Nathaniel Hawthorne and The “Scarlet Letter”. Nathaniel Hawthorne Early Years Born in 1804 in...
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Nathaniel Hawthorne and The “Scarlet Letter”
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Nathaniel Hawthorne Early Years
• Born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts.
• His parents were devout Puritans.
• Grandfather was a judge during The Salem Witch Trials.
• Mother gave birth alone while father was out at sea.
• Had aspirations to be a writer at an early age.
Hawthorne’s place of birth.
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College 1821 - 1824
• Attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine
• Classmates with:
-Harriet Beecher Stowe who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Franklin Pierce who became the 14th President of The United States.
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Young Adult Life 1824 - 1842
• Burned first published work after it sold only 1000 copies.
• 1837: College friend, John O’Sullivan, published first short novel Twice Told Tales.
• Worked on and off at many office jobs.
• Engaged to his fiancée Sofia Peabody for 7 years before he told his mother, 6 months before they were married.
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The Influence of the Romantics
• Befriends Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts.
• Learns about the importance of the individual
• All three men had Puritan heritage.
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The Custom House
• Writes a biography for his college chum Franklin Pierce that helps him get elected president.
• Pierce helps Hawthorne get a job at the custom house at the Port of Salem.
• Hawthorne wrote a friend:• "I have locked myself in a
dungeon and I can't find the key to get out."
• After three years, fired amidst a political scandal.
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Late Life
• Earned a fellowship in Liverpool, England
• Spent time traveling in Italy
• Returns to the US after The Civil War
• Dies in 1864 to lavish funeral.
• All his novels are still in print.
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The Genesis of The Scarlet Letter
• After being fired from the custom house, wrote The Scarlet Letter in six weeks.
• His wife Sofia wrote a letter to a friend: “Mr. Hawthorne is writing feverishly!”
• The novel is an instant success amidst the political scandal surrounding Hawthorne.
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The Plot of the The Scarlet Letter
• The plot of The Scarlet Letter surrounds the protagonist Hester Prynne and the controversy over who is the father of her illegitimate child.
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Themes in The Scarlet Letter• Individualism: The conflict
between the individual and society
• Naturalism: The conflict between the natural realm vs. society.
• Repentance: The conflict between sin and guilt.
• Fictional Story in a Historical Place: Though the story takes place in Puritan Boston, many parts of the story are more Romantic than Puritan
• Symbolism: Symbols change meaning over the course of the novel.
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Essential Questions to Consider
• Do the sins of one’s elders affect their children?
• Can one have individual freedom without conforming to the laws of a group?
• Why would a Romantic write a novel set in Puritan times?
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The Big Essay!!!
At the end of this unit you will be writing a Literary Analysis Essay which is worth 200 points, so make sure to take good notes while reading the novel!!!
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Read the book, then the Sparknotes
• You will be required to read 30+ pages a night.
• I realize there are websites like Sparknotes that summarize the book, please use this as a resource. To pass you must read the book!!!
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Please stand for Think on Your Feet