National Bureau of Economic Research | NBER...1975 501 8480 16.93 1980 529 8819 16.67 1985 541 8943...
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Table 1. The primary and secondary student-teacher ratio in selected industrialized countries.
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Austria 21.07a
21.08 20.83 13.05 9.19
Canada 28.57 24.99 20.92 15.73b
14.63
Finland 24.67 23.35a
20.13 15.61 .
France 27.98a
26.14 20.00 20.69 13.70
Ireland 33.58 29.70 24.62 20.53 20.26
Italy 23.54 18.16 16.47 13.19 10.06
Japanc
31.15 27.78 21.81 20.75 18.35
Netherlands 30.83 29.12 23.31 19.28 15.98b
Norway 24.30d
19.07 15.60 14.02 11.07
United States 25.94 24.71e
20.77 16.90 15.40f
Sources: UNESCO (1966), UNESCO (1985), and UNESCO (1994).aData point from 1955.
bData point from 1985.
cEstimate includes students and teachers in vocational education.
dEstimate includes students and teachers in public vocational education.
eData point from 1963.
fData from Hanushek and Rivkin (1996).
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Table 2. The student-teacher ratio in US higher education.
FTE Facultya
FTE Studentsa
Ratio of FTE Students
(1000s) (1000s) to FTE Facultya
1960 202 2954 14.621965 316 4671 14.781970 402 6737 16.761975 501 8480 16.931980 529 8819 16.671985 541 8943 16.53
1990b
629 9984 15.87
1995b
665 10286 15.47SOURCES: 1990-5 data are from Andersen (1998). Allother data are from Andersen et al (1989).a"FTE" stands for Full-Time Equivalent.
bDue to revised survey methods, data after 1985 are not
strictly comparable to earlier years.
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Table 3. Regression estimates of teacher quality.a
Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-StatYears of Schooling 0.09 8.06 0.18 7.48 0.09 8.17 0.18 7.76 0.09 8.15 0.18 7.73
Exp5_10b
0.46 152 0.39 112 0.46 152 0.40 113 0.45 154 0.36 113
Exp10_15b
0.69 165 0.47 86.6 0.69 167 0.47 88 0.68 165 0.45 84
Exp15_20b
0.81 168 0.51 79.8 0.81 169 0.51 82 0.81 167 0.49 77
Exp20_25b
0.94 143 0.60 69.2 0.94 144 0.60 70 0.93 142 0.57 66
Exp25_30b
0.99 134 0.65 66.2 0.99 136 0.66 70 0.98 133 0.62 63
Exp30_b
0.97 99.6 0.68 52.4 0.98 103 0.70 58 0.96 99 0.64 49
Chbornc
. . -0.07 -67.0 . . -0.07 -67 . . -0.07 -67
Tch*Chbornc
. . 0.03 12.4 . . 0.03 13 . . 0.02 11
Tch*Exp Dummiesd
Tch*Period DummiesR-SquaredObservationsaThe dependent variable is the log wage. All equations include Cohort, Teacher, Teacher*Cohort, and Period dummies.
bThe variable ExpX_Y represents a dummy variable for a worker with experience in the interval [X,Y).
cChborn represents the number of children a female worker has ever born.
dThe row reports the experience intervals for which Tch*Exp dummies are included.
5_10, 10_15, 15_20, 20_
492971688326 492971688326492971688326
Females
10_15, 15_20, 20_25, 25_30, 30_All
0.6506 0.6401 0.6507 0.6404 0.6505 0.6402None
Females
AllAll
Upper BoundMales
Perfectly ElasticMales Females
Lower BoundMales
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Table 4. Regression estimates of professor quality.a
Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-Stat Coeff T-StatYears of Schooling 0.08 6.67 0.14 5.58 0.08 6.76 0.14 5.74
Exp5_10b
0.46 151 0.39 112 0.45 153 0.36 112
Exp10_15b
0.69 163 0.47 85 0.68 163 0.44 83
Exp15_20b
0.81 166 0.50 79 0.81 166 0.48 76
Exp20_25b
0.94 140 0.60 68 0.93 140 0.57 65
Exp25_30b
0.99 132 0.64 65 0.98 132 0.61 62
Exp30_b
0.97 98 0.68 51 0.96 98 0.63 48
Chbornc
. . -0.07 -66 . . -0.07 -66
Tch*Chbornc
. . 0.03 12 . . 0.02 11
Prf*Chbornc
. . 0.02 1.85 . . 0.01 1.74
Tch*Exp Dummiesd
Prf*Exp Dummiesd
Tch*Period DummiesPrf*Period DummiesR-SquaredObservationsaThe dependent variable is the log wage. All equations include Teacher and Professor
dummies, Teacher*Cohort dummies, Professor*Cohort dummies, Cohort, andPeriod dummies.bThe variable ExpX_Y is one for a worker with experience in [X,Y).
cChborn represents the number of children a female worker has ever born.
dThe row reports the experience intervals for which Tch*Exp dummies are included.
0.6516688805
0.6411493395
0.6517688805
0.6411493395
Perfectly Elastic Lower BoundMales Females Males Females
All
All
None
10_15, 15_20, 20_25, 25_30, 30_
5_10, 10_15, 15_20, 20_25, 25_
AllNone All