

number of illegal immigrants from other African countries. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.4 Study the map in FIGURE 4.4, which shows countries with the highest

number of HIV/Aids-related deaths.

4.4.1 Name the country with the highest number of HIV/Aids-related

deaths. (1 x 2)

(2) 4.4.2 Give any TWO reasons for the high number of HIV/Aids-related

deaths in Africa. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.4.3 Give any TWO solutions that would reduce the number of

HIV/Aids-related deaths. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.4.4 Study the projected deaths up to 2015 and comment on the

effectiveness of programmes to reduce HIV/Aids-related deaths. (2 x 2)

(4)

4.4.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) detailing the economic

and social impact of HIV/Aids on rural settlement patterns in African countries. (6 x 2)

(12)

4.5 Read the newspaper article entitled 'Formal sector sheds (loses) jobs' in

FIGURE 4.5.

4.5.1 What does the formal sector refer to? (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.2 Give TWO reasons for the shift in the number of jobs from the

formal to the informal sector. (2 x 2)

(4) 4.5.3 Which industry lost the largest number of jobs? (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.4 Why is the change in jobs from the formal to the informal sector not

good for the economy of South Africa? (1 x 2)

(2) 4.5.5 Discuss THREE challenges for the informal sector in South Africa.

(3 x 2)

(6)


Copyright reserved

4.6 Study the graph in FIGURE 4.6 based on South Africa's trade with China. 4.6.1 Did South Africa have a favourable or unfavourable balance of

trade with China between 2008 and 2012? (1 x 2)

(2) 4.6.2 With reference to your answer to QUESTION 4.6.1, how did South

Africa's balance of trade with China affect the economy of South Africa? (1 x 2)

(2)

4.6.3 Identify TWO trends/patterns evident on the graph in the trade

relationship between South Africa and China between 1995 and 2015. (2 x 2)

(4)

4.6.4 Give TWO possible reasons for the greater difference in imports

and exports between South Africa and China from 2008 to 2015. (2 x 2)

(4)

4.6.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) evaluating the

advantages and disadvantages of South Africa's trade with global economies such as China. (6 x 2)

(12) [100]

GRAND TOTAL: 300


MARKS: 300

This memorandum consists of 17 pages.

GRAAD 12

GEOGRAPHY P1

NOVEMBER 2013

MEMORANDUM


GRADE 12

Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum


QUESTION 1 1.1.1 Trade winds/Tropical easterlies (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.1.2 Low pressure belt (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.1.3 Polar front (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.1.4 Subtropical high/Horse latitudes (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.1.5 Equatorial low/Doldrums (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.2.1 Y (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.2.2 X (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.2.3 Y (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.2.4 X (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.2.5 X (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.3.1 4°C (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.3.2 Geometric shapes of buildings increases surface area for heating (2) Building density traps heat (2) Steel and concrete surfaces that absorb heat (2) Multiple reflection of heat (2) Heat generating activities e.g. cars, air conditioners (2) Less plants/vegetation in city centre to reduce heat (2) Pollutants above city trap/prevent heat from escaping (2) Tall buildings prevent circulation (2) Less evaporation because of fewer water surfaces (2)

[ALSO ACCEPT ANSWERS FROM OPPOSITE PERSPECTIVE: RURAL AREAS/FARMLAND/FORESTS]

[ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 1.3.3 Heat island/heat dome/thermal dome (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.3.4 Most pronounced/developed at night because air is subsiding (2) High temperatures during the day lead to rising convection currents (2) and therefore has a greater vertical dimension (2) Colder air subsides at night time therefore lies lower at night (2)

Fewer urban activities (or examples of) at night time that releases heat over the city centre therefore the pollution dome subside (2)

Inversion close to earth surface at night time (2) [Any TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 1.3.5 Heat released from urban areas/presence of rising convection currents (2) Temperatures are high/35°C (2) Vertical extent/height/ of pollution dome is higher than the tallest buildings (2) [ANY ONE] 1 x 2 (2)



1.4.1 Nine (2) 1 x 2 (2)

1.4.2 Circular band of clouds (2) Cyclone is named (2) Large diameter of system (2) Indicated as a tropical cyclone on satellite image (2) The date (2) The eye (2) It is on north east coast of South Africa (2) Clockwise rotation (2) [ANY ONE] 1 x 2 (2)

1.4 3 Cumulonimbus/cb (2) 1 x 2 (2)

1.4.4 Forms between 5º and 25º N/S where the Coriolis force is strong enough to promote the formation of the vortex (2)

Unstable atmospheric conditions necessary for convection and release of latent heat (2) Sea surface temperatures of 26.5° C or higher and over which promotes high evaporation rates (2) Several days of calm conditions are needed for the convergence of air (2) Upper air divergence to maintain a low pressure on the surface and to promote surface convergence (2) Less friction over the sea (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4)

1.4.5 Unusual for KZN to be affected directly by tropical cyclones (2) KZN is too far south/out of the 25ºS latitude (2) Oceans are too cool (2) Poorly constructed infrastructure & buildings will be affected (2) Warning did not include evacuation procedures (2) The area is underdeveloped (2)

Lack of communication for pre-warning (2) Limited technologies as tropical cyclones are not common in this area (2)

Warning was for Monday and did not include Sunday (2) Late summer (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4)

1.4.6 IMPACT ON ECONOMY Damage to infrastructure which is costly to repair (2)

Damage to beachfront properties which would negatively affect tourism and the economy (2)

Loss of crops which leads to food shortages, higher prices and food imports (2) Loss of fertile soil leads to increase in production costs and rise in food prices (2) Less income generated by farms (2)

Loss of life (2) Industries that depend on the primary sector for a supply of raw materials are adversely/negatively affected and have to close temporarily (2) Disruption to water and electricity supply due to damaged cables and burst pipes (2) Increase in health care costs due to outbreak of diseases (2) Increase in insurance claims and cost as a result of storm damage (2) Job losses (2)



IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT [ALSO ACCEPT HUMAN MADE ENVIRONMENT] Loss of valuable topsoil (2) Disruption of biodiversity (2) Coastal wetlands are destroyed (2) Food chains are disrupted (2) Pesticides and insecticides used on farms are washed into rivers and dams (2) Destruction of aquatic systems (2) Natural vegetation destroyed (2) Flood water creates new streams/increases drainage density (2) Waste material washed into oceans (2) [ALSO ACCEPT POSITIVE IMPACTS] [ANY SIX. Accept other. Must refer at least ONCE to both] 6 x 2 (12) 1.5.1 Area drained by a river and its tributaries (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 1.5.2 A side view of a river from the source to the mouth (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 1.5.3 Smooth concave profile/smooth/no obstacles/no temporary base levels visible (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.5.4 Horizontal sedimentary rocks/massive igneous rocks or metamorphic rocks (2) Rocks that are uniform in resistance to erosion (2) 2 x 2 (4) 1.5.5 2nd order (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.5.6 Gradient is less steep (2) Flows on flatter land so deposition begins (2) Gradient changes causing the river to slow down (2) The river has an increased volume (2) [ANY ONE] 1 x 2 (2) 1.5.7 UPPER COURSE: Turbulent flow (2) results in rough river channel (2) Vertical erosion dominant because of down cutting (2) forming steep slopes and V shaped valleys (2) Rapids, waterfalls and plunge pools (2) result from uneven river bed and downward erosion (2) Headward erosion therefore the stream gets longer (2) LOWER COURSE: Laminar flow (2) results in smooth river channel (2) Lateral erosion dominates (2) forming wide, open valleys (2) Gradual gradient (2) results in the formation of meanders and oxbow lakes (2) Deposition of eroded material (2) forms flood plains, sand banks, braided streams and deltas (2) [ANY SIX. Must refer to both river courses] 6 x 2 (12)



1.6.1 Dome-shaped/rounded (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.6.2 Radial/centrifugal (2) 1 x 2 (2) 1.6.3 Dome forms high lying centre (2) Water will flow away from dome to lower ground (2) Streams will therefore radiate outwards/away from dome (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 1.6.4 Igneous material cools at different rates below the Earth's surface (2) Cracks and joints develop (2) Water seeps into the vertical and horizontal joints of igneous rocks (2) Chemical and mechanical weathering takes place (2) The mass of igneous rocks is broken down into rectangular blocks of rock (2) The joints are widened by freezing and melting of water (2) Weathered material removed by erosion processes (2) Core stones remain behind (2) [ANY THREE] 3 x 2 (6)

[100]



QUESTION 2 2.1.1 Sea breeze (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.1.2 Night (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.1.3 Low (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.1.4 Cooling (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.1.5 Subsiding (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.2.1 Horizontal (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.2.2 Shale (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.2.3 Inclined/tilted (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.2.4 Cuestas/Homoclinal ridges/Hogback ridges (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.2.5 Scarp slope (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.3.1 Coastal low (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.3.2 Between 1028 and1032 millibar/hectoPascals/high (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.3.3 Berg wind conditions (2) Cold front over the land (2) Low temperatures over interior/low humidity (2) Generally clear skies over interior (2) Presence of Kalahari/Continental High over interior (2) South Atlantic/St Helena High further north than expected (2) South Atlantic High hugs the land (2) Midlatitude cyclones are moving further north/ over the land (2) [ANY ONE] 1 x 2 (2) 2.3.4 Cold front (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.3.5 Rapid drop in temperature (2) Strong, gusty winds that backs (2) Steep rise in air pressure (2) Decrease in humidity (2) Cloud formation (2)

Thunderstorms/heavy rain and hail (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 2.3.6 WHY PE IS EXPERIENCING UNUSUALLY HIGH TEMPERATURES: BERGWINDS Presence of a coastal low and Kalahari high (2) to result in berg wind conditions (2) As air descends down the escarpment it heats at the DALR (1°C/100m) (2) Hot winds raise the temperature at Port Elizabeth (2) IMPACT OF THE WARM WEATHER: [ALSO ACCEPT POSITIVE IMPACT IF APPLICABLE]

Cause fires to spread rapidly (2) Destroying valuable pastures, cultivated lands and forests (2) Decreasing humidity levels which cause respiratory problems (2) Livestock death due to unbearable temperature for animals (2) Productivity decreases because workers become tired (2) [ANY SIX. Accept other. Must refer to both aspects]

OR



WHY PE IS EXPERIENCING UNUSUALLY HIGH TEMPERATURES: WARM SECTOR Port Elizabeth is situated in the warm sector of the mid-latitude cyclone (2) Temperatures raised by the warm sector (2) IMPACT OF THE WARM WEATHER: [ALSO ACCEPT POSITIVE IMPACT IF APPLICABLE] Approaching cold front result in rising air and condensation (2) Possible flooding could occur (2) Destroying valuable pastures, cultivated lands and forests (2)

Livestock death due to unbearable temperature for animals (2) Loss of income (2) Destruction of infrastructure (2) Costly reparations to be done (2) Productivity decreases because workers become tired (2)

[ANY SIX. Accept other. Must refer to both aspects] 6 x 2 (12) 2.4.1 Higher than normal temperatures being experienced on the earth’s surface (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 2.4.2 No one wants to take the blame (2) They have different view points on global warming (2)

[Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4) 2.4.3 Because of global warming/rapid increase in temperature (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.4.4 Greenhouse gases (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.4.5 No real commitment from ALL participating countries to reduce emissions (2) COP 17 was thus a mere talk shop with no real action (2) COP-OUT means no real participation or to give in (2) Emissions still go on (2) No binding agreement (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4) 2.5.1 A graph that shows river discharge over a period of time (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 2.5.2 Provides an overall picture of the river flow and people can determine times of possible flood or drought conditions (2) [Accept other reasonable answers] 1 x 2 (2) 2.5.3 When storm begins the dry unsaturated ground will first absorb most of the precipitation that falls (2) The excess water then flows as surface run-off into rivers (2) Sheet flow occurs before water reaches streams (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 2.5.4 Urban (2) 1 x 2 (2)



2.5.5 Reduces discharge (2) Creates an obstruction that forces water to infiltrate (2) Reduces run-off (2) Lowers drainage density (2) [ANY TWO. Accept positive impacts] 2 x 2 (4) 2.6.1 X – Crest (2) 1 x 2 (2) Y – Pediment (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.6.2 Convex/rounded (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.6.3 Cliff/scarp/free face (2) 1 x 2 (2) 2.6.4 Gentle slope allows for farming (2) Easy to build on and develop settlements (2) Gentle slope allows for easy construction of infrastructure (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4) 2.6.5 Poor drainage/heavy rainfall/saturated soil results in soil slipping downslope (2) Slope was reduced headwards/backwards (2) Urban development/building on edge of slope/overloading slope destabilised the slope even more (2) Further mass movement resulted (2) Removal of vegetation (2) The underlying structure could be tilted (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other options] 2 x 2 (4) 2.6.6 THE IMPACT OF SLOPE INSTABILITY: [INCLUDE POSITIVE IMPACTS] Destroy trees and crops (2) Cover soils and thus lead to loss of farmland (2) Bury communities/endanger life (2) Block rivers with temporary dams which can burst and cause flooding (2) Disrupt communications/blocked roads (2) Block roads and railways (2) Destroy bridges (2) Cause subsidence (2) Damage buildings (2) Break pipelines carrying gas or electricity (2) METHODS TO PREVENT DISASTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SLOPE INSTABILITY: Reduce deforestation (2) Construct walls, buttresses, ground anchors, drainage channels, cables, nets and bolts (2) Plant vegetation cover to reduce runoff (2) Provide adequate drainage (2) Re-grade the slopes (2) Unload the top of the slope and load the toe or base (2) [ANY SIX. Accept other. Must refer to both aspects] 6 x 2 (12)

[100]



QUESTION 3 3.1.1 E (2) 3.1.2 C (2) 3.1.3 B/C/D (2) 3.1.4 A (2) 3.1.5 A (2) 5 x 2 (10) 3.2.1 E (2) 3.2.2 C (2) 3.2.3 B (2) 3.2.4 F (2) 3.2.5 A (2) 5 x 2 (10) 3.3.1 Rural-urban migration (2) 1 x 2 (2) 3.3.2 Natural disasters, e.g. floods and droughts in rural areas (2) Overgrazing rural areas (2) Poor farming methods rural areas (2) Low production rural areas (2) High production costs in rural areas (2) Lack of services rural areas (2) Mechanisation which led to fewer jobs rural areas (2) Low wages rural areas (2) Unsafe/farm killings rural areas (2) Lack of entertainment/boredom rural areas (2) More jobs in urban areas (2) Higher wages in urban areas (2) Better infrastructure in urban areas (2) Improved services in urban areas (2) Higher standard of living in urban areas (2) More entertainment in urban areas (2)

[Any ONE. Accept others. MUST qualify urban area for pull factors e.g. cannot only write more jobs]

1 x 2 (2) 3.3.3 Decrease in production (2) Less income from farming (2) Spending power reduced/businesses close down (2) Fewer investments made (2) Economy decreases/stagnates (2) Living standards decline (2) Provision of services deteriorate (2) Older people remain behind/ economically they are less productive (2) Could become ghost towns (2) Loss of skills/brain drain (2) [Any THREE. Accept other reasonable answers] 3 x 2 (6) 3.3.4 Developed (2) 1 x 2 (2)



3.3.5 Values, traditions and customs break down (2) Increase in substance abuse/prostitution etc./moral decay (2) Increase in levels of crime (2) Insufficient services (2) Increase in air (2) and noise (2) pollution Waste management becomes uncontrollable (2) Lack of housing leads to growth of informal settlements (2) Lack of purified water and sewage facilities lead to hygienic problems (2) Rapid spread of diseases (2) Traffic congestion (2) Commercial activities move to suburbs (2) Buildings deteriorate/fall in state of ill reparation (2) Vagrants/homeless move into buildings (2) More unemployment (2) Increases in informal trading (2) [ACCEPT POSITIVE IMPACTS] [Any SIX. Accept other reasonable answers] 6 x 2 (12) 3.4.1 Traffic congestion/traffic jams (2) Peak hour traffic (2) [Any ONE] 1 x 2 (2) 3.4.2 Does not see the problem starts with him/her, but rather blame someone else (2) Does not see that they are part of the problem (2) Drivers tired of being stuck in traffic (2) Negative emotions of people (2) [Any ONE] 1 x 2 (2) 3.4.3 Driver does not want to use public transport, but instead personal vehicle (2) Led to more vehicles on the road (2) Not prepared to solve problems (2) Intolerance/road rage/ frustrations (2) Do not want to change, but expect others to change (2) [Any TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 3.4.4 Noise pollution caused by sound of engines (2) Air pollution caused by fumes of vehicles (2) Odours released by fumes (2) Increase in greenhouse gases (2) Reduced visibility (2) Global warming (2) Acid rain (2) Climate change (2) [Any TWO] 2 x 2 (4)



3.4.5 Improve public transport (2) Rapid public transport system (2) Promote the use of lift clubs (2) Use park and ride facilities on outskirts of CBD (2) Encourage businesses to use flexi-time (2) Construction of ring roads (2) Synchronised traffic lights (2) One way streets (2) Traffic officers/point officers to regulate traffic during peak hours (2) Decentralisation of functions (2) Increase parking fees (2) [Any THREE. Accept other viable solutions] 3 x 2 (6) 3.5.1 Gross Domestic Product (2) 1 x 2 (2) 3.5.2 Impact of global economic downturn around 2008 (2) High levels of unemployment put pressure on governments to provide for the unemployed (2) Strikes reduce productivity and exports (2) Impact of HIV/Aids pandemic reduces the work force and productivity (2) Poverty/widening wealth gap results in crime/homeless people and more money must be spent to prevent these social issues (2) Changes/fluctuation in value of the rand (2) Poor policy development can adjust economic trends (2) Natural disasters (2) [Any THREE. Accept other reasonable answers] 3 x 2 (6) 3.5.3 CONTRIBUTION Generates money in the form of taxes (2) Many industrial products are exported (2) Foreign exchange is earned (2) Used to pay for imported products (2) Also used for developing the country (2) GROWTH Manufacturing provide/create jobs (2) Attract foreign investments (2) G8 and BRICS nations see potential for development (2) Provides an important market for the raw materials of the primary sector (2) Primary/tertiary/quaternary sector will grow (2) Finances available for infrastructure growth/development (2) IDZ development strengthens economic growth (2)

[Any SIX. Accept other reasonable answers. Must refer to both aspects at least once] 6 x 2 (12)



3.6.1 Modern industrial zones developed to attract export driven industries aimed at

economic development and development of skills (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 3.6.2 Coega (2) 1 x 2 (2) 3.6.3 To promote industrial growth (2) To improve infrastructure (2) To improve South Africa's position in the global market (2) To attract foreign/local investment (2) Earn foreign exchange by exporting processed goods (beneficiation) (2) Improve the quality of life of the people (2) Boost tourism (2) Skills development (2) Create jobs (2) Decentralise industries (2) [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4) 3.6.4 Tax reductions/rebates for some activities and products (2) Reduced costs when importing raw materials (2) Support in terms of innovation and research (2) Incentives such as subsidies (2) and reduced service costs (or examples) (2) Tax holidays (2) Government promote businesses/investors/industries in the area (2) Availability of industrial sites at cheaper rate (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4) 3.6.5 Employment opportunities (2) Provision of skills (2) Higher income (2) Improved standards of living (or examples) (2) Improved infrastructure and communication networks (2) Improved education and health services through social responsibility (2) [Any THREE. Accept other reasonable answers] 3 x 2 (6)

[100]



QUESTION 4 4.1.1 C (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.1.2 A (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.1.3 E (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.1.4 B (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.1.5 D (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.2.1 Trade (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.2.2 Imports (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.2.3 Balance of payment (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.2.4 Balance of trade (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.2.5 Positive trade balance (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.3.1 A person who enters a foreign country without the permission of government (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 4.3.2 Do not want to act/turn a blind eye/ignore illegal immigration (2) Not a priority issue (2) Focus is on the environment (2) Government is tired and annoyed by illegal immigrants (2) [ANY TWO. Judge candidate's interpretation of cartoon.] 2 x 2 (4) 4.3.3 They are seen as taking the jobs of locals (2) Illegal immigrants are associated with crime and drugs (2)

Examples of social ills (2) Provide competition to local businesses (2) They sell goods at a lower price (2) Conflict in townships (2) They have different customs and traditions (2) To prevent xenophobic attacks (2) Illegal immigrant exploited (2) Impact negatively on available resources (2) Impact negatively on service delivery (2) Negative impact on economy (2) Overcrowding (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other] 2 x 2 (4) 4.3.4 Political stability in South Africa (2) Political instability in other African countries (2) War and conflicts in other African countries (2) Lack of basic infrastructure in other African countries (2) Corrupt and dangerous government in other African countries (2) Religious conflict in other African countries (2) Inequality of land ownership in other African countries (2) Acute poverty in other African countries (2) Environmental hazards such as droughts and floods in other African countries (2) Lax immigration laws (2) Possibility of employment (2) Better income (2) Better standard of living or quality of life (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other] 2 x 2 (4)



4.4.1 South Africa (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.4.2 Lack of awareness (2) Poverty (2) Disempowerment of women (2) Tradition (2) Poor access to medical facilities (2) Low level of education (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4) 4.4.3 Awareness programmes/Educational programmes (2) Availability of medical facilities/services (2) Promote abstinence (2) Promote single partner relationships (2) Provide condoms (2) Educate/empower women (2) Access to anti-retrovirals (2) Promote testing (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other] 2 x 2 (4) 4.4.4 Increase in the projected deaths (2) This indicates that the existing programmes in place are not effective (2)

Advocacy programmes should be more rigorous (2) [EXAMPLES OF INEFFECTIVE PROGRAMMES] [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4)

4.4.5 ECONOMIC Reduced work force (2) Workers living with HIV/Aids get ill and stay away from work frequently (2) Reduced work productivity (2) Reduction in skills (2) Costly to retrain labourers (2) Head of household on farms cannot work and this results in shortage of farm products (2) Increased medical costs will impoverish (lead to poverty) families (2) Price of food rises (2) SOCIAL Children taken out of school to work on farms (2) Food insecurity becomes an issue (2) Child headed homes (2) Burden on the state to provide medical aid (2) Stigma associated with illness (2) Spread of diseases (2) Families losing income (2) Lead to isolation (2) [ACCEPT REFERENCE TO SETTLEMENT PATTERNS] [POSITIVE IMPACTS]

[ANY SIX. Accept other. Refer to social and economic impacts at least once] 6 x 2 (12)



4.5.1 Recognised, registered businesses/individuals that occupy permanent premises

and pay taxes (2) [Concept] 1 x 2 (2) 4.5.2 Labour regulations/laws (2) Avoiding taxes (2) Retrenchment/job losses (2)

[ANY TWO. Accept other] 2 x 2 (4) 4.5.3 Construction (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.5.4 Less tax/income for government (2) Government will have to lend money (2) Create burden on fiscal/budget (2) Economy will decline (2) [ANY ONE. Accept other] 1 x 2 (2) 4.5.5 Traders are frequently harassed by local authorities/goods confiscated (2) Banks are reluctant to grant loans to informal workers (2) Difficult for them to expand their trade into formal businesses (2) Traders borrow money from money lenders that charge high interest rates (2) Traders are always in debt and have no funds to improve their businesses (2) Hawkers do not have access to proper trading facilities (2) They are forced to trade on bare pavements (2) Informal traders are exposed to the elements of the weather such as rain and high temperatures (2) Informal traders do not have the skills and education required to enter the formal economy (2) No regulatory body to assist informal traders (2) Unstable/low/erratic income (2) Exposed to crime (2) [ANY THREE. Accept other] 3 x 2 (6) 4.6.1 Unfavourable (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.6.2 Lower the economy of SA/negative effect (2) 1 x 2 (2) 4.6.3 Trade between South Africa and China has increased over the years (2) The amount of imports and exports from and to China has progressively increased (2) The initial favourable balance of trade become unfavourable (2) Initially the gap between imports and exports was minimal but in recent years the gap has increased (2) [ANY TWO] 2 x 2 (4)

4.6.4 Increased trade agreements between the two countries (2) The two countries are part of the BRICS countries (2) South Africa exports unprocessed raw materials to China (2) South Africa imports processed goods from China (2) Industrial growth in China (2) More advanced technology in China (2) Stricter labour laws promote productivity in China (2) Cheap labour for mass production in China (2) Cheaper products available in China (2) Larger variety of goods produced in China (2) Fluctuating exchange rates (2) [ANY TWO. Accept other reasonable answers] 2 x 2 (4)


Copyright reserved

4.6.5 Advantages Foreign capital flows into the country (2) Boost the economy (2) Create jobs (2) Improve standard of living (2) Exchange of ideas and technology (2) Improving infrastructure and harbour facilities (2) Increased communication (2) More investments (2) Transfer of skills (2) Improve social, economic and environmental development (2) Cheaper goods (2) Variety of goods (2) Free trade increases (2) Disadvantages Capital flows out of the country (2) Slows down economic growth as local industries close down (2) Imported products cheaper (2) Local workers are retrenched/lose jobs (2) Standard of living decreases due to unemployment increase (2) Local business/industries cannot compete (2) Restrict development of local businesses (2) Exploitation of resources (2) More dependent on foreign investment (2) Greater power of Transnational/multinational companies (2) BRICS enforces trade relations/agreements (2) Trade relations with countries that allow forced labour/human rights abuses (2)

[ANY SIX. Accept other. Must refer to advantages and disadvantages at least once] 6 x 2 (12)

[100]

GRAND TOTAL: 300


o MARKS: 100

TIME: 1½ hours

EXAMINATION NUMBER:

CENTRE NUMBER:

This question paper consists of 10 pages and 1 page for rough work.

MARK SCORED Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTAL MARKER SENIOR MARKER CHIEF MARKER MODERATOR TOTAL 20 20 40 20 100

GEOGRAPHY P2

NOVEMBER 2013


GRADE 12



RESOURCE MATERIAL 1. 2. 3.

An extract from topographical map 2930CA MERRIVALE. Orthophoto map 2930CA5 MERRIVALE. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their

own use.

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Write your EXAMINATION NUMBER and CENTRE NUMBER in the spaces on the cover page. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are supplied with a 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2930CA of MERRIVALE and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. Do NOT detach this page from the question paper. Show ALL calculations and formulae, where applicable. Marks will be awarded for these. You may use a non-programmable calculator. The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map.

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Diggings Uitgrawings Caravan park Karavaanpark Sewage works Rioolwerke Golf course Gholfbaan Wetland Vlei



QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2930CA MERRIVALE, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) in the block next to each question.

1.1 The map reference of the topographical map east of Merrivale is ... A

B C D

2930AC. 2930AD. 2930CD. 2930CB.

1.2 The height of the Mount Ashley Farms Dam Wall in block C4 is … metres. A

B C D

1 080 1 100 1 120 1 140

1.3 The Mgeni (A4) is a/an … river. A

B C D

permanent periodic episodic exotic

1.4 The order of stream A as it leaves block A1 is … A

B C D

2nd order. 3rd order. 4th order. 5th order.

1.5 Slope 1–2 on the orthophoto map is … A

B C D

steep. concave. convex. gentle.

1.6 The man-made feature 3 on the orthophoto map is … A

B C D

an excavation. a reservoir. a dam. sewage works.



1.7 Route 103 to Howick West in block A11 is a/an … A

B C D

national road. main road. secondary road. other road.

1.8 Area 5 on the orthophoto map is a/an … A

B C D

sports facility. industry. station. school.

1.9 The main way of transporting water to the agricultural land in block C11 on

the topographical map is by means of …

A

B C D

wind pumps. pipelines. canals. furrows.

1.10 The position of the reservoir in block D9 on the topographical map is … A

B C D

30°11,6' S 29°33,5'E OR 30°11'36'' S 29°33'30''E 30°11,6' E 29°33,5'S OR 30°11'36'' E 29°33'30''S 29°33,6' S 30°11,6'E OR 29°33'35'' S 30°11'36''E 29°33,6' E 30°11,6'S OR 29°33'35'' E 30°11'36''S

(10 x 2) [20]



QUESTION 2: MAP CALCULATIONS AND INTERPRETATION 2.1 Refer to the topographical map and calculate the area of the space labelled

photographed area in km².

(5)

2.2 Refer to the reservoir in block D9 and trigonometrical station 156 in block E10

on the topographical map to answer the following questions. 2.2.1 Give the true bearing of the reservoir from trigonometrical

station 156.

(1)

2.2.2 Calculate the magnetic bearing of the reservoir from

trigonometrical station 156 for the year 2013.

(6)



2.3 Use the grid below to explain the index number 2930AC MERRIVALE of the

topographical map. 2.3.2 2.3.1 Identify each of the following in the grid above:

B A B

2.3.4 C D

B

D C

2.3.1 The line of latitude:

2.3.2 The line of longitude:

2.3.3

The big block letter:

2.3.4

The small block letter:

(4)

2.4 In which general direction would one be travelling to go from Merrivale to

Pietermaritzburg?

(1)

2.5 Refer to the rifle range in block D10. 2.5.1 Use the line scale to determine the approximate length of the rifle

range in metres.

(2)

2.5.2 State the approximate difference in height between the southern

and northern edge of the rifle range.

(1)

[20]

2.3.3

D C



QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 What evidence supports the statement that Merrivale receives seasonal

rainfall?

(2 x 2)

(4)

3.2 There is evidence of crop farming to the south of Merrivale on the

topographical map. State TWO factors that favoured the development of this type of farming.

(2 x 2)

(4)

3.3 The area shown on the topographical map is mainly covered by

woodlands/plantations.

3.3.1 With reference to the topographical map, state ONE way in which

these woodlands/plantations are protected from bush fires.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.3.2 Give ONE point of evidence from the map that these

woodlands/plantations are grown for commercial purposes.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.4 Refer to the Mgeni River in block B1/2.

3.4.1 Name the TWO fluvial features C and D along the Mgeni River channel in block B1/2.

C

D

(2 x 2)

(4)

3.4.2 Give ONE reason why feature C is useful to farmers.

(1 x 2)

(2) 3.5 Refer to the drainage pattern in block A1.

3.5.1 Identify the drainage pattern in block A1.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.5.2 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.5.1.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.5.3 State the rock type that is likely to be found underlying the drainage pattern in QUESTION 3.5.1.

(1 x 2)

(2)



3.6 Refer to the picture below of a typical settlement likely to be found at Shaywhen in block D6.

3.6.1 Is Shaywhen a rural or an urban settlement?

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.6.2 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.6.1.

(1 x 2)

(2) 3.7 Refer to land-use zone 10 on the orthophoto map.

3.7.1 Identify land-use zone 10.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.7.2 Describe TWO factors that have influenced the location of this land-use zone.

(2 x 2)

(4)

3.7.3 State ONE problem that the residents of the settlement next to 10

are likely to experience.

(1 x 2)

(2)

3.8 Find Mbubu in block F10. From a climatic point of view, Mbubu is situated

incorrectly. Explain this statement.

(2 x 2)

(4)

[40]



QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYTEMS (GIS) 4.1 With reference to spatial objects on the Merrivale topographical map, answer

the following questions.

4.1.1 Below is a photograph of a line object found in block B10. Name

the line object.

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.1.2 Identify ONE point feature in block D9.

(1 x 2)

(2) 4.2 Refer to the photograph of the Midmar Dam below and answer the questions

that follow.

4.2.1 What type of spatial object is the Midmar Dam?

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.2.2 Is the photograph a raster or a vector image?

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.2.3 GIS can be used to predict the amount of silt and fertiliser entering the dam by integrating different sources of information. What term is used to describe this process?

(1 x 2)

(2)


Copyright reserved

4.2.4 Explain why the clarity of the photograph of the Midmar Dam is poor.

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.2.5 What term is used to describe the process whereby all the data

about the Midmar Dam stored on the computer is analysed?

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.5 Answer the following questions on data layering:

4.5.1 What does the term data layering mean?

(1 x 2)

(2)

4.5.2 State TWO uses of data layering in a GIS.

(2 x 2)

(4)

[20]

TOTAL: 100

Geography/P2 DBE/November 2013 NSC

Copyright reserved

ROUGH WORK


MARKS: MARK OUT OF 96 AND CONVERT TO 100.

EXAMINATION NUMBER

CENTRE NUMBER

This memorandum consists of 12 pages.

MARK SCORED Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTAL MARKER SENIOR MARKER CHIEF MARKER MODERATOR TOTAL 20 20 36 20 96

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P2

NOVEMBER 2013

MEMORANDUM




RESOURCE MATERIAL 1. 2. 3.

An extract from topographical map 2930CA MERRIVALE. Orthophoto map 2930CA5 MERRIVALE. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their

own use.

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Write your EXAMINATION NUMBER and CENTRE NUMBER in the spaces on the cover page. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. You are supplied with a 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2930CA of MERRIVALE and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. Do NOT detach this page from the question paper. Show ALL calculations and formulae, where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this. You may use a non-programmable calculator. The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map.

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Diggings Uitgrawings Caravan park Karavaanpark Sewage works Rioolwerke Golf course Gholfbaan Wetland Vlei



QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS The questions below are based on the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2930CA MERRIVALE, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) in the block next to each question.

1.1 The map reference of the topographical map east of Merrivale is ... A

B C D

2930AC. 2930AD. 2930CD. 2930CB.

D

1.2 The height of the Mount Ashley Farms Dam wall in block C4 is … metres. A

B C D

1 080 1 100 1 120 1 140

A/B

1.3 The Mgeni (A4) is a/an … river. A

B C D

permanent periodic episodic exotic

A

1.4 The order of stream A as it leaves block A1 is … A

B C D

2nd order. 3rd order. 4th order. 5th order.

B

1.5 Slope 1–2 on the orthophoto map is … A

B C D

steep. concave. convex. gentle.

C

1.6 The man-made feature 3 on the orthophoto map is … A

B C D

an excavation. a reservoir. a dam. sewage works.

C



1.7 Route 103 to Howick West in block A11 is a/an … A

B C D

national road. main road. secondary road. other road.

B

1.8 Area 5 on the orthophoto map is a/an … A

B C D

sports facility. industry. station. school.

D

1.9 The main way of transporting water to the agricultural land in block C11 on

the topographical map is by means of …

A

B C D

wind pumps. pipelines. canals. furrows.

D

1.10 The position of the reservoir in block D9 on the topographical map is … A

B C D

30°11,6' S 29°33,5'E OR 30°11'36'' S 29°33'30''E 30°11,6' E 29°33,5'S OR 30°11'36'' E 29°33'30''S 29°33,6' S 30°11,6'E OR 29°33'35'' S 30°11'36''E 29°33,6' E 30°11,6'S OR 29°33'35'' E 30°11'36''S

C

(10 x 2)

[20]

QUESTION 2: MAP CALCULATIONS AND INTERPRETATION 2.1

Refer to the topographical map and calculate the area of the space labelled photographed area in km². ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAP Measurement range: length - 9,5 cm to 9,9 cm OR 95 mm to 99 mm breadth - 6,1 cm to 6,5 cm OR 61 mm to 65 mm Area = length x breadth (height x base) √ = (9,7 cm x 0,5) km √ x (6,3 cm x 0,5) km √ = 4,85 km x 3,15 km √ = 15,59 km² √ OR Area = length x breadth √ = (97 mm x 50 000) km √ x (63 mm x 50 000)km √ 1 000 000 1 000 000 = 4,85 km x 3,15 km √ = 15,27 km² √ [Range is 14,49 km² to 16,08 km²]

(5)



ON ORTHOPHOTO Measurement range: length: 42,5 cm to 42,9 cm OR 425 mm to 429 mm breadth: 32,1 cm to 32,5 cm OR 321 mm to 325 mm Area = length x breadth (height x base) √ = (42,7 cm x 0,1) km √ x (32,3 cm x 0,1) km √ = 4,27 km x 3,23 km √ = 13,79 km² √ OR Area = length x breadth √ = (427 mm x 10 000) km √ x (323 mm x 10 000 )km √ 1 000 000 1 000 000 = 4,27 km x 3,23 km √ = 13,77 km² √ [Range is 13,94 km² to 13,64 km²]

(5) 2.2 Refer to the reservoir in block D9 and trigonometrical station 156 in block E10

on the topographical map to answer the following questions.

2.2.1

2.2.2

Give the true bearing of the reservoir from trigonometrical station 156. 311° √ [Range: 309° to 313°] Calculate the magnetic bearing of the reservoir from trigonometrical station 156 for the year 2013. Difference in years = 2013 – 2002 = 11 years √ Total annual change = 11 x 12 'W = 132'W/2°12'W √ Magnetic declination = 22°42'W + √ 132'W/2°12'W = 24°54'W √ Magnetic bearing = 311° (309° to 313°) + 24°54'W/formula √ = 335°54'W √ [Range : 333°54'W to 337°54'W]

(1) (6)



2.3 Use the grid below to explain the index number 2930AC MERRIVALE of the

topographical map. 2.3.2 2.3.1 Identify each of the following in the grid above: 2.3.1 The line of latitude: 29 √ 2.3.2 The line of longitude: 30 √ 2.3.3 The big block letter: A √ 2.3.4 The small block letter: C √

B A B

2.3.4 C D

B

D C

(4) 2.4 In which general direction would one be travelling to go from Merrivale to

Pietermaritzburg? South east

(1)

2.5 Refer to the rifle range in block D10. 2.5.1

2.5.2

Use the line scale to determine the approximate length of the rifle range in metres. 850 m to 900 m √√ State the approximate difference in height between the southern and northern edge of the rifle range. 20 m √ [Range: 18 to 22]

(2) (1)

[20]

2.3.3

D C



QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 What evidence supports the statement that Merrivale receives seasonal

rainfall? There are a lot of dams/perennial waters on the map √√ There are a lot of non-perennial/periodic/episodic rivers √√ Furrows for irrigation/cultivated lands close to dams and rivers √√ Reservoirs √√ Windmills and windpumps √√ [Any TWO]

2x2 (4) 3.2 There is evidence of crop farming to the south of Merrivale on the

topographical map. State TWO factors that favoured the development of this type of farming. Good infrastructure (examples of)√√ Availability of water/irrigation (examples of )√√ Gentle slopes √√ Fertile/arable land √√ Availability of open farm land √√ Close to a market √√ Availability of labour √√ Situated on the north-facing side of the mountain/sunny side √√ [Any TWO]

2x2(4)

3.3 The area on the topographical map is mainly covered by

woodlands/plantations.

3.3.1

3.3.2

With reference to the topographical map, state ONE way in which these woodlands/plantations are protected against bush fires. There are lookout towers √√ Presence of firebreaks √√ The roads in the plantation prevent the spread of fires √√ Small dams/furrows/rivers in the forested areas [ANY ONE] √√ Give ONE point of evidence from the map that these woodlands/plantations are grown for commercial purposes. Many roads to transport wood √√ Provision of housing for labourers √√ Protective measures (examples) in place √√ Large area covered √√ Millpark/sawmill √√ Naming of plantations √√ [ANY ONE]

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)



3.4 Refer to the Mgeni River in block B1/2. 3.4.1

3.4.2

Name the TWO fluvial features C and D along the Mgeni River channel in block B1/2. C Flood plain/alluvial plain √√ D Meander/undercut slope √√ Give ONE reason why feature C is useful to farmers. Fertile soil/silt deposited from river √√ Flat land/gentle gradient √√ Close to river for water/irrigation √√ [ANY ONE]

2x2 (4) 1x2 (2)

3.5 Refer to the drainage pattern in block A1. 3.5.1

3.5.2 3.5.3

Identify the drainage pattern in block A1. Dendritic √√ Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.5.1. It has a shape of a branches of a tree √√ Tributaries join the main river at acute (small) angles √√ [ANY ONE] State the rock type that is likely to be found underlying the drainage pattern in QUESTION 3.5.1.

Igneous/horizontal sedimentary/metamorphic/uniform resistant √√

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)

3.6 Refer to the picture below of a typical settlement likely to be found at

Shaywhen in block D6.



3.6.1

3.6.2

Is Shaywhen a rural or an urban settlement? Rural √√ Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.6.1. Agriculture/farming/unifunctional is the main activity √√ No urban functions/services shown √√ Isolated/buildings far apart √√ [ANY ONE]

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2) 3.7 Refer to land-use zone 10 on the orthophoto map. 3.7.1

3.7.2

Identify land-use zone 10. Industrial zone/area/park/factories/manufacturing √√ Recreational zone √√ Rural-urban fringe √√ [ANY ONE] Describe TWO factors that have influenced the location of this land-use zone. For industries Open space/expansion √√ Closer to bulk transport routes √√ Access to the market √√ Located on flat land √√ Away from built-up areas√√ Close to labour √√ Access to cheaper land √√ [ANY TWO] For recreation Open space/expansion √√ Close to transport routes √√ Located on flat land √√ Away from built-up areas√√ Access to cheaper land √√ [ANY TWO] For rural-urban fringe On outskirts of settlement √√ Close to roads/accessibility √√ Located on flat land √√ Away from built-up areas √√ Open space/expansion √√ Access to cheaper land √√ [ANY TWO]

1x2 (2)

2x2 (4)



3.7.3

State ONE problem that the residents of the settlement next to 10 are likely to experience. Air pollution √√ Noise √√ Odours/bad smells √√ Constant passing by of large trucks √√ Respiratory problems √√ Acid rain √√ Traffic congestion √√ Litter √√ [ANY ONE. Accept other. Answer based on choice in Q3.7.1]

1x2 (2) 3.8 Find Mbubu in block F10. From a climatic point of view, Mbubu is situated

incorrectly. Explain this statement. IGNORE THIS QUESTION. MARK OUT OF 96 AND CONVERT TO 100.

[36] QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYTEMS (GIS) 4.1 With reference to spatial objects on the Merrivale topographical map, answer

the following questions.

4.1.1

4.1.2

Below is a picture of a line object found in block B10. Name the line object.

Windbreak/Line of trees/row of trees/other road √√ Identify ONE point feature in block D9. Spot height √√ Reservoir √√ Houses/building structures √√ [ANY ONE]

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)



4.2

Refer to the picture of the Midmar Dam below and answer the questions that follow.

4.2.1

4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5

What type of spatial object is the Midmar Dam? Polygon/area √√ Is the picture a raster or vector image? Raster √√ GIS can be used to predict the amount of silt and fertiliser entering the dam by integrating different sources of information. What is the term used to describe this process? Data integration/data layering/thematic layers √√ Explain why the clarity of the picture of the Midmar Dam is poor. Camera did not have a good resolution √√ Fewer pixels per photograph √√ [ANY ONE] What is the term used to describe the process whereby all the data about the Midmar dam stored on the computer is analysed? Data analysis/data manipulation/data processing √√

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)

1x2 (2)


Copyright reserved

4.5 Answer the following questions on data layering:

4.5.1 4.5.2

What does the term data layering mean? Maps showing different types of information are projected onto one another/placed on top of one another √√ [Concept] State TWO uses of data layering in a GIS. Different sets of data can be compared √√ Relationships between different sets of data can be established √√ Analysing different sets of information √√ Comparisons can assist with future developments √√ [ANY TWO. Accept other reasonable answers]

1x2 (2)

2x2 (4)

[20]

TOTAL: 100

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NATIONAL … · Agri culture, forestry and fishing . Manufacturing . 50...

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