SESSION 12

• GLF Discussion Forum: National Adaptation

Plans (NAPs) --Opportunities for cross-sector

synergies in the nexus between water, food

security, forests and energy

NAP LEARNING WORKSHOP

NAP SIDE EVENT

Planning climate adaptation in agriculture:

Meta-synthesis of national adaptation plans in West and East Africa and South Asia

Gabrielle Kissinger, Donna Lee, Victor Orindi

1 Policy overview

NAPs and Agriculture: A learning workshop

• National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) established in 2010 by the UNFCCC to help facilitate effective medium- and long-term adaptation planning and implementation in developing countries, in particular Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1)

• Adaptation Committee est. under Cancun Adaptation Framework promote the implementation of enhanced action on adaptation. Special attention paid to facilitation of NAPs by non-LDC developing country Parties. Will contribute to, and not duplicate work of the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) to support LDC national adaptation plan processes and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) on the work programme concerning loss and damage.

• LEG Technical Guidelines for NAPs.

NAPAs and NAPs

Source: Kissinger, G. and T. Namgyel, 2013. NAPAs and NAPS in Least Developed Countries. IIED LDC Paper Series.

Multiple sectors: finding adaptation solutions

AgricultureForestryWaterUrban/municipalTransportationEnergyLivelihoods

World Bank: Economics of Impacts of Climate Change (EACC) in Ethiopia

Inter-sectoral analysis (agriculture, roads and hydropower) under climate change scenarios: • Agriculture at greater risk than hydropower. • If priority given to hydropower, up to a

billion cubic meters of water might be taken away from irrigated agriculture, causing a 30–40% yield drop across 250,000 hectares that would be forced to revert to rainfed conditions.

Strategy design/implementation

Integration with development and agric sector plans

• Structural and institutional issues: Agency mandates, capacity,

• Integrated adaptation assessments and integrated action plans

• How to strategically place adaptation priorities within the broader national policy framework?

• Align and mainstream into national development or sector plans …and leverage donor funds for ‘additional’

Adaptation plan implementation and funding

• Implementation funding: from?

• Timeline for implementation of activities, including review

• Iteratively assess conflicts and synergies with national development or sectoral plans

• Engage monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system early: initial focus on process elements not outcomes…occur at all scales and involve stakeholders.

NAP finance

GEF Council support for NAP processes through LDCF and SCCF

PlanningPrepatory activitiesImplementation*

* GEF Council support for these activities unclear at this time

Stakeholder engagement

Capacity building

National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and agriculture: A learning workshop

Key agencies to facilitate NAP integration and cross-sector planning

NAP Barriers

NAPs and Agriculture: A learning workshop

Thank you!

Gabrielle KissingerPrincipal, Lexeme Consulting

gabrielle@lexemeconsulting.com

Kenya’s National Adaptation Planning

S M King’uyuClimate Change Secretariat

Ministry of Environment, Water & Natural Resources, Kenyastephen.kinguyu@gmail.com/www.kccap.info

NAPs: Cross-sector synergies in the nexus between water, food security, forests and energy

University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Multi-stakeholder approach

NCCAP

MwananchiPrivateSector

Academia

GoKCSOs

Media

DevelopmentPartners

Stakeholders are: Like fish: You catch them at their own terms, not on the fisher’s terms! Like eggs: You handle them with care! We must speak their language!

Nexus indeed!

Ghana Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Planning Process – The

Akropong Approach

Delali Kofi Nutsukpo, MoFA, Dr. C Dzomorozo, CSIR-ARI and

Daniel T. Benefor, EPA

Introduction

• To effectively address the nexus of food security, water, forest

and energy within a landscapes context requires effective

planning

• Such a planning process should be multi-sectoral and

iterative involving multi stakeholders

• The process approach for developing Ghana’s NCCS

provides an opportunity

Planning Process

• The integration of individual sectoral adaptation options in national

development can be challenging as they can not be considered in

isolation.

• Under the NCCS process sectoral experts was assembled to

select from a list of adaptation (75) options across the various

climate vulnerable sectors that were assessed.

Planning Process

• The proposed adaptation options were harmonised across sectors

using qualitative and quantitative analysis.

• An impact planning and methodological analysis tool was used to

assess inter-relationships between the sectoral options, and to

identify both synergies and conflicts

The Planning Process

• The multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was used to evaluate and rank the

options for selection.

• Selected adaptation options clearly highlighted the synergies and

conflicts between the various options

• Result was further subjected to wider stakeholder MCA analysis for

review and endorsement.

The Planning Process

• The revised adaptation programmes were further harmonised

based on ecosystem and programmatic approach.

• This resulted in 10 cross sectoral adaptation programmes

Priority Adaptation programmes

Item Titles of Adaptation Programmes

1. Increasing resilience to climate change impacts: identifying and enhancing early warning systems

2. Alternative livelihoods: minimizing impacts of climate change for the poor and vulnerable

3. Enhance national capacity to adapt to climate change through improved land use management

4. Adapting to climate change through enhanced research and awareness creation

5. Development and implementation of environmental sanitation strategies to adapt to climate change

6. Managing water resources as climate change adaptation to enhance productivity and livelihoods

7. Minimizing climate change impacts on socio-economic development through agricultural diversification

8. Minimizing climate change impacts human health through improved access to healthcare

9. Demand- and supply-side measures for adapting the national energy system to impacts of climate change

10. Adaptation to climate change: sustaining livelihoods through enhanced fisheries resource management

The Approach

• The tool was developed as part of the NCCAS E. Kemp-Benedict

and W. K. Agyemang-Bonsu and later became known as the

“Akropong Approach” – town in which it was developed and used

INDIANational Initiatives for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

J P Mishra Adviser (Agriculture)

Planning Commission, Govt. of India

Discussion Forum 12: National Adaptation Plans : Opportunities for Cross Sector Synergies In The Nexus

Between Water, Food Security, Forests and Energy

Mainstreaming NAPs in Development Plans• India has succeeded in drafting the National Action Plan and

eight National Missions with strong focus on adaptation; envisages mainstreaming adaptation in the developmental planning.

• • Launching of the National Initiative on Climate Resilient

Agriculture (NICRA) for research and National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) for development both of which are key for implementing the national adaptation plans in agriculture.

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Integrated Watershed Development Programme (IWMP) both of which have strong component of environmental services, climate change adaptation and livelihood support

National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture• Components:

• Strategic Research

• Technology Demonstration

• Capacity Building

• Process:

• Assessment for vulnerability to climatic stresses and extreme events

• Identify specific suite of technology module

• Intervention with whole village approach

• Product:

• 150 Climate Smart Village in most vulnerable districts

• 150 CSVs developed in as many districts

• The vision is to have all these villages comply with Climate Smart

Practices:

• Utilization of complete water harvesting potential

• Mandatory groundwater recharge structures

• Energy efficient pumps for water lifting

• Water saving rice cultivation practices

• Greening of wastelands with tree cover

• Livestock feeding, shelter and manure

management

Climate Smart Villages

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

04/11/2023 34

•Outlay for XII Five Year Plan: US$ 2000 million •Key deliverable

• Development of rainfed agriculture-productivity, food security with sustainability

•Programmatic interventions: • Efficient water application tools (about

65% of total outlay)• Water conservation/harvesting• Integrated farming in watershed plus

approach• Capacity building (>5% of total allocation)