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Transcript of National Museun of Man - download.e-bookshelf.de
National Museun of Man National Museums of Canada
Board of Trustees
Dr. Sean B. Murphy Juge Rene J . Marin M . Roger B . Hamel M r . Michael C . D . Hobbs M . Paul H . Leman M r . Richard M . H . Alway M r . Robert G . MacLeod M r . Alex Colville Ms Jane Thompson Edwards Dr. Bohdan Bociurkiw Mme Michelle Nolin-Raynauld M . Charles A . Lussier Dr. Larkin Kerwin
Musee national de l' Homme Musees nationaux du Canada
Conseil d'Administration
Chairman Vice-president Membre Member Membre Member Member Member Member Member Membre Membre (Ex officio) Member (Ex officio)
Mr. Ian C . Clark Secretary General Secretaire general
Dr. William E. Taylor, Jr. DirectorNational Museum of Man
DirecteurMusee national de l'Homme
A . McFadyen Clark ChiefCanadian Ethnology Service
ChefService canadien d'Ethnologie
Crown Copyright Reserved © Droits reserves au nom de la Couronne
N A T I O N A L M U S E U M O F M A N M E R C U R Y S E R I E S
MUSÉE N A T I O N A L D E L ' H O M M E C O L L E C T I O N M E R C U R E
I S S N 0 3 1 6 - 1 8 5 4
C A N A D I A N E T H N O L O G Y S E R V I C E
P A P E R N o . 7 5
L E S E R V I C E C A N A D I E N D ' E T H N O L O G I E
D O S S I E R N o . 7 5
I S S N 0 3 1 6 - 1 8 6 2
A P R A C T I C A L H E I L T S U K - E N G L I S H D I C T I O N A R Y w i t h a G r a m m a t i c a l I n t r o d u c t i o n
V o l u m e O n e
J O H N C . R A T H
N A T I O N A L M U S E U M S O F C A N A D A MUSÉES N A T I O N A U X D U C A N A D A
O T T A W A 1 9 8 1
OBJECT OF THE MERCURY SERIES
The Mercury Series i s a publication of the National
Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, designed to permit the
rapid dissemination of information pertaining to those disciplines
f o r which the National Museum of Man i s responsible.
I n the interests of making information available quickly,
normal production procedures have been abbreviated. As a r e s u l t ,
e d i t o r i a l errors may occur. Should that be the case, your indulgence
i s requested, bearing i n mind the object of the series. The opinions
expressed by the author do not necessarily r e f l e c t those of the
National Museum of Man or the Federal Government of Canada.
BUT DE LA COLLECTION MERCURE
La c o l l e c t i o n Mercure, publiéé par le Musée national de
l'Homme, Musées nationaux du Canada, a pour but de dif f u s e r rapidement
le résultat de travaux qui ont rapport aux disciplines pour lesquelles
le Musée national de l'Homme est responsable.
Pour assurer l a prompte d i s t r i b u t i o n des exemplaires
imprimés, on a abrégé les étapes de l'édition. En conséquence,
certaines erreurs de rédaction peuvent subsister dans les exemplaires
imprimés. Si cela se présentait dans les pages qui suivent, les
éditeurs réclament votre indulgence étant donné les o b j e c t i f s de l a
col l e c t i o n . Les opinions exprimées par l'auteur ne reflètent pas
nécessairement celles du Musée national de l'Homme ou du gouvernement
fédéral du Canada.
Cover I l l u s t r a t i o n : Prepared by Mr. David Gladstone, Bella Bella,
B r i t i s h Columbia.
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ABSTRACT
This dictionary contains approximately 9500 Heiltsuk entries which,
i n selected cases, feature grammatical dérivâtes and/or examples of usage i n
addition to t h e i r English glosses. I t i s p r i m a r i l y a reference work f o r the
teachers and students of Heiltsuk and the Heiltsuk p r a c t i c a l orthography i s
therefore used. A grammatical introduction i s included r e l a t i n g the
orthography to the phonetics and the phonemics of the language and o u t l i n i n g
the essentials of morphology and syntax.
Heiltsuk i s spoken i n the v i l l a g e s of Bella Bella and Klemtu, both
situated on B.C. coastal islands not f a r from Bella Coola and Ocean Falls.
I t i s one of the four North Wakashan languages, the others being Haisla
(spoken i n Kitimaat), Oowekyala ( i n Rivers I n l e t ) , and Kwakwala ( i n A l e r t
Bay, Port Hardy, and various settlements).
RESUME
Ce dictionnaire contient plus de 9500 mots de l a langue Heiltsuk et
leur version anglaise. En des cas spéciaux i l s sont présentés avec des
dérivés grammaticaux et/ou des exemples de leur usage. Le dictionnaire
contient une introduction grammaticale expliquant les données essentielles
de l a prononciation du Heiltsuk, a i n s i que les structures élémentaires des
mots et des phrases. Puisqu'il s'agit d'une oeuvre de référence pour les
enseignants et les étudiants de l a langue Heiltsuk, l'orthographe pratique
plutôt que l a tra n s c r i p t i o n phonémique a été employée.
La langue Heiltsuk est parlée à Bella Bella et à Klemtu, vi l l a g e s
situées sur l a côte occidentale du Canada. C'est une des quatre langues du
type Nord-Wakashan, les autres étant l e Haisla (parlé à Kitimaat), l e
Oowekyala (à Rivers I n l e t ) , et l e Kwakwala (à A l e r t Bay, Port Hardy, et
plusieurs autres v i l l e s et v i l l a g e s ) .
Les personnes désireuses de recevoir en français de plus amples
renseignements sur cette publication sont priées d'adresser leurs demandes
à: Service canadien d'Ethnologie, Musée national de l'Homme, Musées nationaux
du Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0M8.
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CONTENTS
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v i
PREFACE
Th i s work r e a l i z e s one o f the goals o f t h e H e i l t s u k
Language S t u d i e s Programme, which i s p a r t o f a number o f
n a t i v e c u l t u r e p r e s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t s i n s t i g a t e d by or c a r r i e d
out a t t h e H e i l t s u k C u l t u r a l E d u c a t i o n Centre i n B e l l a B e l l a ,
B r i t i s h Columbia. The i d e a o f a H e i l t s u k Language S t u d i e s
Programme dates back t o t h e time when Mr. C e c i l Reid, as C h i e f
C o u n c i l l o r o f t h e B e l l a B e l l a I n d i a n Band, f i r s t t r i e d t o
arouse s c h o l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n t h e H e i l t s u k language. As a
r e s u l t o f h i s e f f o r t s , Dr. F r i t s H. K o r t l a n d t , t h e n o f t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f Amsterdam, spent t h e summer o f 1972 i n B e l l a
B e l l a and Klemtu t o c o l l e c t l i n g u i s t i c d a t a . Dr. K o r t l a n d t ' s
work was c o n t i n u e d i n t h e summers of 1973 and 1974 by t h e
p r e s e n t w r i t e r who, a t t h e end o f t h e l a t t e r p e r i o d , was
i n v i t e d t o s t a y i n B e l l a B e l l a as r e s i d e n t l i n g u i s t . I n sub
sequent y e a r s , two l o c a l p e o p l e , Mrs. Evelyn Windsor and Mrs.
L i l l i a n Gladstone, became permanent c o o p e r a t o r s o f t h e H e i l t s u k
Language S t u d i e s Programme. They a s s i s t w i t h t h e a n a l y s i s o f
t h e language and take charge o f the t e a c h i n g o f t h e language
at t he l o c a l s c h o o l s . A l t h o u g h , i n 1977, t h i s w r i t e r stopped
b e i n g an employee o f the H e i l t s u k C u l t u r a l E d u c a t i o n Centre,
t h e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h Mrs. Windsor and Mrs. Gladstone, as w i t h
t h e Centre as a whole, has c o n t i n u e d .
The purpose o f t h i s work i s f i r s t o f a l l t o p r o v i d e
s p e l l i n g guidance when p r e p a r i n g H e i l t s u k lessons or t r a n
s c r i b i n g t a p e r e c o r d e d H e i l t s u k t e x t s . I t can i n a d d i t i o n serve
as a r e s o u r c e t o l e a r n e r s o f t h e language and, n o t l e a s t , t o
n a t i v e speakers who would l i k e t o l e a r n t o read and w r i t e t h e i r
v i i
language a t home. The H e i l t s u k p r a c t i c a l o r t h o g r a p h y i s used
t h r o u g h o u t . For t h e convenience o f t h e H e i l t s u k language
t e a c h e r s as w e l l as l i n g u i s t s i n g e n e r a l , a g r ammatical
i n t r o d u c t i o n i s i n c l u d e d which o u t l i n e s t h e s t r u c t u r e o f
H e i l t s u k .
The core o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n on H e i l t s u k s u p p l i e d i n
t h i s book stems from t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r c o n s u l t a n t s ( i n
a l p h a b e t i c o r d e r ) , Angus Campbell o f B e l l a B e l l a , W i l l i a m
Freeman (deceased) o f Klemtu, W i l l i e Gladstone (deceased)
and E l i Wallace (deceased), b o t h o f B e l l a B e l l a . For t h e
e l i c i t a t i o n o f d a t a , use was made, among o t h e r t h i n g s , o f
t h e v o c a b u l a r y a t t h e end o f Franz Boas' p u b l i c a t i o n B e l l a
B e l l a T exts ( 1 9 2 3 ) . Among th e many o t h e r persons a l s o con
s u l t e d from t i m e t o t i m e are W i l l i e Brown (deceased), B e a t r i c e
Brown, Hannah H a l l , Henry H a l l , Robert H a l l , John and Mable
H u m c h i t t , Edwin Hunt, Maggie Windsor, and M a r s h a l l Windsor,
a l l o f B e l l a B e l l a . A f t e r p r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s o f t h e d a t a ,
i n c l u d i n g s i m p l e t e x t s , much a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n was
o b t a i n e d by c h e c k i n g t h e e x i s t e n c e o f c o n j e c t u r e d words and
s i m p l e sentences. T h i s work, which s t a r t e d i n 1976 and c o n t i n
ues t o t h e p r e s e n t day, was done m o s t l y i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h
E l i W a l l a c e , E v e l y n Windsor, L i l l i a n Gladstone, Clarence
M a r t i n , and George Housty. The danger o f p r o m p t i n g , e s p e c i a l l y
when a l i s t o f items w i t h s i m i l a r s t r u c t u r e i s p r e s e n t e d , i s
t h a t i t may make the c o n s u l t a n t f o r g e t t h e d i f f e r e n c e between
th e r e c o g n i z a b i l i t y o f t h e meaning o f an i t e m and t h e a c t u a l
u s a b i l i t y o f t h e i t e m i n communication. I t i s t h e r e f o r e w o r t h
m e n t i o n i n g t h a t whenever p o s s i b l e a c o n j e c t u r e d i t e m was
checked w i t h s e v e r a l c o n s u l t a n t s . M u l t i p l e c h e c k i n g was a l s o
i m p e r a t i v e because t h e n a t i v e language o f one o f t h e c o n s u l
t a n t s , Mrs. E v e l y n Windsor, i s n o t H e i l t s u k b u t Oowekyala,
c l o s e l y r e l a t e d as t h e languages ar e . A l l c o n s u l t a n t s are
thanked most warmly f o r t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s and f o r t h e i r
p a t i e n c e and endurance i n the endless checkings.
Thanks are a l s o due t o Mrs. Norma Brown o f B e l l a B e l l a
who d i d a v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l e p a r t o f the t y p i n g o f the f i n a l
v e r s i o n o f t h e d i c t i o n a r y , t o t h e r e s e a r c h c o o r d i n a t o r and
a c t i n g a d m i n i s t r a t o r o f t h e H e i l t s u k C u l t u r a l E d u c a t i o n C e n t r e ,
Mrs. J e n n i f e r C a r p e n t e r , f o r her a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e s , r e a d i n g
t h e m a n u s c r i p t o f the d i c t i o n a r y , and many h e l p f u l s u g g e s t i o n s ,
t o my p a r t n e r i n the N o r t h Wakashan Comparative P r o j e c t , Dr.
N e v i l l e J. L i n c o l n (Simon Fraser U n i v e r s i t y ) f o r r e a d i n g t h e
m a n u s c r i p t o f the g rammatical i n t r o d u c t i o n , and t o Mr. I a n A.
Timmers f o r r e a d i n g the f i n a l v e r s i o n o f t h e l a t t e r . Both the
B e l l a B e l l a Band C o u n c i l , and the School Board and s u p e r v i s i n g
s t a f f o f the B e l l a B e l l a Community School are thanked f o r t h e i r
moral and o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s u p p o r t t o the H e i l t s u k Language S t u d i e s .
Last but n o t l e a s t , i t i s g r a t e f u l l y acknowledged t h a t
the f o l l o w i n g agencies have su b s e q u e n t l y g i v e n f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t
f o r t h e s tudy o f H e i l t s u k : the N e t h e r l a n d s O r g a n i z a t i o n f o r the
Advancement o f Pure Research (Z.W.O.), which made p o s s i b l e f i e l d -
work i n t h e summers o f 1972, 1973, and 1974; t h e B e l l a B e l l a
I n d i a n Band, which s u p p l i e d t h e means f o r c o n t i n u e d r e s e a r c h un
t i l 1978 and f o r the h i r i n g o f l o c a l s t a f f ; the N a t i o n a l Museum
of Man, Ottawa, which s u p p l i e d the s p e c i a l funds necessary f o r
t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h i s book.
John C. Rath
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PART I - GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION
2
3
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érate t h e name o f C e n t r a l Groups has been suggested; es
p e c i a l l y as f a r as the H e i l t s u k , Oowekyala, and H a i s l a
Wakashan speaking groups are concerned t h i s name p r o v i d e s
an a p p r o p r i a t e a l t e r n a t i v e t o the f r e q u e n t l y used b u t
m i s l e a d i n g name o f N o r t h e r n K w a k i u t l .
2. PHONETIC GUIDE
2.1 SPELLING UNITS
These s e c t i o n s e x p l a i n the H e i l t s u k p r a c t i c a l o r t h o g
raphy used i n t h e d i c t i o n a r y . The o r t h o g r a p h y uses l e t t e r s
and c o m b i n a t i o n s o f l e t t e r s o f t h e E n g l i s h a l p h a b e t . Hence
f o r w a r d these are r e f e r r e d t o as s p e l l i n g u n i t s and see s e c t i o n
2.5 on the r e l a t i o n s h i p between s p e l l i n g u n i t s and phonemes.
There are two groups o f s p e l l i n g u n i t s , l a b e l l e d "consonants"
and "vowels". These groups and t h e i r s u b d i v i s i o n s are p r e s e n t e d
i n t h e c h a r t s which f o l l o w . W i t h each s p e l l i n g u n i t t h e pronun
c i a t i o n i s i n d i c a t e d i n p h o n e t i c w r i t i n g between square
b r a c k e t s . The meaning o f t h e consonant symbols o f t h e p h o n e t i c
t r a n s c r i p t i o n can be seen from t h e a r t i c u l a t o r y d e t a i l s g i v e n
i n t h e c h a r t o f consonants. For t h e vowel symbols o f t h e phonet
i c t r a n s c r i p t i o n t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r t shows t h e i r approximate
p o s i t i o n s o f a r t i c u l a t i o n .
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