National Crude Oil Spill Research Site, Bemidji, Minnesota
Transcript of National Crude Oil Spill Research Site, Bemidji, Minnesota
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GROUNDWATER & ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES,INC.
Description of a Sinusoidal Slug Testing Device and Trial Testing in an Unconfined Aquifer
Don A. Lundy, PG – GES, Lilburn, GA John F. Dowd and Todd C. Rasmussen, UGA, Athens, GA
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Topics to Cover
Review of Sinusoidal Aquifer Tests
Sinusoidal Slug Test Device
Field Trail Testing
Data Analysis Method
Findings and Conclusions
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Sinusoidal Aquifer Tests
Tidal fluctuations > Shoreline is line source > Wave amplitude and lag
time used to estimate aquifer diffusivity (T/S)
Sinusoidal pumping
> Pumping and injecting water at sinusoidal rates
> Analytical soln. to estimate aquifer parameters (T & S)
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Set-up for Sinusoidal Pumping
Source: Rasmussen et. al. 2003
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Analytical Solution Solving the Flow Equation:
Source: Rasmussen et. al. 2003
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Analysis of Savannah River Tests Best-Fit of Steady-State Analytical Soln.
Source: Rasmussen et. al. 2003
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Best-Fit AQTESOLV– Theis (1935) Soln. at Observation Well 101D
Source: G. Duffield, 2010
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Transfer Sinusoidal Pumping to Slug Testing
Research Steps > Obtain Funding > Conceptual Design > Detailed Design > Construction > First Trial Test (EON
Products, Snellville) > Second Trial Test (Research
Site, Bemidji, MN) > Data Analysis for T & S > Validate Results against
Conventional Pumping Test
Sinusoidal Slug Tester
Grant Proposal
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First Trial for Equipment Functionality
4-inch well in Saprolite 5-ft by 3-inch diameter
slug Transducer in control well Water level response:
> Four oscillations > Peaks sharper than
troughs > Downward trend
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Second Trial Test at USGS Crude Oil Site
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North Pool Hydrogeologic Cross Section 2cd Trial Test Wells
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Equipment Set-up at the Bemidji Site
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Transducer Responses
• Wave shape imperfections at control well filtered.
• Amplitudes diminish with distance. • Background fluctuations large
relative to obs. well responses. • Lag times small. • Waves propagate quickly.
Observations:
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Conversion of Slug Movement to Q Rates
Arm rotation moves slug Insertion = Injection Withdrawal = Pumping Constant angular velocity Equal θ change per time step Wire cable length change is
sinusoidal Q rates based on slug length
changes with time
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Calculating Pumping/Injection Q Rates
Model slug movement Calculate changes in
leader wire length Known: slug length and
diameter Changes in cylindrical
volume/time = Q-rates But…
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Imperfect Sine Waves at the Control Well Cause:
> Slug submergence into rising water level
> Slug emergence from falling water level
Solution: > Determine when these
happen > Assign zero Q rates
If it is periodic, wave doesn’t need to have a perfect shape.
Trial test data at control well 531A.
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Data Analysis with AQTESOLV
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Comparison to USGS Pumping Test Results
Sinusoidal Slugger > 531A, 9205A, 9205B > Ave. Trans. = 14,810 ft2/d > Ave. Storativity = 1.56E-03
Conventional Pumping > 501, 505, 506, 507 > Ave. Trans. = 13,425 ft2/d > Ave. Storativity = 1.84E-03
Agreement of Results > Ave. Trans. within ~10% > Ave. Storage within ~16%
Printout for pumping well 501.
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Data Analysis Findings for the Control Well Modeling slug movement relative to pretest static
water level gives first-approximation of Q rates. Sine waves at the control well will have slightly
distorted shapes, i.e. imperfections. Imperfections are understood by comparing slug
movement to recorded water-level changes. Zero Q rate occurs when the slug moves completely
below or out of the water column. With distance, the aquifer filters the imperfections,
but the Q rates should still account for them in the analysis phase.
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Data Analysis Findings for the Observation Wells
Distance from control well should be limited. Water-level trends should be removed by analyst. Speed of propagating waves are consistent with
confined aquifer behavior. Confined aquifer solutions can estimate aquifer
parameters (T and S values). Partial penetration of the aquifer allows for
estimating Kv/Kh ratio.
Directional transmissivities can be obtained.
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Sinusoidal Slug Test Conclusions
Observation wells must be located near control well. Provides comparable results to conventional 24-hour
pumping tests. No need to store, treat, haul, or dispose of
contaminated groundwater. Equipment set-up and take-down: ~ 0.5 – 1.5 hr. Duration of test: 10 to 20 min. Analysis can be made with existing commercial
software.
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GROUNDWATER & ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES,INC.
Practical Solutions. Sustainable Results.
Thank you.
LAND AIR WATER ENERGY