National 5 Exam Questions - Cathkin High School

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Modern Studies National 5 Exam Questions

Name:

Knowledge and Understanding

Revision Booklet

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Crime and the Law

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Previous exam question:

Describe, in detail, how police try to reduce crime levels in Scotland. (6 marks)

New exam question layout:

Describe, in detail, 2 ways the police try to reduce crime levels in Scotland. (6 marks)

Some KU questions will be worth 6 marks, you will have to: write about 2 points, each

with an explanation and example to support. For KU questions that are worth 8

marks, you will have to write about 3 points, each with an explanation and an example

to support. (This is why the question is asking you to explain in detail.)

Example Paragraph

Point: Identify Role

The police are present at large public events where there could be disturbances with

large crowds, they act as a deterrent to crime. (P)

Explain: Go into more detail on this aspect of their role

They are present at football matches to separate rival fans from fighting and colliding

with each other in stadiums. (Exp)

Example: Refer to an example

For example, the police will be present at the Scotland vs England football match at

Hampden stadium in November 2016. (Exa)

The police are present at large public events where there could be disturbances with

large crowds; they act as a deterrent to crime. (P) They are present at football

matches to separate rival fans from fighting and colliding with each other in stadiums.

(Exp) For example, the police will be present at the Scotland vs England football

match at Hampden stadium in November 2016 to prevent any potential clashes between

the fans. (Exa) 3 marks

For a 6 mark question, you would have to write another paragraph like the one above.

Read the following questions and write information into the boxes with knowledge of

what you would write about for each question. Prepare 3 points, explanations and

examples so you are prepared for all questions i.e. if worth 6 marks = 2 rows of boxes;

8 marks = 3 rows of boxes. (Any question could be worth 8 marks)

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1. Describe, in detail, the types of crime most commonly committed by young people.

Point Explanation Example

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2. Explain, in detail, the causes of crime / why some people commit crime.


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3. Describe, in detail, the ways the police try to reduce crime levels.


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3.

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4. Describe, in detail, the adult courts in Scotland.


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5. Describe, in detail, the sentences criminal courts in Scotland can give to offenders.


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3.

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6. Explain, in detail, why some people think prison is the most suitable punishment for

some offenders, while for others it is less suitable.


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2.

3.

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7. Explain, in detail, why Scottish courts often use alternative punishments to prison

when dealing with offenders.


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2.

3.

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8. Explain, in detail, the consequences of crime. (On individuals / families, communities,

and wider society)


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2.

3.

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9. Describe, in detail, the ways the Children’s Hearing System can help young people in

Scotland.


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2.

3.

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10. a. Describe, in detail, the responses to crime.

(e.g. from individuals, local community, the police, the legal system (courts) and

government legislation including role of Children’s Hearing system)

10. b. Describe, in detail, the ways the Government have tried to tackle / reduce crime.


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2.

3.

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Democracy in Scotland

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Previous exam question:

Describe, in detail, the services provided by councils in Scotland. (6 marks)

New exam question layout:

Describe, in detail, 2 services provided by councils in Scotland. (6 marks)

Some KU questions will be worth 6 marks, you will have to: write 2 points, each with

an explanation and example to support. For KU questions that are worth 8 marks, you

will have to write about 3 points, each with an explanation and an example to

support. (This is why the question is asking you to explain in detail.)

Example answer

Paragraph 1

One service provided by councils is schools. (1 mark – Point) Local councils provide

nursery, primary and secondary schools which educate all the children in the local

authority. Councils provide funding for resources such as projectors and computers and

employ teachers and other staff. (1 mark – Explain) For example, since 2007, South

Lanarkshire council have refurbished or entirely rebuilt all of its 17 secondary schools

to be more modern, including the new Cathkin High building in 2008. (1 mark –

Example)

Paragraph 2

Councils also provide recreation services. (1 mark – Point) These include museums, art

galleries, leisure centres, gyms, sporting facilities and swimming pools to give people in

the council opportunities to enjoy cultural services and get fit at reasonable cost. (1

mark – Explain) For instance, Hamilton water palace is a South Lanarkshire council run

swimming pool where people can pay £5 for a day of swimming with cheaper costs for

children and pensioners. (1 mark – Example) 6/6

Point Explanation Example 1. One service provided by councils is schools.

Local councils provide nursery, primary and secondary schools which educate all the children in the local authority. Councils provide funding for resources such as projectors and computers and employ teachers and other staff.

For example, since 2007, South Lanarkshire council have refurbished or entirely rebuilt all of its 17 secondary schools to be more modern, including the new Cathkin High building in 2008.

2. Councils also provide recreation services.

These include museums, art galleries, leisure centres, gyms, sporting facilities and swimming pools to give people in the council opportunities to enjoy cultural services and get fit at reasonable cost.

For instance, Hamilton water palace is a South Lanarkshire council run swimming pool where people can pay £5 for a day of swimming with cheaper costs for children and pensioners.

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1. Describe, in detail, the services provided by local councils in Scotland.


1.

Councils provide

primary and

secondary

education.

Councils fund the building of schools,

the resources within schools such as

computers and projectors, and they pay

the wages of staff including teachers,

janitors and librarians.

(1) The 32 councils across Scotland are

cutting their budgets at the moment and

some cuts are coming in education.

Cathkin High school, a South Lanarkshire

council school, has had to let its full time

librarian go due to budget cuts meaning

pupils cannot always access the computers

in the library.

(2) SLC have also had to limit the number

of pupils who are given council transport

to school, meaning some parents may have

to take time off work to drive their

children to school or else some pupils have

to walk a long way to school.

2.

Councils provide

local leisure

facilities

Councils provide leisure centres,

swimming pools and gyms. If they fund

more of them or give discounted rates

to some people this can give more

people opportunities to exercise and

lead healthy lives but if they cut these

services or make them more expensive

it can make it more difficult for people

to stay fit.

South Lanarkshire Council give discounted

rates for entry to its leisure facilities

such as Hamilton Water Palace to over

60s, affecting elderly people as it lets

them swim and stay healthy for fairly

cheap.

3.

Councils provide

environmental

protection.

Councils are responsible for

environmental health and provide

services such as bins for houses, clean

water and sewage facilities, keeping

the area clean. Councils issue different

coloured bins for different types of

waste to help with recycling. They also

decide how often bins should be

collected and emptied.

Recently South Lanarkshire announced

that they would only collect general waste

bins monthly instead of every 2 weeks

that it used to be due to budget cuts.

This affects people’s lives as it means

they may have to be more careful with

how much rubbish they go through or else

dispose of some of their own rubbish in

skips or dumps.

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2. Describe, in detail, the ways in which decisions made about local services by councils

can affect the lives of people in Scotland.


1.

Council decisions

about education

affect school pupils and parents

Councils fund the building of

schools, the resources within

schools such as computers and

projectors, and they pay the

wages of staff including teachers,

janitors and librarians. If councils

cut education funding, this could

mean they cannot employ as many

teachers, meaning larger class

sizes which is damaging for

education as pupils are not getting

as much teaching time, or there

could be fewer resources.

(1) The 32 councils across Scotland are

cutting their budgets at the moment and

some cuts are coming in education. Catkin

High school, a South Lanarkshire council

school, has had to let its full time librarian

go due to budget cuts meaning pupils cannot

always access the computers in the library.

(2) SLC have also had to limit the number of

pupils who are given council transport to

school, meaning some parents may have to

take time off work to drive their children to

school or else some pupils have to walk a

long way to school.

2.

Council decisions

about council

run leisure

facilities

affects people who use them.

Councils provide leisure centres,

swimming pools and gyms. If they

fund more of them or give

discounted rates to some people

this can give more people

opportunities to exercise and lead

healthy lives but if they cut these

services or make them more

expensive it can make it more

difficult for people to stay fit.

South Lanarkshire council give discounted

rats for entry to its leisure facilities such

as Hamilton Water Palace to over 60s,

affecting elderly people as it lets them swim

and stay healthy for fairly cheap.

3. Council

decisions about

environmental

protection

affect all people’s lives.

Councils are responsible for

environmental health and provide

services such as bins for houses,

clean water and sewage facilities,

keeping the area clean. Councils

issue different coloured bins for

different types of waste to help

with recycling. They also decide

how often bins should be collected

and emptied.

Recently South Lanarkshire announced that

they would only collect general waste bins

monthly instead of every 2 weeks that it

used to be due to budget cuts. This affects

people’s lives as it means they may have to

be more careful with how much rubbish they

go through or else dispose of some of their

own rubbish in skips or dumps.

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3. Describe, in detail, the ways in which local councils in Scotland can raise money to

provide local services.


1.

Councils raise

money through

the block grant.

Taxes are collected by the UK

Government who then give a share

of this to the Scottish

Government. This is known as the

block grant. The Scottish

Government then in turn pass a

share of the block grant on to its

32 councils.

Around a third of the Scottish

Government’s block is given to councils.

The total block grant Scotland receives

is approximately £30 billion per year

and in 2016 the Scottish government

gave approximately £10 billion of this

to the 32 Scottish councils.

2.

Councils also

raise money

through the

council tax.

Council Tax. Council tax is tax

you pay to the council if you are

a homeowner. It is based on the

value of a person’s house.

In South Lanarkshire council, homes are

given a band rating between A and H,

A being the least valuable homes which

pay the least council tax, and H being

the most valuable homes which pay the

most council tax. A band D house pays

£1100 per year in council tax.

3.

Councils also

raise money by

charging people

for some of its

services at the

point of use.

You have to pay to get into a

council run leisure centre, play on

a council run golf course, or pay

for parking in a council run car

park. This money is then used by

the council to fund its services.

For instance, Hamilton Water palace, a

South Lanarkshire council run leisure

facility charges adults £5 for use of

the swimming pool.

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4. Describe, in detail, the work of a local councillor in Scotland.


1.

The work of a

local councillor

is to vote on

council matters

Councillors make decisions on

education, leisure facilities, road

repairs, and environmental

protection. A majority of

councillors need to approve a

decision before it can go ahead.

For example, South Lanarkshire council

has 67 councillors so at least 34 of

them must agree to decisions. Recently

SLC councillors voted to limit the

number of pupils who are given council

transport to school, meaning some

parents may have to take time off

work to drive their children to school

or else some pupils have to walk a long

way to school.

2.

Councillors also

hold surgeries

where local

constituents can

meet them to

raise any issues

Most people in Scotland are

represented by around 3

councillors. If anyone has a

problem with a council service or

wishes to raise an issue they can

meet with their councillor at

meetings called surgeries. These

are held regularly and at

different areas within a ward to

allow people an opportunity

chances to meet with their

councillor when it suits them.

For example, in South Lanarkshire

council, Cambuslang West councillor

Russell Clearie holds a regular weekly

surgery on Mondays at the CTEC

building in Cambuslang and has taken on

cases such as concerns over cars

speeding in some streets. He took this

to the council and has tried to resolve

it by urging the council to paint ‘slow’

signs, install speed bumps and speed

cameras in these areas.

3.

Councillors also

sit on

committees.

Committees are smaller groups of

councillors who meet regularly to

look into and attempt to help with

particular, often ongoing local

issues. Councillors invite experts

to the committee to gather

evidence which they use to write

reports about the issue to the

council or to help them make

decisions.

For example, Cambuslang West

councillor Russell Clearie is on South

Lanarkshire council’s Licensing

Committee, which considers applications

from local businesses wanting to set up

within the council and decides whether

to approve or reject them. When fast

food takeaway shops apply for a

license, the committee has to weigh up

the positives of the jobs it may bring

against the possible negatives of the

poor health it may cause before

granting approval.

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5. Describe, in detail, the devolved matters which the Scottish Parliament can make

decisions about for Scotland.


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3.

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6. Explain, in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the Additional Member

System which is used to elect the Scottish Parliament.


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7. Describe, in detail, the ways in which political parties in Scotland campaign to get

their candidates elected as MSPs.


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8. Explain, in detail, why some people believe majority government works well AND

explain, in detail, why some people believe coalition government works better.


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9. Describe, in detail, the work of MSPs.


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10. Describe, in detail, the work of the Scottish Parliament.


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11. Describe, in detail, the powers of the First Minister in the Scottish Government.


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12. Describe, in detail, the work of the Scottish Cabinet.


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13. Describe, in detail, the ways in which people in Scotland can participate in

democracy in Scotland.


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14. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of citizens in Scotland when

participating in democracy.


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3.

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15. Explain, in detail, why many people in Scotland choose to vote in elections.


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16. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of citizens in Scotland related to

voting.


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3.

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17. Choose one of the following groups which try to influence the Scottish government:

Describe, in detail, the ways in which the group you have chosen tries to influence the

Scottish Government.


1.

2.

3.

Pressure groups Trade Unions The Media

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18. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of one of the following groups

when participating in democracy in Scotland:


1.

2.

3.


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19. Explain, in detail, why some people participate in one of the following:


1.

2.

3.


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20. Describe, in detail, how the media influences elections and democracy in Scotland.


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3.

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21. Explain, in detail, the ways one of the following groups impact on elections or

democracy in Scotland: (choose media, this is same as Q20 – this will save you work)


1.

2.

3.


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Poverty in Developing Countries

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Example Question and Answer

Here’s an 8 mark answer to the question:

‘Describe, in detail, the causes of an international issue you have studied’:

An international issue I have studied is ppoovveerrttyy iinn ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouunnttrriieess. One cause of this issue is colonialism.(Point) Colonialism has resulted in poverty as in history European countries controlled many African resources and exploited its people and resources, leaving them poor. (Explain) For instance, Rwanda used to colony of Belgium, who caused divisions among its Hutu and Tutsi people, resulting in the Rwandan civil war of 1994, which has ruined development. (Example) Another cause of poverty in developing countries is natural disasters.(Point) Floods, tsunamis, hurricanes and earthquakes can be especially devastating for developing countries as it means they have to spend money they can barely afford rebuilding, diverting it from health and education, and they are more likely to damage developing countries who can’t afford the technology to detect things like earthquakes before they hit.(Explain) In 2010, an earthquake killed over 200,000 in Haiti and in 2013, a typhoon hit the Philippines, leaving over 2,000 dead.(Example) Another cause of poverty in developing counties is poor governance or corruption. (Point) If developing countries are unstable democracies, or dictatorships, or corrupt, then aid money given to them could be misused meaning money is not being spent on tackling poverty as intended, and proper schools, hospitals and infrastructure needed to improve development are not being built. (Explain). For example, according to the 2015 Corruptions Perception Index, Somalia, a poor country in Africa is the most corrupt in the world, meaning its government are not doing their best to tackle poverty. (Example)

8/8

**Remember to specify the world issue you are studying in your answer, i.e. ppoovveerrttyy iinn

ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouunnttrriieess. Without referring to this you will be awarded 00 mmaarrkkss.

39

1. Explain, in detail, the causes of an international issue or conflict you have studied.

“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”


1.

2.

3.

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2. Explain, in detail, the consequences of an international issue or conflict you have studied.



1.

2.

3.

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3. a. Describe, in detail, the ways ordinary people have been affected by an international

issue or conflict you have studied.

OR

b. Describe, in detail, the ways in which people’s rights are affected by an

international issue or conflict you have studied.



1.

2.

3.

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4. Describe, in detail, the ways you can participate in trying to resolve an international

issue or problem you have studied.



1.

2.

3.

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5. International organisations which try to resolve international issues or conflicts:

United Nations

Organisation (UN)

European Union Charities

African Union NATO Non Governmental

Organisations (NGOs)

a. Describe, in detail, the ways in which international organisations try to resolve an

international issue or conflict you have studied.

OR

b. Describe, in detail, the ways in which international organisations have tried to

resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied without using military force.



1.

2.

3.

44


United Nations

Organisation (UN)




Explain, in detail, why international organisations experience problems in trying to

resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied.



1.

They experience

problems due to

debt

Because developing countries are so

often in debt, the UN and charities

struggle to resolve poverty because

the financial aid they give is largely

spent repaying debt with large

interest rather than tackling

poverty

On average, for every $1 developing

countries receive, $25 is spent

repaying debt

2. They also

experience

problems due to

corruption

Many developing countries are not

well governed or corrupt

dictatorships and the money they

receive in aid from the UN and

charities is often spent on

themselves rather than on tackling

poverty

Between 1960 and 1999, more than

$400 billion was stolen from

Nigeria’s public funds. This means

this money was therefore not being

spent on health and education that

could help reduce poverty

3.

They also

experience

problems due to

natural disasters

Many developing countries suffer

earthquakes, hurricanes and

tsunamis and don’t have the

technology or housing to prevent

this. This makes development

difficult as regular natural disasters

set them back and make it difficult

and expensive to constantly rebuild

For example, in 2010 an earthquake

hit Haiti, a poor South American

country, killing 200,000 people and

destroying many homes, schools and

hospitals, all of which are needed to

reduce poverty.

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United Nations

Organisation (UN)




Explain, in detail, the possible motivations of international organisations in attempting

to resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied.



1.

2.

3.

46


United Nations

Organisation (UN)




Select an International Organisation you have studied.

Explain, in detail, the reasons why it has succeeded or failed in resolving an

international issue or conflict.



1.

2.

3.

National 5 Exam Questions - Cathkin High School

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