National Education Accounts
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Transcript of National Education Accounts
National Education AccountsTechnical Workshop -- January 25, 2013
Sandy Oleksy-Ojikutu, USAID,
Phyllis Forbes, Creative Associates
What Are National Education Accounts?
• Adapted from National Health Accounts
• Compare education expenditures to policy directions
• All sources of funding: public, private, donor
• Financing flow through education system
2
NEA Answers Four Key Questions:
1. Who is financing education?
2. How much do they spend?
3. How are funds distributed to education providers?
4. How are funds used?
3
4Nigeria SEA
Nigeria SEA
• Four States in Northern
states –Kano, Zamfara,
Bauchi and Sokoto
• Bauchi & Sokoto: two
rounds of SEA
• Similar cultures
• Different priorities
• Different expertise
Nigeria
+ Sub Account conducted on non-formal, Almajiri schools
5
Major Findings SEA
• Kano and Sokoto spent 29 and 26% of state budget on education
• Zamfara and Bauchi 17-18%. • Average per student expenditure was higher in
Sokoto than the other three states• 50% expenditures on primary school• About 20% private and 80% public sources 2005-
09, Bauchi was 43% private and 56% public in 2010
6
Significance of SEA
• Automated data base helps
• “Xray” for transparency and accountability
• Ability to compare – within State or between States
• Develop capacity of Ministry staff using evidence for decision making
• Speaks truth to power
7
Financing Sources - Percent Public, Private, Donor
8
State Contribution to Education Funding
Kano05/06
Zamfara06/07
Bauchi08/09
Sokoto09/10
in Billions of Naira
Total Expenditure on Education In State 27.2 21.2 35.4 33.7Total Expenditure on Education By State 14.5 8.5 14.7 18
Total State Expenditures 49.2 47.9 83.4 68.4 Percent Total State Expenditures Allocated to Education 29% 18% 17% 26%
9
Average Expenditures: All Students, Public School & Private School
ALL students Public school Private school0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Kano 05/06 9.4m Zamfara 06/07 3.3mBauchi 08/09 4.7m Sokoto 09/10 3.7m
Nai
ra
Population:10
Comparison: Financing Sources Bauchi
Private26%
Public74%
Bauchi SY 08/09
11
Public56%
Private42%
World2%
Bauchi SY 10/11
Changes in financing sources from first SEA in SY 08/09 to second SEA in SY 0-10/11
Financing Sources
Federal State LGA Household Private Rest (Int'l & donor)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kano 05/06
Zamfara 06/07
Bauchi 08/09
Sokoto 09/10 12
Distribution By Sectors
Capital In-vestment
Recurrent Personnel
Maintenance Transfer Recurrent Running
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kano 05/06 Zamfara 06/07 Bauchi 08/09 Sokoto 09/10
13
Distribution to Providers: Education Level
preprimary Primary Secondary Tertiary Admin0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Kano 05/06 Zamfara 06/07 Bauchi 08/09 Sokoto 09/1014
Distribution to Providers: Public School & Private Schools
15
Household Expenditures Compared Kano, Zamfara, Bauchi and Sokoto
Food
Transport
Uniforms
PTA
Books
School fees
Extra Classes
Other
Total
- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
Zamfara Kano bauchi Sokoto National
Expenditure in Naira
16
SEA: Sub Account Almajiri
• Qur’anic schools for young students, 1/3 are resident and 2/3 are fixed
• 1.6m students in Almajiri school in Kano vs. 2.m students in formal sector schools
• 50% non resident students were girls
• Parent contribution for Almajiri (N 2,800 per Almajiri student) slightly more than contribution to public schools (N 2,600)
• Salaries for teachers almost same as gifts to Almajiri (N114,143 for Imam vs. N151,145 mean primary teacher)
17
• NEA completed by State
• Supported by Nigerian TA team
• Struggle through local data
• Working groups work
• Adapted from NHA
• Data Base useful for planning
Nigeria SEA – Significant Elements
• Bauchi increased State input from 17% to 26% State budget
• Zamfara reassigned teachers to rural areas and improved schools for girls
• Kano transferred funds from construction to maintenance to improve more schools
• Sokoto Governor initiated school inspections
Impact of SEA in Nigeria
USAID Experience with NEA
• USAID has funded 8 Accounts– Morocco– Kano– Zamfara– El Salvador– Bauchi I– Sokoto I– Bauchi II– Sokoto II
20
• 4 Sub accounts– Kano Almajiri– Zamfara Almajiri\– Bauchi Almajiri– Sokoto Almajiri
Creative Associates has supported 11 of these studies,
RTI supported the El Salvador NEA
21
Morocco NEA – first pilot
• Parent contribution (33%) – very important for future policy changes
• Lowest quintile spent 70% non food funds on education• Poor spent on access (transport etc.) vs. rich spent on quality
(schools and books)• Private schools: 5% students uses 20% funds• Decentralization of budget but not implementation• Rural spent on sending children to school – transportation,
uniforms, food • Urban spent on quality of education – private school, books,
tutors
Major Findings Morocco NEA
USAID NEA Approach
• Built on National Health Accounts model
• Builds local capacity
• Works closely with government and stakeholders
• Institutionalization critical • Forward Planning capacity supports
institutionalization
• Many features developed to promote more capacity and skill transfers
23
• Just in time training
• State to state support
• Relational Data Base, Automated matrices and graphics
• Framework Document defines blue print and reinforces team work
• Data collectors and analysts from line offices
• Stakeholders and program directors involved
• Analytical workshop where data meets reality
• Report workshop to complete NEA
Significant NEA Features
Steering Committee
• Boundaries
• Policy
• Working
Group
Working Group
• Data
Map
• Analysis
• Final
Report
Core Data Group
• Data
collection
• Validation
• Analysis
NEA Organization
NEA Just-in-Time Training
Phase Training
Phase 1 - Local Buy in and organization
Orientation Framework (boundaries) Data mapping
Phase 2- Data Collection
Data collection (private, public & donor)Data entryValidation
Phase 3 - Analysis & Final Report
Data analysis Report Preparation
NEA Time Frame
27
Mon
th 1
Mon
th 2
Mon
th 3
Mon
th 4
Mon
th 5
Mon
th 6
Mon
th 8
Orientation
Final Report
FindingsData
Analysis
Data Validation
Data Collection
Framework
• Overview of Education System• Key Education Concerns/Issues• NEA Explained• Boundaries & Classifications • NEA Organization• Work Plan• Data Collection Plan• Evaluation Plan• Technical Assistance Plan
NEA Framework Document
ID Serial_no LGA__id Tframe_Id Sc_ID Ownership_Idnew Ownership_ID INS_id FS_id1 FS_id2 FS_id3
647Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue
648Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2007 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue
649Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue
650Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF
651Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF
652Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara 2007 (Jan - Dec) 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF
653Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 1Federal Govt ETF
654Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
655Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
656Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
657Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
658Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
659Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue
660Abdu Gusau Polytechnic T/Mafara State of Zamfara Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007 1Urban Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt Parastatal Revenue
415 Anka LGC State of Zamfara 2006 (Jan - Dec) 2Rural Public Public Secular 1Public Funds 2State Govt SMOF
NEA Data Base
Matrix 1: Sources of Education Financing Financing Sources Total Public Funds 27,963,967,474 Private Funds 7,288,754,499 Rest of World 1,338,173,550 Other 111,422,847 Grand Total 36,702,318,370
Matrix 1.1: Sources of Education Financing detailed by Source Financing Sources Financing Sources Total Public Funds Federal Govt 8,522,639,610 State Govt 18,317,000,748 Local Govt 1,124,327,116 Public Funds Total 27,963,967,474 Private Funds Household 5,922,844,104 NGO 166,266,837 Private Org 1,199,618,558 Faith Based 25,000 Private Funds Total 7,288,754,499 Rest of World International NGO 6,899,800 International Multilateral and Bilateral 1,331,273,750 International Religious and Charitable - Rest of World Total 1,338,173,550 Other 111,422,847 Grand Total 36,702,318,370
NEA Matrix