National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NOAA’s GOES System: Status and...

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

NOAA’s GOES System: Status and Plans

G. Dittberner, J. Gurka, M. Crison, P. Mulligan,P. Taylor, J. Periera, and J. Yoe (NOAA/NESDIS)

MAXI Review 2001

Transition to the Future


1994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009

GOES-12

GOES-11

GOES-10

GOES-9

GOES-8

0 yr 0 mo

1 yr 4 mo

4 yr 4 mo

3 yr 2 mo

7 yr 4 mo

Storage Operational Beyond 5 years Full 5 years

GOES SatellitesCurrent Status as of 9/4/2001


GOES 12

Launched July 12, 2001Checkout to be complete: December 2001Same instruments as GOES 9-11 except:

13.3 micron channel replaces 12.0 6.7 micron resolution improved to 4 kmSolar X-Ray Imager (SXI)

1st continuous operational Solar X-Ray images4 X-Ray energy bandsImages as often as every few minutes


First Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) Image, September 7, 2001


GOES Launch Planning

Spacecraft Spacecraft Availability

Date

Planning Launch

Date

GOES-N Jan 2003 Jan 2003

GOES-O Apr 2004 Apr 2005

GOES-P Apr 2006 Apr 2007

GOES-R Apr 2010 Apr 2012


GOES Imager EvolutionGOES - QGOES - PGOES - OGOES - NGOES - MGOES - LGOES - 10GOES - 9GOES - 8Chan.

Vis

3.9

6.7

10.7

12

13.3

8 Km x 8 Km4 Km x 4 Km1 Km x 1 Km1 x 1 km 4 x 4 km 8 x 8 km

Figure 1. GOES Imager Channels


GOES infrared imagery animation of hurricane Mitch6:45 PM October 26 - 5:30 PM CST on October 27, 1998


The onset of La NinaJune 8 – September 8, 1998


GOES Sounder Lifted IndexGOES Sounder Lifted Index

July 24, 2000 severe July 24, 2000 severe weather outbreak across weather outbreak across South Dakota and South Dakota and Nebraska produces hail, Nebraska produces hail, tornadoes, flash flooding tornadoes, flash flooding and damaging windsand damaging winds Lifted Index Product Lifted Index Product

shows unstable air shows unstable air (brown) growing as it (brown) growing as it extends south to north extends south to north across the outbreak across the outbreak areaarea


GOES N-Q Status

Spacecraft (Boeing Space Systems, formerly Hughes) GOES-N Spacecraft

In system testing and preparation for thermal vacuum tests GOES-O spacecraft

Bus Module Integration and testing completed

Imagers and Sounders (ITT) GOES-N Imagers and Sounder received at BSS GOES-O Imagers and Sounder received at BSS GOES- P Imagers and Sounders in integration and testing

Solar X-Ray Imagers – SXI (LMATC) GOES-N SXI in environmental testing


GOES-R: ABI

12 channel large focal plane array.5 km VIS resolution2 km IR resolution15 minute full disk5 minute CONUS1000 x 1000 km/30 sec


GOES-R: ABS

5 times faster than present Sounder;Scan the region within 62 deg. of satellite zenith/ 1 hr

(but only scan half the region of overlap between the east and west birds)

Approaching radiosonde quality in clear areas10 km horizontal resolution1K, 10% RH accuracy/ .5km layer (sfc–500 hp)1K, 10% RH accuracy/ 1-2 km layer (500-300 hp)1K, 20% RH accuracy/1-2 km layer (300-100 hp)


GOES Users’ Conference

May 22 – 25, 2001Boulder, CO: NIST AuditoriumApproximately 200 participants

Government Commercial interestsAcademiaScientific organizationsInternational

Briefings and summaries at FTP site:ftp://140.90.233.11


GOES Users’ Conference

Goals:Inform users of future capabilities and applicationsDetermine user needs for:

New productsDistribution of GOES dataData archiving and access to stored data Instruments of opportunityAccess to sample data sets (prior to launch of next series)Future training

Assess user and societal benefitsImprove communication between NESDIS and users


GOES Users’ Conference Recommendations

At least 12 Imager channels, but preferably 14 needed to meet requirements of large user cross section

Full disk Imager coverage every 5 minutes4 km footprint needed for SounderRapid Scan option needed for SounderAlgorithm and product development need to be funded as

part of the satellite acquisition packageUsers’ need sample data sets prior to launchDifferent levels of data distribution neededCommunication between NESDIS and users must

continue


Long Range Integrated Satellite Transition

CY 99

00

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

03

08

09

10

01

02

07

04

05

06

Local Eq

uato

rial C

rossin

g T

ime

0730- 1030

0530

1330

DMSP

NPOESS

POES

Aqua

C2 or C1N’

F20

NPOESS

DMSP

POES

NPP

Terra

METOP

F16

N

M

F17 F19F15

F18

L (16)

WindSat

19

GEO

East

West

GIFTS

POLAR

Earliest Availability Need

GIFTS/IOMI

C3

NPOESS

NPOESS

C1 or C2

GOES – R Series

GOES – R Series

20 21

Inte

gra

ted

Syste

m


Enhance Operational Satellite Sensing Systems

Objective 1: Develop and implement a comprehensive process to identify, characterize, verify, and validate environmental satellite observation requirements

Outcome: An efficient, cost effective process which solicits, updates, documents and analyzes from a cost benefit perspective user requirements for application to the design of current and future satellite systems.


NOAA Missions

Mission Requirements

Summary Level Requirements

System Level Requirements

Potential System Solutions

Acquisition Requirements

Generic Requirements Flow


Observation-Specific Requirements Flow

Process Products People

LO/Agency Requirements

Documents

System ORDs

TRDs, Specs, etc

NOAA Requirements

Group

Individual AAs

Summary Level

Requirement Documents

Cost Benefit Studies NESDIS

NOAA Requirements

Council

Program Office

Collect&

Justify

Cost Benefit Analyses

Validate&

Approve

NOAA Missions

Mission Requirements

Observation Requirements

Satellite Obs Requirements

Atmosphere

Space

Ocean

Land

Cryosphere Potential System Solutions

System X Requirements

Other Missions

Other Missions

Other Missions

System X Acquisition Documents

Implement


Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL)

Global Winds are top unmet NPOESS EDR Current and Future Planned Wind Observations

Radiosondes, dropsondes, & radar wind profilers (+) Accurate; high vertical resolution (-) Limited in number, coverage, and horizontal resolution

Aircraft winds (ACARS) (+) Accurate (-) Limited to single height along flight paths

GOES image tracked winds (+) Excellent horizontal/temporal resolution (-) Coarse height resolution; associated height assignment errors

Expect improvement with GIFTS DWL best candidate to COMPLETE the wind observing system

(+) Expected to be provide accuracy, spatial resolution, and coverage (-) Lacks space heritage


To make DWL space ready Develop key components

Efficient Laser TransmitterOptical subsystemsDoppler Receiver

Heterodyne - detect aerosol motion; or

Direct - detect molecular motion

Possible DWL Missions Atmospheric Dynamics Mission

(ADM) scheduled for 2006 (ESA) Japan plans DWL on the ISS Global Tropospheric Wind

Sounder (USA) Being explored as a Data Buy NASA/NOAA Draft Threshold

Data Requirement to be completed September 30, 2001

Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) - Continued


Typical Orbits

Polar Satellites

Fairbanks,

Geostationary Satellites


Concepts for the Future

New OrbitsNon-typical orbits may provide potential opportunities to

meet unmet requirementsL1 orbits for space weather and communicationsMEO orbits for possible environmental sensingMolniya orbits for possible measurements during transits of near

Earth space

New concepts for cost avoidance and flexibilitySmall SatellitesClusters


Non-Keplerian Orbits The use of advanced propulsion permits orbital positions to be maintained in artificial Lagrange points.

Examples of these include the sub-Lagrangian points on the Sun-Earth line which are closer to the Sun than L1.

This allows increasing lead time in geomagnetic storm warning, and is the proposed orbit of the Geostorms mission.


Statites(Polar Stationary or Pole Sitters)

Sun

N

S

N

S

Summersolstice

Wintersolstice

L1

L1

Sail

Sail

Earth

Earth

Orbits are raised out of the place of the ecliptic so that the Earth’s polar regions are continually below (or above) in the satellites’ field of view.

Technologies required: advanced propulsion - 10s of km/sec/year acceleration are needed to keep on station.

Leading candidate is the solar sail – transfers momentum of solar photons into a propulsive force (continuous supply of fuel from the Sun).


9/27/00 8

ATC GOES System Architectures

Optional FFP/Ls for future technology insertion or other missions

FormationFlying Central Node(FFCN)

Intersatellite links for power and data

from 3/98 Aerospace Corp. Study

Consolidated Architecture

• Current Architecture• Multiple Critical payloads

per S/C

Distributed Architecture

• Future architecture option• One primary payload per S/C

- Imager- Infrared Sounder- Microwave Sounder

GOES West GOES East GOES West GOES EastGOES West GOES East

Imager and SounderPayloads(FFP/Ls)

Formation Flying (FF)or “Flexible”Architecture

GOES Flexible Architecture StudyRecommendation

Solar array


Summary

Where We Are… Present Geo satellites critical to weather forecasting GOES-R acquisition underway to meet future needs for:

Improved spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution

A NOAA-NASA team is now fine tuning requirements

Next Steps: beyond GOES R Enhance and unify requirements generation process Must satisfy requirements for broad cross section of user

community NOAA will consider alternative orbits such as:

Molniya, MEO, and non-Keplerian orbits

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