Nathan J Clifford Portfolio

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Nathan Clifford M.Arch, PSU 2014 | LEED GA | AIAS

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Transcript of Nathan J Clifford Portfolio

Nathan CliffordM.Arch, PSU 2014 | LEED GA | AIAS

Designing for the night may seem like a daunting undertaking because of the scale of the concept, but after I had done an incredible amount of research, much of which included moving through many areas of the city at night, I observed one dismay-ing fact.

People were sleeping on the side walks and under the infrastructure everywhere I went.

The night is cold and dark. It is miser-able to sleep on cold hard concrete, yet if there is any hope to interact with the services and opportunities that contact with ‘regular’ society may offer, the homeless must also adopt the same active day and dor-mant night cycles that we all take for granted.

I decided to create an emergency shelter for night sleeping.

It would be lit from the inside with light that was visible from a distance. Doors would be closeable for safety, and doing so would mask the light that represented an open space. In the morning, the doors would open automatically, and a self cleaning spray cycle would encourage peo-ple to vacate the space during the day.

I don’t want to dictate under what circumstances one can find shelter, this is a system without requirements for eligibility.

I don’t want to offer anything too nice. People with the means to stay at a hostel would not typically come here. I imagine that the housing tow-er would rise above a city sponsored free gym. Resistance of exercise ma-chines and body heat would supply the energy and heat for the building.

Night Time in Portland

Night Time in Portland

In this project, a team of architecture students and an engineering student worked with THA to test designs of a covered bus inspection area for per-formance in passive ventilation. We worked with the engineering depart-ment at PSU to create models of the canopy, the building, and it’s con-text.

The tests were successful in guiding the placement of walls, screens, and establishing the canopy hieght and the number and shape of openings.

I took models that were created in Sketchup, and imported them to Rhino, where I created solid shapes for the 3d printer. 3d printing the model was a process that took nearly 24 hours. I then painted the freshly printed model black. Black is the best color for models in the wind tunnel because of the low light laser imaging, and the need to minimize reflection.

Laredo Border Crossing wind tunnel study with THA architecture and PSU engineering department

Laredo Border Crossing wind tunnel study with THA architecture and PSU engineering department

Members of the team: Chris Kline, Dylan Morgan, Nathan Clifford, Chad Norvell

For an Urban Studies class I mod-eled Tianmen Square at a scale that speaks about the actual size of the space. The square is nearly 1000 feet by 2500 feet, making the scale fig-ures actually smaller than dots from a .2 size micron pen.

The model was created in Rhino, and exported as a stereo lithography file. The file was imported to the CNC router which shaped the topography from the endgrain of an oak board glue up.

Model of Tianmen Square

Model of Tianmen Square

This project analyzed and proposed renovations to the YWCA building for the prospective buy-ers, Outside In and Cascadia Health Services.

Design proposals consisted mainly of opening the monolithic brick facades to let in more day-light, and enhancing the connection of the various levels to the public exterior spaces to pres-ent a more welcoming and appealing building.

1. At the highest level, the roof and terrace become a transparent and well-lit art space.

2. At the basement level, floors are removed to create higher spaces and connect to transpar-ent portions of the envelope.

YWCA building, SW Main and SW 10th Ave

YWCA building, SW Main and SW 10th Ave

The Tear Drop City is a concept that I developed for an advanced architectural graphics class. The concept is an underground city that could serve to protect and preserve a portion of the life of our frag-ile planet. The central drawing is a section cut through a sperical city. The five smaller drawings show views of shell structure, living levels, water and geothermal infrastructure, interior spaces for communal activities, and a view of the large hemispherical space of farm and park land nourished by the day-cy-cle sun lamp. On the left is an image of the drawing after the vignettes were backed by color textures.

Tear Drop City

In this design exercise, the goal was to offer the Rosewood Communtiy Center a cheap, portable, and adaptable program for its parking spaces at the front of the building. I designed a series of trianglular deck modules that would lock together or stack up, to create a versatile space that would enhance the visibility and servicability of the RCC.

Make from small peices of wood, the source of materials could be freely or cheaply obtained pallets.

This is a list of materials for constuc-tion:

-13 - 3” Hinges

-11’ - 3/8” Metal Bar(Rebar) straight and bent

-9 - 4”x3/8” bolts with nuts and washers

-30 - 2” #10 wood screws

-3 - 3” Headless hex driven bolts

Rosewood Community Center, parklet construction proposal.

Deck

Planter

Sidewalk

Scale: 1” = 10’-0”

10’

+0’

+.5’

+.5’

Parking lot

Typ. Parking Space

+2.5’

Scale: 1” = 10’-0”

+0’

Planter

Parking lot

Typ. Parking Space

+.5’

10’

Sidewalk

Deck

DeckDeck

+2.5’

+1’+1.5’

+2’ Planter +2’

Planter +2’

Rosewood Community Center, parklet construction proposal.

Scale: 1” = 10’-0”

+0’Parking lot

Typ. Parking Space

+.5’

10’

Sidewalk

Planter +2’

Planter +2.5’Planter +2’

DeckDeck

Deck

+3’

+2’

+1’

For comprehensive studio we took on the very real task of designing a multicultural center for East portland.

The East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC) as an intention is sup-ported by the Portland Development Comission(PDC), East Portland Ac-tion Plan(EPAP), and many diverse community groups.

Please visit nathanjclifford.com to view the pdf of programming, ver-nacular studies, community goals, site selection and many other trajec-tories of investigation that helped to develop the final design.

1. Extensive daylighting analysis was performed on the site to analyze the relationship of the building to its con-text and to identify passive energy options.

2. Exterior perspective looking East.

3. Worm’s eye view of the EPMC to vi-suallize circulation, entry and egress, and the interior volume of the space.

East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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These views of the EPMC serve to vi-suallize the vertical circulation of the building, its structure, and its position on the street. The site is on the corner of E Burnside and NE 102nd Ave.

1. Section looking West

2. Section looking East

3. A design conceptual drawing based on the observation that pro-tecting layers bring clarity of vision.

4. A main sketch in the development of design. Borrowing from the prec-edents in many different vernaculat traditions, the functions that nourish the body, and ordinary activities that are shared happen at the ground level. The deliberative and thought-based practices of council and art transpire at the highest and most guarded level. The fruits of these protected and valued activities are shared with the rest of the commu-nity in time.

East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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This is a section that features passive stategies the EPMC design is meant to facilitate. 1. Basement cistern serves as a heat or cooling source. Energy exchange happens here, pre-cooling warm air coming in, or taking the heat out of exhaust air. System features over 2000’ of 6’ diameter air pipes.

2. Same cistern is a heat exchanger for the hydronic heating and cool-ing system.

3. Hydronic heating from floors, and in the fresh-air stream of the venting spandrels.

4. Head height of 23’ for pervasive glazing system, means 60’+ of day-lighting on all sides. That is 70% of the floor space.

5. Fresh air and returns are arrayed in 3 sections, creating the opportu-nity for cross building ventilation.

6. Rainwater landing on the roof is stored in the cistern to capacity.

7. Sun shades limit unwanted solar gain, and present a space to collect and exhaust heat from the perim-eter of the building.

The other drawings highlight the function and composition of the en-velope and the critical and difficult meetings of the roof and the floor to the wall.

East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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East Portland Multicultural Center(EPMC)Compreshensive Studio Spring, Fall 2013

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Poreici velictum fugiam quia

Parapet Detail DrawingScale: 2” = 1’-0”

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Parapet flashing capWaterproof membrane

Roof Assy, Top Down

Artificial TurfShedded Tire Drainage MediumWaterproof MembraneCant StripCricket building rigid insulation layersBase insulation layer, 6” min.

Concrete slabSteel form decking

Steel wide flange structureExternal damper array vents

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9

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677

6HSS uprights support angles Angles support aluminium channelsAluminium channels bracket damper vents and channel glass

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Rising insulated vent doorSunshade

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10 Neoprene bushings insulate envelope from structure

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Channel glass Aluminum window sill

Steel wide flange structure

External damper array vents

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HSS uprights support angles Angles support aluminium channelsAluminium channels bracket damper vents and channel glass

Double-hung insulated vent doorSunshade10

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13141516

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Sill insulation

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Wooden hand rail5

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Steel form deckConcrete slabSub floor insulation

Warmboard hydronic heating floor Neoprene thermal barriers

17 Vent Flashing

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Structure to Envelope Detail DrawingScale: 2” = 1’-0”

West Elevation and Section

Scale: 1/8”=1’-0”

Grade Plane/Ground Floor Level +286

2nd Floor Level +308

3rd Floor Level +330

T.O. Parapet +356

1 1 Roof AssemblySynthetic turf, 2” depthGround tire drainage mediumWaterproof membraneSloping cricket insulation 8”Rigid Insulation 6”Concrete deck min depth 4.5” depthSteel form deckingOpen web steel trusses

2 GlazingC-profile cast glass panels 3”x8”x19’ rough dim.Silica aerogel insulation 2”Aluminium C-channel brackets top and bottom

3 Envelope Venting SpandrelAluminium damper array ext.Hollow section aluminium motor housing above and below damper ventsAluminium C-channel brackets top and bottomDual rigid insulation vent doors Upper 3” Lower 4”Electric on-demand heater for incoming airVertical HSS steel on 4’ interval supporting handrail and sleel angles that attatch to aluminium C-channel brackets for vents and glazingWide flange to HSS, HSS to angles, angles to aluminium C- channels gasketed with neoprene bushings, and fastened with steel bolts in plastic sleeves

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4 StructureW16x150mm steel columnsPrimary span, 60” deep open web steel truss 30’OCSecondary span, 36” deep open web steel truss 7’OCTertiary span 3” deep steel form deckConcrete slab 7.5” deep maxWarm Board 1.5” depthSealed with .25” clear acrylic epoxy

Before discovering that my thesis wanted to be an investigation of the side-by-side development of a liter-ary and an architectural narrative, there was a long and productive pe-riod of exploration, responding to the research that I was doing, and the questions that were posed to me by critics. Some of these investigations included:

The n/everpresent Horizon

The architecture of Contour Craft

Incremental submergence

Compassion as the purpose of exis-tence

Self-destructive tendencies

Dangers of technology

Potentials of energy

Myth

Relativity

Short sighted exploitations

Liminal fluidity

Obsession

Dreams

Thesis development

Thesis development

Chapter 3 Laying on his cot, Jer thought about the past four months. The work crew had stabilized at eight persons. Seven men and one woman. During the time since the Change three people had been lost, two leaving intentionally, and one just disappeared. He knew that farm was buried beneath 40 feet of snow. When the night had lasted, the snow around them had frozen in a kind of shell a few meters from the outside of the structure. Now there was perceptible change of light outside each day, and a slight fluctuation of temperature. It was like night and twilight now. The growing lights inside were mostly on the same sched-ule because of the small scale of the space. They were set for an 18 hour day. From 4am to 10pm the inside was flooded with bright, sunny, full spectrum LED light. The crew had eventually taken the structure down and slowed the inflow of steam via the pipes to keep a constant temperature of 30C, sufficient to keep the plants growing, but not warm enough to melt the ice cave that they were in. They had built a stair to the top of the snow, and moved one of their weather stations out there. The workers, or residents now, had built tunnels through the snow to the rest of the facilities around the farm and begun a salvage operation that involved saving and storing food and plants, structural materials, and running heat to the massive water reservoirs. The irrigation pipe was used to send heated water, buried about .25 meters under the soil, through the growing beds. This al-lowed for heat without steam, which helped the indoor air quality, and helped induce rapid growth of the crops. The space was divided into two chambers, vegetative and productive. To try to produce enough calories, they had focused on growing wheat, but they would need to develop nutrient diverse crops soon. They knew that they probably had enough sunflower, soy, and corn to develop sustainable crops, the vegetables would take a lot more care. The vegetable crops they had were salvaged and preserved from the personal gardens of the people who lived on the farm. A faint popping scrunching sound interrupted his concentration. He listened for a while, and it occurred again, more distinct and nearer. He wondered who was making stealthy progress through the snow and positioned the sound as coming up the driveway from the old road. He thought it must be within five meters now. He arose and climbed up the steps from the earthen shelter that they had constructed to shelter from the cold outside. He looked intently at the dark ice wall that the sounds were coming from. He heard muffled voices. “There’s a light.” a male voice.“Are you sure?” a female.“Switch it off.”“Yeah I’m sure.”“What should we do?”“Keep on going.” The man said.“What if they kill us? We can’t just rush in there.”“We don’t know if there is a they.”“We can’t stay here. We came to the fields for a reason.”“Hello!” Jer shouted.“Hello,” the greeting was echoed.“Stand back, I will break an opening for you.” Jer picked up a maddox laying near the shelter’s doorway and gave the icy wall a blow. Another few strikes had a decent hole in the ice cleared. He reached into the mucky snow and scooped out portion at eye level. He was looking through a small opening at a filthy and glistening old man squinting at the light. The two travelers had tunneled all the way from Kinloch. The trip of over two kilometers had taken them nearly two weeks in their reckoning, and they were frail with deprivation and fatigue. The air had seared their lungs and eyes. The snow had occasionally caved in on them, bringing fresh and stinging drafts. Their eyes were rimmed in red, and crusted with dripping mucus. They were nearly starved when they had left the town, people that survived there were beginning to eat the frozen bod-ies of the deceased. Now they were almost dead. Jer looked at them and decided that he would help. They were too emaciated to pose a threat to the farm community, and for all he knew, they might be the only refugees that ever reached the farm. He brought them into the sunken room and gave them some frozen mutton. Then they lay on beds while Oz inspected them for frostbite. Several fingers and toes would need to be removed, but the feet and hands would probably be ok.Jer was wrong about the number of refugees. Over the next several weeks many poor people made the trek from the town to the farm. They were headed toward the geothermal fields in search of heat, but they most often ended at the farm where the tunnel led them. The tunnel itself was a horrible reek of dead bodies and waste. The only thing that kept it from being danger-ously virulent was the refrigerator-like quality. As time went on, the residents of the farm became a small community, and they built their homes in layers downward into the warm earth. About a year after the Change, the village that they just called Home was about 45 people. The top layer of the farm was under cultivation with barley, wheat, soy, and sesame as the main crops. The top layer was used for farming for the topsoil that was available there. Potatoes, cabbage, peas, carrots, spinach, and kale comprised the rest of the diversifying produce. Extensive expeditions were staged to forage the surrounding country. Supplies of frozen sheep and deer were located and stored in the ice. Nearby power infrastructure from the geothermal fields supplied all of the needed steel and concrete that first was cut from walls and foundations in blocks and brought by sled back Home. Later in the year, around December, the residents succeeded in bringing another geothermal well back into service and built a furnace for making quicklime. After that, the structure of the underground buildings were made from poured concrete reinforced with steel. Lacking steel manufacturing facilities, the most common reinforcement was made from a type of wire resembling barbed wire. About the same time, during the summer, with the advent of the furnace and the influx of people, the ice caves began to melt. With some urgency, they began to build structure over the fields. As they managed to encapsulate the fields, the roof of snow and ice stopped melting. The only place where the snow covering was punctured was over the chimney they built, which was a shaft with heat dispelling fins that drew air from the lower levels of their subterranean constructions. The fresh air for the village was pulled through the bottom layers of snow, sank through deep tunnels, being relatively neutral, having passed through many meters of porous ice crystals and ash. The plants were supplied with light from the salvaged LED full spectrum lamps.Eventually, several hectares were under cultivation.

Chapter 2Station Taupo in the main greenhouse facility 0:00 hour.Jer was drinking his second cup of Kenya Gold and trying to wake up. He sat at his desk in the little trailer that was nestled between two 50,000 litre black polystyrene water tanks and a massive pile of irrigation piping near the South wall within the 4 hectare main greenhouse. He blinked his red eyes at the chart floating 6 inches above the table. It emanated from a cube on his key chain about the size of a die. His fingers reached gingerly toward the keyboard projected on the table top and he wondered why, with all the technology in the world, drinking still came with a hangover. Typing, he began to summarize the night’s data collections.His radio squawked twice then Sean’s voice came through. “Jer turn on the PBC”.“I really don’t care won the South CC” Jer replied in an an-noyed monotone.“There’s been an eruption in Java, it looks big.”“How big?”“Bi- oh shit, do you feel that?” Sean’s voice crackled and hissed.Jer stood up, then immediately sat down as the ground shud-dered below him. The trailer lurched violently enough to throw him onto one wall, then the other, then the floor as the it fell off its blocks. He crawled his way to the door as bottles of fertilizer and bags of petiole samples spilled from the open fridge onto his head. The door to the trailer was embedded in the dirt, and he had to kick it until it bent in the middle far enough for him to squeeze out. A large sheet of Lexan landed next to him staying upright as it stuck in the dirt. He sprinted for the exit as a nearby wellhead cracked and steam arced across his legs leaving his skin under his pants instantly dead and swelling with giant multi layered blisters.He reached the outside of the building and ran a distance away. Turning, he could see the greenhouse rippling across the roof and walls, occasionally a pane of acrylic would drop out of its frame and disappear. He looked down at his legs. They felt like they had been whipped by an icy knife. Lymph fluid from his blistered and broken skin colored his pants below the knee. He felt faint, and he realized that he was fighting to lift his eyelids. His last thought was gratitude that the steam hadn’t hit him a bit higher. The quake lasted for nearly 4 minutes, and the greenhouse lost about half of its envelope. The structure was strong enough to stay erect, though most of the thermal wells inside had broken or had been bypassed by new vents. The structure was full of steam and vapor issued through the openings into the quickly darkening morning light.

Station Taupo 4:00 hour When Jer came to, he was laying in his own bed. For a moment he thought that he had been dreaming, then, a slight movement sent his nerves pulsing with energy that made his eyes roll so far back that he could only see white. A distant voice groaned with a strange vibration that he could feel in his chest.“There old boy,” someone said, and he felt a hand on his forehead.Slowly his eyes opened, and when he focused he saw the fore-man of his labor crew, Oz.“ You were very badly burned, Jer. It’s a good thing that I had some experience with this back in the service. I got you bandaged up before you regained consciousness.” Looking at the window, Jer asked, “What time is it?”“It’s 2pm. The sky’s full of smoke and ashes why it’s dark.” Oz explained. “It’s getting cold and starting to rain. Most of the workers left to see about family or friends. I set the rest to work on shoring the structure and salvaging the lights.”“Was anyone else hurt?” “Just a few scrapes and burns like you, but not as bad. Bingi got a nice cut on his head, but I stitched him up. Just doused it with whisky, then gave him a full bottle, mostly for his nerves. It’s the only anesthetic we have. Care for some?” Oz held out a glass he lifted from the nightstand. “No, not now.” It was dark in the room, and Jer reached for the light. Is there any power?”

As it turned out, the local power system was dead or dormant. The media, what we would call the internet, was also not active. The reasons could only be guessed, though Jer and Sean knew that what had begun as an eruption on Java had turned into a volcanic and seismic event in New Zealand, giving the impression that the catastrophe could be regional or larger. What they could tell was that the sky had fallen quite dark, and the temperature was dropping fast. The first 24 hours brought a thick darkness and a rain that dumped in as mud from the sky. The weather was surreal. Ashes drifted slowly down, swirling in occasional gusts of wind amidst mud rain that fell in giant dirty drops that began to cover and pool on the ground in a thick slur-ry. There were foul vapors on the air that smelled like sulfur and chlorine. The eyes smarted, the lungs burned, everyone was constantly coughing, and the temperature continued to drop. By the second day, the mud rain had turned into mud sleet, and the slurry on the ground began to freeze. The accumulated weight of mud and ice began to crush the greenhouses, the ones with the most glazing left faring the worst. Jer decided to leave the farm and travel to the nearest urban center 2 km away, to see if he could get some news. He left the place in the care of Oz, and the 10 or so people who still remained there, most of whom lived on the property. Before he left, he called a meeting.

Taupo Station 26:00 hour“We know that there has been a serious volcanic eruption” he wheezed out. “We don’t know if the ashes will clear, or if the poisonous vapors will get better or worse. What we have are two thermal wells that still seem to be holding pressure, and putting out power. One of them is in block three.” Speaking to all of his employees, he said, “Block three is one of the smallest green houses, and the structure is still standing because most of the windows fell out in the quake. I want you to connect pipes to the closest broken thermal wells, and vent the steam “I will come with you.” Oz spoke up.hands and feet to climb through snow higher than them. They knew that they must be slow and methodical, but they were on the edge of panic and wild exertion constantly. As they finally came within sight of the farm, Jer let out a relieved groan. The crew had succeeded in their task. The small structure blended into the filthy snow around it, but he could see that there was steam pouring out of cracks and gaps of the tarp covered frame, and the snow was melting and running off in sooty streams as it landed on the roof.When they were inside, the pain in his legs returned like a fire, and the rest of his body trembled and ached. More whisky helped a little. He doused his bandages with the spirits and be-gan to writhe and curse when the alcohol reached his raw flesh.

Chapter 1I would like to say that the human species saved itself by moving away from Earth when resources were plentiful and the economic systems of the world were functional, but that was not how it happened. The nations of the world fell from power as the great companies grew to overshadow them. The number of competing organizations dwindled and we ultimately found ourselves in a corporate oligarchy. Interventions that might have limited the pace of environmental degradation were postponed indefinitely and near the beginning of the 22nd century the oceans had become so acidic that most species had died, and greenhouse gasses had caused a warming of 6 degrees Celsius with its attendant flooding. Massive expenditures were needed to relocate people or to hold the waters back and most countries were facing declining revenues. In poor countries with large populations, people starved or were enslaved. Armies of cours-ing refugees waged war on their neighbors for pitiful amounts of land and were slaughtered by well equipped and mechanized corporate policing forces. Shortages of basic needs like nutrition, education, and medicine were common even in well developed and wealthy countries like Japan, Switzerland and the US. In places with a great amount of land in higher latitudes the human species found refuge. Canada, Australia and Siberia received emigrants from around the world totaling nearly 2 billion persons.Then Mount Kelud on the island of Java erupted. Its eruption was larger than that of the famous Toba 74,000 years ago. The shock wave caused secondary eruptions around the Pacific Rim and the force that was released surpassed 400,000 billion megatons. Nearly 50 trillion tons of coal were incinerated in the event, and the carbon that was deposited in the oceans caused a pan-oceanic anaerobic condition that wiped out all the remain-ing oxygen dependent ocean species. The airborne smoke and ash completely obscured the Sun for 4 months and took world atmospheric temperature down by 30 degrees Celsius. Even the oceans could not mediate the temperatures because they were nearly all covered in ice. The volcanic ice age lasted 15 years and the movement of refugees toward the equator would have been an unbearable strain if they had come, but few survived the sudden and seemingly endless winter night. The death toll in the first year was 3 billion, and over the 15 years of ice age, 4 billion. When the ice melted from the land it revealed a dead and rotten Earth covered with the mass of plants and animals and people that had died and been frozen. When the ice melted from the oceans it revealed a seething soup bubbling with methane and carbon monoxide. Mold and bacteria ruled, and the air was thick with a dust of carcinogenic and deadly pathogenic spores. All the organic material that was left on the Earth was colonized by molds. Trees and wooden houses were consumed. Families drowned because their boats rotted beneath their feet. Almost all plants were wiped out, and animals and people died, consumed from the lungs outward and the skin inward. Satellites slowly wheeled downward as their orbits decayed. They waited to burn up in the stratosphere or fry in a burst of solar radiation. There were exactly nine points on Earth that recorded the message that the satellites broadcast, two of them with a human present to hear it. Category 10 on the Torino Scale. Certainty of collision with an asteroid 2 kilometers in diameter. Catastrophe for the 1% of species left on the planet.But this is a story of how the human species survived below the Earth and above it, so let’s go back to the beginning of the 22nd century and follow a few remarkable stories about humans and their gifts of adaptation to new and difficult environments. One might think that the well known ark projects like the Bio-sphere 2 in the Arizona desert and the Eden Project in Cornwall, England would have had some chance to adapt to the upheav-als and preserve the carefully assembled ecosystems that had been tended there. These projects had two major faults. They could not produce their own energy, and their notoriety attracted refugees. During the period of global warming, pressures from refugees created costs associated with enhanced security, but after the eruption, the Eden Project collapsed because of the low temperatures and a lack of sufficient lighting to replace the sunlight. Biosphere 2 was overrun by refugees, all of the plants turned into biomass for heat, and the machinery looted. It was eventually a mostly collapsed shell with a small community of humans that survived on carrion. When people freeze to death, they are usually in their prime, and preserved well by the low temperatures.No, the places that fared the best in the great events of the Change were close to sources of geothermal energy, the only constant sources of power when the Sun was hidden, waters frozen, and the infrastructure of energy production and distribu-tion was lost. Isolation also helped, and islands with a good geothermal energy source like Iceland, New Zealand, and Hawaii were less devastated. The Asian islands of Japan, Taiwan, the Philip-pines, Indonesia, Malaysia, held populations that were too mas-sive and too urbanized. Collapse for them was precipitous, and a real recovery was never mounted. Papua was colonized by massive waves of refugees from the Asian islands and Australia and quickly overwhelmed. New Zealand was the most successful adaptor to the Change for several reasons. The size and quality of the geography meant that the islands were capable of supplying raw materials like iron and aluminum for themselves. The islands’ isola-tion(900 miles from Australia, and 1000’s of miles from South America) meant low refugee pressures. A population of 4.5 million that was substantial enough to support a large army for defense, and not too dense to for the land to sustain(50 people/square mile). Abundant geothermal resources made an easy transition to the type of enclosed urban environment that was required after the destruction of Earth’s atmosphereNew Zealand’s North Island was the site of the first and most successful creation of sustaining infrastructure. Being located on a volcanic plateau, locations near Lake Taupo were volcani-cally active enough to heat surface water, and the volcanic vents under Lake Taupo were hot enough to keep portions of the lake from freezing during the volcanic ice age caused by the eruption of Mount Kelud 3000 miles away in Malaysia. What began as a heated greenhouse soon became a hardened structure that functioned to produce food, animals, energy production equip-ment and create enough capacity to take refugees from the surface. The environment created took on a strongly horizontal character, mainly because the heat that was needed became too great just a few hundred feet below the surface.Proximity to lake Taupo was also a great advantage, and much of the construction at the site was devoted to creating safe intakes for the lake’s waters and establishing a great deal of capacity in reservoirs for the water that would be constantly cycle through the geothermal power plants, feed the farms, and help to build the air that was needed. By degrees, and through the years, the power plant became a farm, the farm became a village, the village an extraction and processing town, and the town a full scale city with industry, manufacturing, and trade. The first ventures into trade started as more of a salvage opera-tion during the volcanic ice age when scouts were sent out to scour the countryside for supplies and trade with survivors.

Narrative Part 1

Humanity is forced underground by a series of totally predictable series of disasters. Bereft of atmo-sphere, the only abundant energy source left for humankind is the Earth’s heat.

A few thousand people are the remnant of the once billions-strong human race.

Question: Will we have to wait until resources are scarce and society collapses to think about survival?

Thesis 2014

Home

Underground City Year 2170

Spherical in shape, Home is the largest community of humans known to exist.

Population: 6352Age: 65 yearsDepth: 1323 meters at cen-ter ground surface.

Narrative Part 2

The dreams of an egotistical lead-er, who dreams of a “normal life for humans” lead a small crew of conscripts to take command of a system of linked satellites assem-bled by robotic space machines: the bugs.

Question: Will it take mania, loss of a habitable surface, and total dependence on technology to make us leave the planet?

Thesis 2014

Satstat 1

Satellite StationYear 2171

Made up of modular capsules ejected from underground launch-tubes at Home

Population: 8 Humans, 12 building machines(Bugs)Age: 15 yearsAltitude: Low Earth Orbit

Thesis 2014

Narrative Part 3

Security comes faster than ex-pected when our technology begins to follow our orders at its own speed, and take over its own genesis.

Question: What will our living envi-ronment look like when artificial in-telligence becomes the designer and the builder.

Thesis 2014

Satstat 2

Satellite StationYear 2171

Completed according to the Plan by the building machines six months after Satstat 1 was occupied, and the bugs were instructed to replicate themselves.

Population: Unknown # of Humans, 0 building machines(Bugs)Age: 6 monthsAltitude: Low Earth Orbit

Thesis 2014

Narrative Part 4

Humans seek life and indepen-dence on other celestial bodies.

Question: Will we become to-tally dependent on technology to protect us as we adapt to new and increasingly difficult environ-ments?

Crawler

Roving Vehicle Year 2171

Built to traverse any terrain in zero to high gravity, at high and low speeds. Produced at different scales, some oc-cupied, some remotely piloted

Population: 40 as depictedAge: 1 yearDepth: Surface to subterra-nean

Thesis 2014

Thesis 2014

Narrative Part 5

Human footprint = 0. Evolution can continue without our culpa-bility.

Thesis 2014

Utopia...

Earth and MarsYear 2176

Total union with our technology has enabled the terraforming of Earth, and the beginning of the same on Mars.

Population: 122,473 humans

Age: 5 yearsDepth: Surface to 4 kilometers.

Thesis 2014

July 15 - Aug 7

Lead designer: Clive Knights

Crew leader: Travis Bell

My role:Volunteer construction and con-struction supervision. Deconstruc-tion.

Design-build with PSU School of Ar-chitecture.

Stage and bar area constructed of more than 500 pallets.

Summer 2014 Pickathon

Summer 2014 Pickathon

Root wood Lamp on chopped maple log base

Summer 2014 Projects

Vertical pallet gardens to take advantage of limited sunny

space

Summer 2014 Projects1967 Shwinn Breeze DeluxeFull restoration

All terrain garden work bench

My son Ciaran needed better fur-niture and a better use of space in his room.

A sketch of the design was met with approval.

The items included were:

-A suspended bed

-Ladder

-Chair

-Hanging bookshelf

-Light-top display cupboard

Summer 2014 Furniture for Ciaran

Summer 2014 Furniture for Ciaran