National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Safelab II Basic Biological Safety Robert O’Connor...
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Transcript of National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Safelab II Basic Biological Safety Robert O’Connor...
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Safelab IIBasic Biological Safety
Robert O’Connor Ph.D
DCU Biological Safety Advisor
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
What is biosafety?
Biosafety - safety measures taken with respect to the effects of biological research on humans, animals, plants and the environment
Keeping you and others safe from biological hazards and meeting statutory requirements
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Causes of biological diseases
All organisms (esp animals and humans) are incubators for disease-causing organisms
Viruses HIV, Hepatitis
Bacteria Tetanus, TB Toxins of bacteria – Tetanus toxin
Fungi Aspergillus, Candida Toxins of fungi (mycotoxins –aflatoxin)
Parasites Malaria (plasmodium)
Prions – CJD Infectious proteins Allergies – allergies to animal products
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Classification of biohazards
Biosafety level 1 Environmentally common, low individual and community
risk and are highly unlikely to cause disease in healthy workers or animals – E.Coli
BSL2 Hazardous only through unusual exposure, self limiting
disease, non-contagious and treatable – Anthrax, Candida, Hepatitis, HIV
BSL3 Known to cause serious human or animal disease, or which
can result in serious economic consequences but limited contagion- Avian Influenza, TB
BSL4 Fatal human or animal disease, untreatable, and very
contagious (Marburg, Ebola)
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Additional considerations
Certain practices –e.g. cultivation, may increase biosafety requirements
Aside from safety, some organisms require extra security precautions – bioterrorism
Ethical requirements for human material Transport Legislative/regulatory restrictions Disposal
Each BS level has mandated laboratory requirements Laboratory design Training PPE Security
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
How are we exposed to biohazards?
Contact with human products – inc blood, saliva, urine, tissue
Contact with Humans!! Contact with animals and their products – zoonoses &
allergies Contact with human/animal cells/microbes
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
How can these things cause disease
Organism must get onto/into body in sufficient amount and begin to grow
Mechanisms Ingestion Inhalation - aerosol Puncture wounds –needles/glass ware Direct contact Mucous membranes –esp eyes and nose
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Protective measures
Training and knowledge Facilities appropriate to hazard
Biosafety cabinets Sealed centrifuge rotors Containment
Appropriate labelled storage Good practice Never eating near samples/lab environment Appropriate vaccination (e.g. tetanus, hepatitis, TB) Avoid sharps Appropriate waste handling (labelling, autoclaving, incineration)
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Some standard lab points
Lab coat Wash hands before leaving Wear safety glasses –ALWAYS Cover cuts/abrasions Wear gloves where appropriate Have an appropriate spill containment/treatment
procedure Appropriate local and national/international transport
procedures
Don’t forget other hazards – chemical, physical etc.
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Legislation I
Biological safety is covered in general and specific terms in the Health and Safety at Work acts
These ascribe individual and “corporate” responsibilities.
Transport of samples covered by certain regulations University has general HSA authorisation for BSL1
Activities University has BSL2 approvals but additional
notification required Faculty - Biosafety overseen by Faculty Biological
Safety Committee
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
GMOs
GMOs- genetically modified organisms Animals, cells, bacteria and viruses which are
modified by some direct genetic means
Cell lines transfected or transduced Transgenic animals Genetically Modified Microbes (GMM)
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Legislation II
Any generation, use or storage of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is additionally covered by separate National and EU legislation
Overseen by EPA
BSL I Activities - general notification BSL II Require specific license BSL III Require special license. All GMOs must be stored in specific lab conditions,
inventory and stringent reporting conditions exist EPA frequently inspect
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Summary
Remember Always wear PPE Take active measures appropriate to the hazard – e.g.
vaccination Report any problems/exposure Inactivate hazardous material Bear in mind security, cleaners, couriers, colleagues
Caution if work with animals/animal products, humans, testing on animal/human products, cancer cells or microbes
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Some Relevant links
Vaccination policyhttp://www.dcu.ie/safety/policies.shtml
Faculty H&S informationhttp://www.dcu.ie/science_and_health/safety_info.shtml
EPA GMO info & legislationhttp://www.epa.ie/downloads/legislation/geneticallymodifiedorganismsgmo/
HSA guidance on biological agentshttp://www.hsa.ie/eng/FAQs/Biological_Agents/