NASA RFP

i

Tarleton Aeronautical Team

Tarleton State University

2012 – 2013 NASA University Student Launch Initiative Proposal

Science Mission Directorate Payload Option

August 31, 2012

Executive Summary

ii

The Tarleton Aeronautical Team is pleased to submit this proposal in response to the

2012-2013 University Student Launch Initiative (USLI).

University Background

Tarleton State University is a public university located near Dallas-Fort Worth. The

university was founded in 1899 and became a part of the Texas A&M System in 1917.

Tarleton is one of the state’s fastest growing institutions and currently has the second

largest enrollment in the Texas A&M System. Tarleton State University has a diverse

student population, representing 49 states and 34 countries. Students have the

opportunity to choose from 85 undergraduate and graduate degree programs.

Our Proposal

To facilitate review of our proposal, we have mirrored the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) Student Launch Project Statement of Work (SOW) so that our

numbering system corresponds to those in the SOW. We believe that we have been

responsive to each requirement and have documented our analyses in the appropriate

sections. Through the advisement of NASA engineers at the Advance Rocketry

Workshop on July 18-21, we have included as much detail as possible. We present a

baseline design that we plan to refine over the next several months through additional

testing, evaluation and analysis.

Our Team

We are an interdisciplinary team comprised

from six different disciplines.

The majority of the team competed in the

2012 Texas CanSat competition in

preparation for USLI. CanSat is an

international design-build-launch

competition sponsored by The American

Astronautical Society (AAS), American

Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

(AIAA), NASA, and Naval Research

Laboratory (NRL). The Tarleton Aeronautical Team was the only Texas team participating

in the 2012 International CanSat competition, placing 6th of 41 teams. Our competition

included institutions such as Virginia Tech, the University of Minnesota, the University of

Michigan, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, as well as teams from Canada, Turkey,

Columbia, and India.

Figure 1 – 2012 CanSat Payload

Executive Summary

iii

We believe this competition prepared us well

for the NASA USLI Project. It involved the

end-to-end life cycle of a complex

engineering project including Preliminary

Design Review (PDR), Critical Design

Review (CDR), post-mission summary, and

debrief. Building on the experience from the

2012 CanSat competition, we have

assembled a team whom we are confident

will perform well at the NASA USLI

competition.

Our Funding

We have secured a significant portion of the funding required for this project through a

wide range of University organizations and other community support functions. We have

$11,500 committed from the Tarleton President’s Circle, the Provost’s Office, the Dean of

the College of Science, and the Tarleton Foundation. The Office of Student Research

has also committed $8,000-$12,000. Additional sources necessary to fund the project

have been identified. We are pursuing USLI Science Mission Directorate (SMD) funding.

Figure 3 – Initial USLI Funding

Our Facilities

The Team will have unlimited access to a 5,000 square-foot fabrication and test launch

facility off-campus. The team will also have scheduled access to a 600 acre high-altitude

test launch and building facility owned by Team Mentor Pat Gordzelik; he is Level three

Figure 2 – Sixth Place CANSAT Team

Executive Summary

iv

TRA certified and Vice President of the Tripoli Rocketry Association. His facility features

5,280-foot Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flight waivers and access to static motor

test stands. On campus, all team members will have access to the 900-square-foot

rocketry lab in the Mathematics building, as well as facilities in the Science and

Engineering buildings.

The on-campus facilities offer unlimited access to computers, printers, projectors,

workspace, conference tables, soldering station and circuit fabrication, oscilloscopes,

logic analyzers, regulated power supplies, electronics prototyping equipment, circuit

testing equipment, circuit simulators, teleconference room equipped with a portable

projector, and wireless Internet access.

Safety Plan

We have an experienced team; five members are level 1 NAR certified. These members

will be seeking level 2 National Association of Rocketry (NAR) certification under Pat

Gordzelik, VP of TRA. In addition, you will find a comprehensive safety plan presented in

the Safety Section.

Our Baseline Design

The flight vehicle will total 103 inches in length with a 4-inch body diameter. This is

composed of a nosecone, upper body structure, payload housing structure, and lower

body structure. All sections of the flight vehicle will be made of fiberglass with the

exception of the clear acrylic payload housing where the SMD payload will be stored.

(Reference section: Technical Design 1.a)

The upper body structure will house the main parachute. The lower body structure will

house the drogue parachute and the motor. The nosecone and lower body structure are

designed to separate and deploy the appropriate descent control systems. (Reference

section: Technical Design 1.b)

From the four motors we reviewed, we selected the Cesaroni K1440. We concluded that the total calculated mass would likely increase, thus decreasing the calculated apogee of 5,515 feet. Additionally, its high thrust to weight ratio will allow the rocket to easily depart from the launch rail. Trade studies will be conducted to reaffirm this selection throughout the design process. (Reference section: Technical Design 1.c) The SMD payload will be mounted to a payload framework within the acrylic payload

housing. This design is intended to allow the UV sensor, Solar Irradiance sensor, and

cameras to function without being externally exposed. (Reference section: Technical

Design 1.d)

v

Table of Contents

General Information.…………………….…………………..………………………………… 1

1. Organization…………..…………………………….................................................. 1

2. Adult Educators………………………………………………………………………… 1

3. Safety Officer…………………………………...………………………………………. 1

4. Team Leader…………………………………………………………………………..... 1

5. Team Infrastructure………………..……………………........................................... 2

6. TRA Section…………………………………………….………………………………. 6

Facilities / Equipment……………………………..……………………………………………. 6

1. Facilities……………………………….………….….................................................. 6

2. Computers Equipment……………………………………………............................. 8

3. EIT Accessibility Standards ………………………………………...……….............. 9

Safety…………………………………………………………................................................ 9

1. Safety Plan………………………………………………………….…………………… 9

2. Procedures for NAR/TRA Adherence………………………………………...……… 11

3. Plan for Briefing Students………………………………………………..................... 11

4. Incorporation of All Caution Statements…………………………………………..…. 12

5. Acknowledgement of Regulations…………………………………………….……… 12

6. Rocket Motors ………………………………………………………………………….. 13

7. Safety Statement ……………………………………………………………………… 13

Technical Design …………………………………………..………………………………….. 13

a. General Vehicle Description…………………………….…………………………… 14

b. Recovery System………………………………………..…………………………….. 15

c. Motor……………………..…………………………………………………………....... 24

vi

Table of Contents Continued:

d. Payload Description ……………………………………..…………………………… 28

e. Requirements……………………………………...………………………………….. 37

f. Challenges and Solutions……………………………………………………………. 43

Educational Engagement ……………………………………………………………………. 43

Project Plan………………………………….………………………………………………… 48

1. Timeline …………………………………………………..…………………………… 48

2. Budget Plan ………………………………………………....................................... 51

3. Funding – Tarleton State University (TSU) and others………………….……….. 53

4. Community Support Plan ……………………………………………...……………. 54

5. Challenges and Solutions …………………………………………………...…….... 54

6. Project Sustainability Plan………………………………..………………………….. 55

Appendix A: Resumes ………………………………………………………....................... 56

Appendix B: EIT Accessibility Standards………………………………………………….. 65

Appendix C: Pre-Launch Checklist ………………………………..….…………….……… 70

Appendix D: Launch Pad Checklist ………………………………………………………… 71

Appendix E: Material Safety Data Sheets …………………………………………………. 72

Appendix F: Risks, Failures, and Hazards……………………………….……………….. 117

Appendix G: NAR High Power Rocket Safety Code…………………..…………………. 122

Appendix H: Federal Aviation Regulations 14 CFR………………………………………. 125

Appendix I:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives Rules and Procedures….… 128

Appendix J: Lab Safety…………….………………………………………………………… 137

Appendix K: Hazard Waste Management………….………………………………………. 157

vii

Table of Contents Continued:

Appendix L: Fire Safety……………………….………………………………….………….. 171

Appendix M: Safety Statement……………………………………………………………… 177

List of Graphics

Figure 1: 2012 CanSat Payload……..…………………………………………………….…… ii

Figure 2: Sixth-Place CanSat Team…………………………………………………………… iii

Figure 3: Initial USLI Funding……………………………………..…………………………… iii

Figure 4: Team Hierarchy…………………………………………………………………….… 2

Figures 5: Team Members…………………...........................……………………………..… 5

Figure 6: Rocket Lab……………………………………………………..……………………… 6

Figure 7: Low-Altitude Test Launch Facility…………………………………………………… 8

Figure 8: Internal Vehicle Presentation ………………………………………………..……. 13

Figure 9: External Vehicle Presentation…………………………….……………………….. 13

Figure 10: Fin Design………………….………………………………….…………………… 15

Figure 11: E-Match Diagram …………………………………..…………………………...… 17

Figure 12: Ejection Staging…………………………………………….……………………… 20

Figure 13: Cesaroni K1440 Thrust Curve…………………………………..……………….. 25

Figure 14: Cesaroni K1850 Thrust Curve………………………..………………………….. 26

Figure 15: Aero-Tech K700 Thrust Curve …………………………………………………... 27

Figure 16: Cesaroni K820 Thrust Curve………………..……………………………….…... 28

Figure 17: Payload Layout…………………………………………………………………….. 29

Figure 18: CAD Rendering of Payload Layout………………….…………………………… 30

viii

List of Graphics (Cont’d)

Figure 19: Conceptual Wiring Diagram………………………………………………………. 35

Figure 20: Payload Software Flow Chart…………….….…………………………………... 36

Figure 21: Travelling Estimate…………..……………………………………………….…… 47

Figure 22: USLI Dates….................................................................................................. 49

Figure 23: Team Dates…………………………..…….…………………………………….... 50

Figure 24: Launch Day Rocket and Payload……………..…………….…………………… 52

Figure 25: Research and Development……………………………..……………………….. 53

Figure 26: Total Project Budget……………………….……………………………………… 53

ix

List of Tables

Table 1: Facilities and Equipment………………….……………………………….………. 7

Table 2: Material Safety Summary………………………….………………………………. 9

Table 3: Fin Specifications…………………………………………………….……………. 15

Table 4: Recovery Systems Budget Summary……………………………………………. 22

Table 5: Motor Trade and Selection………………………………………………………… 24

Table 6: Electronic Trade and Selection……………………..…………………………….. 31

Table 7: Technical Design Cost Summary……………………….………………………… 38

Table 8: Lessons and Group Activities……………………………………………………… 45

Table 9: Field Trips and Rocket Day ……………………………………..………………… 45

Table 10: Educational Budget…………………………………..……………………………. 46

Table 11: Educational Engagement Travel Budget………………………………………… 47

Table 12: Tarleton Rocket Day Budget…………………….…………………………….…. 47

Table 13: Tentative Meeting Schedule …………………………..……………………….… 48

Table 14: Propulsion Budget……………………………………………………………….… 51

Table 15: Payload Electronic Components Budget………………………………………... 51

1

General Information

1. Organization

Tarleton Aeronautical Team


Box T-0470

Stephenville, Texas 76402

DUNS: 801781865

Cage Code: 5RTD4

2. Adult Educators

Dr. Bowen Brawner, Professor

Mathematics Department

[email protected]

Dr. Bryant Wyatt, Department Head

Mathematics Department

[email protected]

3. Safety Officer

Blake Lohn-Wiley

Graduate Mathematics Student

[email protected]

4. Team Leader

Dustin Neighbors

Undergraduate Engineering Physics Student

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




2

5. Team Infrastructure

The team currently consists of nine team members representing six different majors

from the STEM fields. The complete team will consist of between nine and fifteen

members. The key participants and duties are listed below as well as a team hierarchy.

All resumes can be found in appendix A.

Team Member Duties

Name: Duties:

Dustin Project Manager, Lead Engineer Jake Lead Engineer, Technical Editor Billy Electronics Engineer, Chief Draftsman John Chief Programmer, Simulation Data Analyst Amber Recovery Systems Engineer, Research Bert Structural Engineer, Electrical Engineer Blake Safety Officer, Research Chelsea Web Design, Draftsman Lou Educational Outreach Coordinator

Figure 4 – Team Hierarchy

3

Team Member Bios

Dustin N. – Team Manager/Chief Engineer

Dustin is currently a sophomore Engineering Physics student at Tarleton State

University. He is soon to be a new father. He formed and led the Tarleton

Aeronautical Team through the 2012 International CanSat Competition in

Abilene, TX, in which the team placed sixth overall. His reason for starting and

continuing in the Tarleton Aeronautical Team is to apply what he is learning in

the classroom to a real world engineering project. Dustin aspires to be a

successful entrepreneur and start his own engineering firm.

Lou F.– Educational Outreach

Lou is a junior biology major working towards his teacher’s certification. He wants to teach secondary school after graduation with the ability to teach physics, chemistry, earth science, and biology. He joined the team because he has always had a great passion for science and mathematics. He hopes to create new experiences, meet new people, and incorporate real world experiences into his education while working on this project. He loves small animals and enjoys participating in outdoor activities.

Jake R. – Lead Engineer

Jake is a graduate Mathematics student with a B.S. in Engineering Physics. He

enjoys playing music, particularly guitar, and is interested in rebuilding and

tinkering with vintage tube amplifiers. He joined the team in hopes to gain

knowledge and experience in aerospace engineering and high powered rocketry.

Jake worked for the Tarleton State University Observatory for 3 years, where he

was involved in photometric analysis of eclipsing binary star systems and

asteroid detection. He is now a graduate assistant for the Mathematics

department while working on his Masters in Mathematics.

Blake L. – Safety Officer,

Blake is a graduate Mathematics student with a B.S. in Mathematics. He enjoys

playing guitar and wakeboarding with friends. He joined the team to further his

pursuit of knowledge and to gain expertise in areas outside of mathematics. The

subject of aerospace engineering and high powered rocketry has always

fascinated him. Blake worked for the Math Department as a tutor in the Math

Clinic for 4 years. Blake plans to complete his M.S. in Mathematics, followed by a

Master’s in aerospace engineering.

4

Chelsea K. – Web Design

Chelsea is a junior in Manufacturing Engineering Technology. She recently found

a love for storm chasing. Joining the Tarleton Aeronautical Team this year, she

hopes to gain experience in applying drafting, web managing, mathematics, and

physics to the real world. Chelsea’s background includes experience in website

managing using Cascade for Tarleton’s Keeping It R.E.A.L. program and tutoring

students in mathematics and English. Her future plans are to complete her B.S.

in Manufacturing Engineering Technology, followed by a continued education for

a M.S. in Manufacturing and Quality and Leadership.

Bert H. – Electrical Engineer

Bert is a graduate Mathematics student with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He

enjoys playing drums and classical guitar. He joined the team in order to expand

his experience with real-world electronic circuits, particularly with real-time data

acquisition and long-distance data transmission. Bert is a member of IEEE

Robotics and Automation Society and IEEE Computer Society, where he

attended lectures and participates in projects aimed at building his understanding

of robotic kinematics and software development. He is now a graduate assistant

for the Mathematics department while working on his Master’s degree in Applied

Mathematics. Bert plans to complete his M.S. in Mathematics, followed by joining

the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon for a PhD in Robotics Engineering.

Amber D. – Recovery Systems

Amber is a senior double major in physics and mathematics. She is multilingual

and plays the flute. She joined the Tarleton State Aeronautical Team this year

on the USLI project as a way to get hands on experience in rocket design and as

an opportunity to use her education in a real world application. Her experience

includes working as an undergraduate research assistant on two disease

population model optimization projects, as well as research in conducting a

nonparametric regression analysis of CMB angular power spectra. She plans on

getting a PhD in solid state physics and working in industry.

5

John P. – Propulsion and Software

John is a senior computer science major. He loves his mother. He joined the

Tarleton Aeronautical Team for an opportunity to apply skills learned in the

classroom to a real world project. His experience includes participating in the

CanSat competition and working as a computer science tutor. He plans on

getting a PhD in computer science and working for NASA.

Billy F. – Electronics Engineer

Billy is a senior in Mathematics with support in Computer Science. He is

sometimes known to eat a Raw Vegetation and Animal Food diet. He joined the

team to apply his education towards gaining real world experience in aeronautics

and to watch rockets disappear into the sky. He participated in the 2012

International CanSat competition in Abilene, TX. Billy hopes to become an

inventor and change the world.

Five team members, pictured below, attended the 2012 NASA Advanced Rocketry

Workshop in Huntsville, Alabama where they received their level 1 NAR certification.

The workshop was a phenomenal learning experience and provided an excellent

introduction to the USLI Competition.

Figure 5 – Team members at the workshop listed from left to right: Blake L., Jake R., Dustin N., John P., Lou F.

6

6. TRA Section

The TRA section we will be associating with for launches will be West Texas Rocketry

Prefecture number 121, as well as Cloud Busters Prefecture number 34.

Facilities / Equipment

1. Facilities

Throughout the course of this project, the Tarleton Aeronautical Team will have 24/7

access to various saws, routers, hand tools, welders, and an acetylene torch at a 5,000

square-foot test launch facility in Glen Rose, TX owned and supervised by Dr. Bryant

Wyatt. Also off campus, the team will have scheduled access to a 600 acre high-

altitude test launch and building facility owned and supervised by team mentor, Pat

Gordzelik, featuring 5,280-foot FAA flight waivers and access to static motor test

stands. On campus, all team members will have 24/7 access to the 900-square-foot

rocketry lab in the Mathematics building, as well as facilities in the Science building and

Engineering building.

The Mathematics Building offers unlimited access to computers, printers, projectors,

white boards and tables, with the additional availability of a conference table, soldering

station and circuit fabrication tools offered by the team conference room in Room 337.

The Science Building offers access to oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and regulated

power supplies. The Engineering building offers access to electronics prototyping

equipment, circuit testing equipment, and circuit simulators. The Administration building

offers access to a twenty-person teleconference room equipped with a portable

projector, and wireless Internet access.

Figure 6 – Rocketry Lab

7

Table 1 – Facilities and Equipment

Facility Hours of

Accessibility Access

Type Necessary Individuals

Work Area Equipment

Low-Altitude Test-Launch

and Fabrication

Facility

24/7 Off-

Campus

Dr. Bryant Wyatt

800 acres + 5,000 ft² Fabrication

Building

Saws, Routers, Machining tools,

Welders, Acetylene torch,

Safety equipment

High-Altitude Test-Launch

Facility Scheduled

Off-Campu

s

Pat Gordzelik

600 acres + 6,000 ft² Fabrication

Building

5,280-foot FAA flight waivers,

Static motor test stands, Safety

equipment

Mathematics Building-

Rocketry Lab 24/7

On-Campu

s

Any Team Member

900 ft²

Computers, Software, Printers,

Projectors, Circuit fabrication tools

Conference table, Soldering station

Science Building-

Physics Lab 24/7

On-Campu

s

Any Team Member

1,500 ft²

Oscilloscopes, Logic analyzers, Regulated power supplies, Vacuum

chamber

Engineering Building-

Circuitry Lab 24/7

On-Campu

s

Any Team Member

1,800 ft²

Electronics prototyping

equipment and software, Circuit

testing equipment, Circuit

simulators

8

Figure 7 – Low-Altitude Test Launch and Fabrication Facility

2. Computer Equipment

The Tarleton Aeronautical Team has access to a wide range of computing equipment.

University desktops, which are available in every campus building, operate on Windows

7 and Linux systems, offer broadband Internet and e-mail access, and provide

AutoDesk Inventor used for CAD design, Conifer Systems Cascade used for Web

development, and Microsoft Word used for document development.

Additional software available to the team includes:

MATLAB Maple AutoCAD Electrical Arduino IDE PCB Express Solid Works 2010 RASAero RockSim CadSoft Eagle NI Multisim Wolfram Mathematica

AutoDesk Inventor

Professional

9

3. EIT Accessibility Standards

The Tarleton Aeronautical Team shall implement the technical standards posed by

Subpart B of the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board Electronic

and Information Technology (EIT) Accessibility Standards (36 CFR Part 1194)

(http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title36/36cfr

1194_main_02.tpl). Regulations (a) through (l) of §1194.21 (refer to Appendix B.1) on

software applications and operating systems will be met.

The team shall adhere to regulations (a) through (p) of §1194.22 (refer to Appendix B.2)

concerning web-based intranet and internet information and applications.

Regulations (a) through (d) of §1194.26 (refer to Appendix B.3) regarding desktop and

portable computers shall be satisfied.

Safety

1. Safety Plan

Material Safety

The appropriate Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (Located in Appendix E) shall be

referenced in each instance involving the handling of potentially hazardous materials.

The MSDS will be available at locations where the hazardous materials are used or

stored. All team members shall be knowledgeable of the Material Safety Data Sheet

associated with each hazardous material.

Table 2 – Material Safety Datasheet Summary

Material Prevalence Risks Mitigation

Ammonium

Perchlorate

Found in rocket

motors

Risk of fire,

burns

Keep away from heat,

treat burns normally

Black Powder Found in injection

charges

Risk of fire,

burns

Keep away from heat,

treat burns normally

Epoxy 3M DP420 Found in bonding

parts of fiberglass

together

Skin Irritation,

Risk of Fire

Flush area with water,

Keep away from heat

Paint Used to coat

outside layer of

rocket

Risk of Fire,

Skin Irritation

Flush area with water

Keep away from heat

10

Facilities

a. Rocket construction will take place at the Team Test Launch Facility, which provides

access to all the necessary fabrication equipment. The construction of the payload

will take place at the Math Building located on the Tarleton State University Campus.

The team shall conduct their low altitude test launches at the Team Test Launch

Facility. The team shall conduct high altitude test launches at the launch facilities of

Pat Gordzelik, the team mentor.

b. For a team member to enter the above mentioned facilities, they must adhere to the

following guidelines:

Always ask a well-informed member of the team or the Safety Officer if unsure

about equipment, tools, procedures, or materials.

Always follow the safety regulations associated with hazardous materials and

federal, local, and state laws.

Always adhere to the following safety equipment rules:

1 Protective clothing must be worn.

2 Use goggles where appropriate.

3 Use face mask where appropriate.

4 Wear gloves where appropriate.

Always be aware of your surroundings.

Risk Assessment

Risk assessment includes consideration of relevant risks to the completion of the

project, how likely they are to happen, and their consequences. A risk assessment was

completed for the possible loss of access to facilities. Each area has several risks and

each risk is associated with a number of possible impacts. Techniques for mitigation

have been established. In the event that a problem arises possible actions are

addressed. The Facility Risks to the Completion of the Project Table can be found in

Appendix F.1 on page 117.

11

Failure mode analysis was done for the following systems: vehicle, payload, and

recovery. This is structured around three main categories: possible failures, failure

consequences, and mitigations. The Failure Modes Table can be found in Appendix F.2

on page 118.

Hazard analysis was done for use of facilities. This analysis has six elements: risk,

sources, likelihood, consequences, mitigation, and actions. The Hazard Analysis Table

can be found in Appendix F.3 on page 120.

2. Procedures for NAR/TRA adherence

The Tarleton Aeronautical Team will be advised by NAR Level 3 certified Pat Gordzelik.

Mr. Gordzelik will help ensure that all NAR high-powered safety code requirements

(Located in Appendix G) are met. He will be responsible for the purchase, safe storage,

transport, and handling of the rocket motors. He will also be present whenever the

rocket is being launched. Tripoli # 121 West Texas Rocketry will help in assisting with

our launches as well.

3. Plan for briefing students

Prior to the construction of the rocket, a risk assessment and safety meeting will be

conducted to describe proper procedures. The information will be displayed in

PowerPoint format and will contain the following subjects: Federal Aviation Regulations,

NAR/TRA High Power Rocket Safety Code, NFPA 1127 Code for High Power Rocketry,

Risk Assessment, Chemical Safety, Fire Safety, and Lab Safety. A week after the safety

presentation, the Team will be given a test, which they must pass in order to take part in

any aspect related to the rocket.

Prior to every launch, meetings will be conducted that reinforce the material covered in

the risk assessment and safety meeting. Before any rocket can be launched the rocket

must go through a pre-launch and launch pad safety checklist.

12

4. Incorporation of all caution statements

A safety binder shall be kept throughout the entirety of the design, construction, and

launch process. Also, a safety checklist shall be maintained at each launch. Caution

statements will be included in all necessary proceedings.

5. Acknowledgement of Regulations

All team members shall be thoroughly briefed on the project risks, NAR high-power

safety code, and the FAA's laws and regulations regarding the use of airspace. Each

team member shall be required to read NAR's Safety Presentation slides. The team

shall have a safety briefing conducted by NAR/TRA personnel before any launch takes

place.

5.1 The team shall be cognizant and abide by all federal, state, and local laws

regarding unmanned rocket launches and motor handling, including the

following regulations and checklists:

5.2 14 CFR 101, Subchapter F, Subpart C: Amateur Rockets (Located in

Appendix H)

5.3 27 CFR Part 55: Commerce in Explosives (Located Appendix I)

5.4 The handling and use of low-explosives (Ammonium Perchlorate Rocket

Motors, APCP) (Located in Appendix E)

5.5 NAR Model Rocket Safety Code (Located in Appendix G)

5.6 Hazardous Waste Management (Located in Appendix K)

5.7 Fire Safety (Located in Appendix L)

5.8 Lab Safety (Located in Appendix J)

5.9 Pre-Launch Checklist (Located in Appendix C)

5.10 Launch Pad Checklist (Located in Appendix D)

6. Rocket Motors

Team mentor, Pat Gordzelik, will be responsible for the purchase, safe storage,

transport, and handling of the rocket motors. He will also supervise all test launches. Mr.

Gordzelik is level three certified with TRA and NAR and is also the vice president of

TRA.

13

7. Safety Statement

All team members have participated in a safety presentation and signed the Safety

Statement, Appendix M. The Safety Statement acknowledges that each member will

adhere to the rules and regulations of all relevant governing bodies.

Technical Design

A proposed and detailed approach to our rocket and payload design is shown in figures

8 and 9, which display an internal and external presentation of the proposed vehicle.

The center of pressure is marked accordingly at 83.8 inches from the tip of the

nosecone, while the center of gravity is at 66.5 inches. These measurements,

calculated by Open Rocket software, show that the center of gravity is 4.31 caliber

ahead of the center of pressure; this assures adequate flight stability.

Figure 8 – Internal Presentation of Vehicle

Figure 9 – External Presentation of Vehicle

14

a. General Vehicle Description

The rocket body will be 4 inches in diameter. This size was chosen to allow adequate

room for our payload and recovery system electronics. The rocket body will be 8 feet

and 7 inches long, consisting of four main sections: the nosecone (fiberglass), upper

body structure (fiberglass), payload housing structure (acrylic), and the lower body

structure and fins (fiberglass). Fiberglass was chosen for the majority of the vehicle

body due to its high durability, high melting temperature, low cost, and availability. All

fiberglass will be 0.125 inches thick, unless otherwise specified. All sections will be

attached via couplers.

Our nosecone will be a short, blunt, smooth, elliptical shape, and approximately 11

inches in length. This includes a 4-inch shoulder length based on the 4-inch body

diameter, as the nosecone shoulder should be no less than one body diameter in

length. This shape was chosen because the contest requires our rocket to remain

subsonic throughout flight. At less than 0.8 Mach this choice is best. (Page 9 of 2012

Advanced Rocketry Workshop NASA SLP Manual)

The upper body structure is 2 feet in length. This is to ensure adequate room for all

components (Including altimeters, black powder ejection charges, arming switches,

main parachute with accessories, and e-match).

The payload housing structure will be constructed of a clear acrylic cylinder; 4 inches in

diameter and 0.25 inch thick. Both ends will have 4.5 inches of the clear acrylic cylinder

milled down to 0.125 inch thickness; making a shoulder at each end of 3.75 inches

diameter. These shoulders will be used to couple the payload housing structure to both

the upper body structure and the lower body structure. Clear acrylic was chosen for the

payload housing structure due to its strength, light weight, and transparency;

transparent payload housing allows external observation of electronics once installed.

The transparent payload housing structure will allow ultraviolet radiation and solar

irradiance measurements to be taken internally. This will also allow the cameras to

function within the payload housing structure.

The lower body structure is 3 feet in length. This section will be comprised of two

compartments: drogue parachute compartment and motor housing. The drogue

parachute compartment will be one foot in length and sealed apart from the motor

housing by a solid fiberglass disk (0.25 inches) using epoxy. The length was chosen to

provide adequate room for the altimeters, e-match, parachute, and parachute

15

accessories without compromising accessibility. The motor housing will be two feet in

length which was determined by the motor selection.

There will be four fins equally spaced and mounted with epoxy. The fin specifications

and appearance are displayed in Table 3 and Figure 10, respectively.

Table 3 – Fin Specifications

b. Recovery System

In order to increase the chances of a successful recovery by minimization of drift

distance, a dual-stage deployment recovery system will be employed (requirement 2.1).

This recovery system is composed of a drogue parachute and a main parachute. The

main parachute will be located and eject from the top of the upper body structure, just

below the nosecone. In order to minimize both landing radius and terminal velocity, the

main parachute will be released approximately 500 feet from the ground. The drogue

parachute will be located and ejected from the drogue parachute compartment at the

front of the lower body structure, rather than the motor housing compartment at the rear

of the lower body structure (requirement 2.14.2). It will be released when the vehicle is

at apogee. This will ideally occur at 5,280 feet, but no higher than 5,600 feet

(requirements 1.1 and 1.2.3.3). It is imperative that the drogue parachute be deployed

at apogee and no later in order to avoid damage to the rocket body caused by the

jarring that would ensue should the vehicle be in descent upon release.

S Sweep length 4.5 inches

Sweep angle 45 degrees

Height 4.5 inches

Tip chord 1.5 inches

Root chord 7.5 inches

Fin cant Zero degrees

Fin rotation Zero degrees

Figure 10 – Fin Design

16

Many high-powered rocket designs ignite the ejection charges via time-delay elements

in the motor, appropriate timing and redundancy are difficult to achieve by such

methods. In order to eliminate the burden of choosing the right delay and to improve

redundancy, each deployment will be controlled by two altimeters (requirement 2.5).

Two altimeter systems shall be employed, composed of a main altimeter, backup

altimeter, and e-match wiring. The main altimeter will be a Featherweight Raven3 and

the backup will be a PerfectFlite StratoLogger, programmed independently of the

payload and monitored remotely (requirement 2.4). Each altimeter will be housed in a

sealed 4.5-inch compartment below each parachute compartment in the vehicle body

(requirements 2.12, 2.12.1, 2.12.3, and 2.12.4). Each altimeter will have its own

dedicated power supply, a standard 9-volt battery(requirement 2.7). Each altimeter

system shall be mounted vertically on a 0.25-inch-thick, 3.75-inch-wide, 4-inch-tall

fiberglass board. Each board will then be epoxied on either end to a 0.25-inch-thick,

3.75-inch-diameter fiberglass disk. The entire setup will then be bolted to the bulkhead,

in the sealed compartments, below each parachute compartment. One additional

PerfectFlite altimeter will be mounted with the system below the drogue parachute

compartment. This will serve as the scoring altimeter since it has a beeper.

The Featherweight altimeter has been chosen as the main altimeter for its remarkable

versatility. It has full functionality regardless of positioning, has visible and audible

readout of individual channel continuity and battery voltage, allows for user calibration of

the accelerometer rather than presets, can record up to eight minutes of high-rate data

plus an additional 45 minutes per flight, and has a downloadable interface program

which is easy to read.

The PerfectFlite altimeter has been chosen as a backup altimeter for its high level of

reliability. False triggering has been eliminated for up to 100 miles per hour wind gusts,

the precision sensor and 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) allow for 99.9 percent

accurate altitude readings, and the selectable apogee delay for dual setups such as the

one we are using prevents overpressure from simultaneous charge firing. Additionally,

each altimeter will be equipped with an externally-accessible magnetic arming switch

capable of being locked in the “on” position for launch (requirements 2.6, 2.8). The

arming switches dedicated to the dual altimeters which control main parachute

deployment will be located at least 6 feet above the base of the launch vehicle

(requirement 2.9). Those dedicated to the dual altimeters which control drogue

parachute deployment will be located 2 feet above the base of the launch vehicle

(requirement 2.9).

17

Each altimeter will be programmed to light a 1-foot low-current Daveyfire N28BR electric

match (requirements 2.13, 2.14, and 2.14.1). The basic construction of an electric

match, or e-match, is shown in Figure 11. Each match will ignite two separate black

powder charges, one main and one backup.

This will ensure separation and

ejection of the proper parachute at the

proper time. At 5,000 feet on ascent

the electric matches for the drogue

parachute black powder charges will

be ignited to ensure full release at

apogee. The e-matches for the main

parachute will be ignited at 700 feet

on descent to ensure a slowed impact and minimal drift.

With the assumption that the entire mass of each charge will be burned and converted

into a gas, the basic Ideal Gas Law is used, PV = NRT. P = design pressure (pounds

per square inch), V = volume of cylindrical compartment in the rocket body which

houses the two charges and the parachute (inches cubed), N = mass of powder

(pounds) to be evenly distributed between and packed into two plastic tubes, R =

universal gas constant (inches-pound force per pound mass), and T = initial combustion

temperature of the powder (Rankine). Using commercially available FFFFg black

powder, P = 15 pounds per square inch since the inside body diameter (D = 3.5 inches)

is less than 7.5 inches, V = 0.25πD²L from the volume of a cylinder where L is the

compartment length (inch), N = PV/RT is the mass to be found in ounces by accounting

for the conversion 1 pound = 16 ounces = 454 grams, R = 266, and T = 3307 Rankine.

From this the mass equation reduces to N = 0.0735*L (in grams). For ejection of the

drogue parachute L = (12 – 4.5 inches) = 7.5 inches, to give N = 0.539 grams = 0.019

ounces for each the main and backup charges. For ejection of the main parachute L =

(24 – 4.5 inches) = 19.5 inches, to give N = 1.434 grams = 0.0506 ounces for each the

main and backup charges.

Assuming use of a Cesaroni K1440 motor, the total vehicle launch weight is estimated

to be 326 ounces = 20.375 pounds. We considered the addition of up to 10 percent

ballast, as well as the fuel compartment being empty by deployment of the drogue

parachute, and estimated the vehicle weight at 20 pounds. These values may change

throughout the design process, but the process will not. Note that the drag coefficient

for domed parachutes is approximately 1.5, atmospheric density at sea level and 70

degrees Fahrenheit is approximately 0.0024 slugs per cubic foot, and descent rate

Figure 11 – E-match Diagram

18

should be no more than 15 feet per second in order to minimize damage to the launch

vehicle.

The size of the drogue parachute can then be estimated from D = 24√ , where D is

the ideal diameter of the drogue parachute and is the weight of the launch vehicle.

This gives D = 28.397 inches = 2.366 feet. Since commercial availability limits

parachute size to 0.5 foot increments, the diameter of the drogue is chosen to be 2.5

feet. By similar analysis, the size of the main parachute is estimated from D =

39.6√ . This gives D = 84.377 inches = 7.031 feet. The diameter of the main

parachute is chosen to be 8 feet. This is a conservative estimate with regard to terminal

velocity but slightly immoderate with regard to landing radius if wind speeds are in

excess of 15 miles per hour. However, programming full deployment to occur no later

than 500 feet from the ground on descent should allow for minimal drift. These

equations are derived from Newton’s Second Law of Motion s = 2w/ρv²c, where s =

reference area, w = vehicle weight, ρ = density of air, v = terminal velocity, and c = drag

coefficient as provided by the parachute manufacturer.

The chosen sizes of the main and drogue parachutes should be such that the kinetic

energy of each independent (tethered) section of the launch vehicle upon landing is no

greater than 75 foot-pounds. Based on Newton’s Second Law of Motion, with the

assumptions of constant descent rate between ejections and simple downward motion,

the maximum descent rate upon ejection of each parachute is given by

v =√

.

In the above equation, note that w = vehicle weight in pound-mass, ρ = sea-level air

density at 70 degrees Fahrenheit = 0.075 pound-force per cubic foot, c = drag

coefficient, and s = surface area of each parachute dome =

π(height)²[3*(radius) –

(height)] where height is assumed to be

*(radius). With a total vehicle weight of

20 pounds = 320 ounces = 9.24 kilograms, the maximum descent rate for the first 4,780

feet upon drogue release at apogee is 73.47 feet per second = 22.39 meters per

second. Upon release of the main this drops to a maximum 12.83 feet per second =

3.91 meters per second descent rate for the remaining 500 feet.

Descent time after each event can be calculated from t = d/v, where d = distance

travelled in feet and v = maximum descent velocity. The first 4,780 feet of descent thus

takes no less than 65.06 seconds. Similarly the final 500 feet of descent takes no less

19

than 38.97 seconds. In a constant 15 mile per hour wind, the concept of relative

velocity enables the calculation of a landing radius of 1,430.46 feet for the first half of

the descent with an additional 857.44 feet for the second half. The maximum landing

radius is thus found to be (1,430.46 + 857.44) feet = 2287.9 feet from the launch pad

which is within the required 2,500 feet maximum landing radius (requirement 2.3).

The top component contains tethered together the nosecone, main parachute, main

parachute altimeter housing, and payload sections. The bottom component contains

tethered together the drogue parachute, drogue parachute altimeter housing, and motor

sections. The proposed total weight of the top component is then = 4.60 kilograms,

while that of the bottom component is = 4.64 kilograms. By the maximum final

descent rate of = 3.91 meters per second, the maximum terminal kinetic energy of

the top component is found to be

= 35.16 Joules = 25.93 foot-pounds. Similarly,

the maximum terminal kinetic energy of the bottom component is found to be 35.47

Joules = 26.16 feet pound force. These are each less than the maximum allowable 75

foot-pound-force terminal kinetic energy (requirement 2.2).

The selected parachutes are made of silicone-coated low-porosity ripstop nylon with all

seams reinforced with nylon webbing and 0.5 inches mil spec nylon sewn around the

canopy to ensure both strength and light weight. The hexagonal 2.5 foot drogue weighs

1.45 ounces, while the dual-cross-form 8 foot main weighs 26.3 ounces. These

parachutes have also been selected for their low probability of entanglement. There are

only four suspension lines on the main parachute but which have a tested tensile

strength of 200 pounds per square inch. There are only six suspension lines for the

drogue parachute but which have a tested tensile strength of 160 pounds per square

inch. Additionally standard high-power model rocketry 900 pound-working-strength

swivels will be implemented on each shock harness. Further, each parachute will be

quick-linked to the bridle of a 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit-plus-heat-resistant Nomex

deployment bag and neatly folding each parachute along with all shroud lines and shock

cord into the bag. This keeps each parachute contained long enough to get it away from

the fins and to eject in an orderly fashion. This also keeps the material away from the

heat of the ejection charge firing. Figure 12 demonstrates the ejection staging.

20

Figure 12 – Ejection Staging

In order to enable deceleration of the two separated components on descent, 0.5-inch

tubular Kevlar shock harnesses will be put in place. These have been chosen for

strength and flame-proof construction. Additionally, these shock harnesses include pre-

sewn Nomex loops for safe and secure connection to the chutes by quick links. The

body length is approximated to be 8 feet, 7 inches including the nosecone. The main

harness is chosen to be approximately two body lengths to keep the main parachute

away from the body plus 15 percent (calculated 18.45 feet) to account for knotting. The

drogue harness is chosen to be approximately three body lengths to pull the drogue

parachute up and away from the vehicle while minimizing the risk of denting or zippering

plus 15 percent (calculated 27.04 feet) to account for knotting. Thus, based on

commercial availability, the length of the main shock harness is chosen to be 20 feet,

while that for the drogue is chosen to be 25 feet.

21

In order to ensure that separation in the rocket body only occurs upon ejection,

removable threaded nylon shear pins will be used. These will be inserted through holes

drilled on either side of the couplings between the nosecone shoulder and main

parachute compartment, as well as between the payload and drogue parachute

compartments (requirement 2.10). When the ejection charge fires, the force of the

coupler sliding past will snap the shear pins. However, other stresses under 25 pound

force such as those caused by shifting mass, drag, or ejection from another

compartment should not be strong enough to cause separation. Stainless steel delta-

shaped quick links, with a working load of 1,000 pounds, will be used. These will

secure each parachute to its shock harness, and each shock harness to a u-bolt at the

bulkhead of each altimeter compartment to ensure secure tethering throughout the

flight.

A 1.25-inch BeeLine GPS will be used to recover each component upon landing, in the

event that tethering separation on descent occurs or visual contact is lost. The first will

be mounted inside the nosecone and the second will be mounted under the bulkhead of

the drogue compartment. These placements should shield the devices from parachute,

black powder charge, and fuel ejection (requirements 2.11.1 and 2.12.2). A

corresponding ground receiver will be located on the launch site (requirements 2.4 and

2.11). A fully integrated RF transmitter, GPS and RF antennas, GPS Module, and

battery will all be contained in one package (requirement 2.11.3).

Altogether, these devices simultaneously transmit latitude, longitude, altitude, course,

and speed. The BeeLine GPS has been chosen for its small size, reasonable cost,

transmission range at up to 20 miles line of sight, frequent usage in high-powered

model rocketry, use of standard decoding hardware (automatic packet reporting system,

or APRS), and operation frequency on any frequency in the 70-centimeter amateur

radio band. The additional features of course and speed will allow for real-time

calculation of landing distance and terminal kinetic energy, as well as serve as a check

of the altimeters. The mounting precautions taken along with the 8 hour battery life of

the included Lithium-Poly battery, the non-volatile flight-data memory storage (3 hours

at 1 Hertz), and the user-programmable transmission rates and output power will

together ensure that the devices remain fully functional during the course of the flight

(requirement 2.11.2).

The components of the recovery section are itemized in Table 4. This includes the total

cost and mass (where available) of each item. The total cost reflected in this table is for

one fully assembled rocket.

22

Table 4 – Recovery Systems Budget

Item Distributor Item

Number

Unit

Dimensions

Unit

Cost

Qty. Total

Cost

Main

Altimeters

Featherweight

Altimeters

Raven3 1.8” x 0.8” x

0.55”, 0.34oz

$155.00 2 $310.00

Backup

Altimeters

PerfectFlite StratoLogger

SL100

2.75” x 0.9” x

0.55”, 0.45oz

$79.95 3 $239.85

Electric

Matches

Coast Rocketry Daveyfire

N28BR

1’ long $2.95 4 $11.80

FFFFg

Black

Powder

Goex Goex 4F

Black

Powder

1lb $15.75 1 $15.75

Black

Powder

Ejection

Charge

Holders

Aerocon

Systems

BPSmall 15, 0.0676oz $3.00 1 $3.00

Swivels Commonwealth

Rocketry

SWLDK80 1.5” $1.99 2 $3.98

Main

Shock

Cord

Giant Leap

Rocketry

Tubular

Kevlar

0.5” x 25’ $37.79 1 $37.79

Drogue

Shock

Cord

Giant Leap

Rocketry

Tubular

Kevlar

0.5” x 20’ $31.49 1 $31.49

Main

Parachute

Rocketman

Enterprises

8 ft.

Standard

Low-Porosity

1.1oz

Ripstop

8’ round $65.00 1 $65.00

Flame-

proof Main

Rocketman

Enterprises

DB8 3.25” x 3.25”

x 6.5”

$40.00 1 $40.00

23

Parachute

Deployme

nt Bag

(custom)

Drogue

Parachute

Rocketry

Warehouse

TopFlight

30” 1.7oz

Ripstop

30” round $12.95 1 $12.95

Flame-

proof

Drogue

Parachute

Deployme

nt Bag

Rocketman

Enterprises

DB2 3.25” x 3.25”

x 18.5”

(custom)

$25.00 1 $25.00

U-Bolts Sunward

Aerospace

U-Bolt

Assembly –

¼”

(Compact)

0.212” x 1.5”

x 2.125”,

1.77oz

$4.29 2 $8.58

Quick

Links

Commonwealth

Rocketry

¼” Stainless

Steel Delta

Quick Link

2.375” x

0.375” x

1.25”

$2.99 4 $11.96

Main

Shock

Cord

Giant Leap

Rocketry

Tubular

Kevlar

0.5” x 25’ $37.79 1 $37.79

Shear

Pins

Missile Works 2-56 Nylon

Shear-Pin

(10 pack)

10 at 0.08” x

0.5” each,

0.002oz

$1.00 1 $1.00

Arming

Switches

Featherweight

Altimeters

Featherweig

ht Magnetic

Switch

0.55” x 0.75” $25.00 4 $100.00

GPS Big Red Bee BeeLine

GPS-

Package

Deal

2 oz, 1.25” x

3”

$289.00 2 $578.00

Total Estimated Cost of Recovery Section Components $1496.15

Table 4 – Recovery Systems Budget (Cont’d)

24

c. Motor

Four motors were considered for this project. Each use a solid ammonium

perchlorate composite propellant that has been approved by NAR and TRA. The main

characteristics considered for motor selection are diameter, length, thrust to weight

ratio, total impulse, average thrust, maximum thrust, burn time, launch mass, empty

mass and projected apogee height. The burn profile of each motor selection will also be

taken into account. Each motor has a diameter of 2.125 inches (54mm). The following

table lists the four motor selections and their main characteristics. All data from the table

was calculated or obtained by using the Open Rocket simulation software. The motors

were compared as shown in Table 5.

Table 5 – Motor Trade and Selection

Length

Thrust

to

Weight

Total

Impulse

Average

Thrust

Maximum

Thrust

Burn

Time

Launch

Mass

Empty

Mass Apogee Price

Cesaroni K1440

22.52”

(57.2cm) 15.9 : 1

532.4lbfs

(2368Ns)

324.6lbf

(1444N)

487.4lbf

(2168N) 1.64s 66.8oz 25.8oz 5515ft $157.94

Cesaroni K815

25.55”

(64.9cm) 8.82 : 1

518.0lbfs

(2304Ns)

185.7lbf

(826N)

269.8lbf

(1200N) 2.79s 77.5oz 29.1oz 5243ft $170.71

AeroTech K700

22.36”

(56.8cm) 7.49 : 1

513.5lbfs

(2284Ns)

154.9lbf

(689N)

231.3lbf

(1029N) 3.3s 71.8oz 26.2oz 5288ft $152.99

Cesaroni K820

22.52”

(57.2cm) 9.16 : 1

535.9lbfs

(2384Ns)

188.2lbf

(837N)

386.7lbf

(1720N) 2.84s 69.9oz 26.5oz 5552ft $148.36

25

Cesaroni K1440

The Cesaroni K1440 has a total impulse of 2368 Newton-seconds, which does not

exceed the total impulse maximum of 5120 Newton-seconds. The motor’s

corresponding thrust curve as calculated by the open rocket software is represented in

Figure 13. As shown in the thrust curve, the motor has a regressive motor burn. Thus,

as the motor burns thrust decreases. As shown in the above table and marked in Figure

13, average thrust for this motor is 324.6lbf = 1444N. In the following calculation, the

mass of the rocket at launch is used because it represents the maximum mass that the

motor would have to be able to lift during the flight. In order that the motor be able to lift

the rocket, it must produce enough thrust to overcome the force of gravity, or enough

mechanical energy to achieve a thrust to weight ratio of at least 1.0. In general for a

high-powered rocket, the thrust to weight ratio is given by

.

With this motor, the launch mass of the rocket is 326oz = 9.24kg. Noting that the

acceleration of gravity is approximately 9.8m/s², for this motor the thrust to weight ratio

is given by

= 15.9 : 1, which exceeds the suggested ratio of 5 : 1.

Figure 13 – Cesaroni K1440 Thrust Curve

26

Cesaroni K815

The Cesaroni K815 has a total impulse is 2304 Newton-seconds, which does not



Figure 14. As shown in the thrust curve, the motor quickly reaches the maximum thrust,

steeply drops, and then starts a progressive motor burn followed by a regressive motor

burn. As shown in Table 5 and marked in Figure 14, average thrust for this motor is

185.7lbf = 826N. With this motor, the launch mass of the rocket is 337oz = 9.55kg.

Noting that the acceleration of gravity is approximately 9.8m/s², for this motor the thrust

to weight ratio is given by

= 8.82 : 1, which exceeds the suggested ratio

of 5 : 1. One downside to the Cesaroni K815 is the length of 25.55 inches. The current

design allows for only two feet in the motor mount section of the rocket. If this were to

be the final motor selection the motor mount section of the rocket would have to be

extended.


Aero-Tech K700

The Aero-Tech K700 has a total impulse of 2284 Newton-seconds, which does not


27


Figure 15. As shown in the thrust curve, the motor has a regressive motor burn. Thus,

as the motor burns thrust decreases. As shown in the above table and marked in Figure

15, average thrust for this motor is 154.9lbf = 689N. With this motor, the launch mass of

the rocket is 331oz = 9.38kg. Noting that the acceleration of gravity is approximately

9.8m/s², for this motor the thrust to weight ratio is given by

T/W =

689N/9.38kg*9.8m/s² = 7.49 : 1, which exceeds the suggested ratio of 5 : 1. One

downside to the Aero-Tech K700 is that many high powered rocket enthusiasts have

discouraged the use of Aero-Tech motors due to their high level of variability in

comparison to Cesaroni motors.

Figure 15 – Aero-Tech K700 Thrust Curve

Cesaroni K820

The Cesaroni K820 has a total impulse of 2384 Newton-seconds, which does not



Figure 16. As shown in the thrust curve, the motor has a somewhat neutral but overall

regressive motor burn. Thus, as the motor burns thrust decreases slowly. As shown in

Table 5 and marked in Figure 16, average thrust for this motor is 188.2lbf = 837N. With

28

this motor, the launch mass of the rocket is 329oz = 9.32kg. Noting that the acceleration

of gravity is approximately 9.8m/s², for this motor the thrust to weight ratio is given by

= 9.16 : 1, which exceeds the suggested ratio of 5 : 1.


After evaluating the four motors, the Cesaroni K1440 is the proposed selection. This

selection is based upon the apogee height achieved. Considering total mass will most

likely increase and not decrease, the calculated apogee of 5515 feet will inevitably

decrease. The motor also has a high thrust to weight ratio, allowing it to easily depart

from the launch rail.

d. Payload Description

The payload section of the flight vehicle will be enclosed in the acrylic payload housing

structure. The payload housing structure is designed to remain attached to the upper

body tube throughout the flight. The payload is proposed to consist of a fiberglass cap

at the upper portion of payload housing structure, a threaded lower portion of the

payload housing structure, and a payload framework on which the payload circuits are

mounted. The payload framework is composed of two aluminum rails attached to a

threaded cap. Modular circuit boards, with a width of no more than 3.5 inches and

stacked in a vertically orientation, will be mounted to the aluminum rails. The threaded

cap will be screwed into the threaded lower end of the acrylic payload housing structure.

29

The intent of this is to provide a modular design for the payload framework and provide

a pressure seal from the drogue parachute compartment. This modular design allows

easy access to the each circuit board and its corresponding components. Figure 17

represents the conceptual layout of the payload.

3.5 in

34.5 in

Figure 17 – Payload Layout: Front view (left), rear view (right)

30

The payload will be equipped with the

appropriate electronic hardware for meeting the

SMD payload requirements (requirement 3.1.3).

The main flight computer will be an Arduino

Mega 2560-R3. We will also use 2 Arduino Pro

Mini 328s to control specific processes of video

and image capture. The payload circuitry will be

divided into sections as shown in Figure 18. This

allows an organized layout of components based

upon the required power supply and

microcontroller for that section. We will have

redundant sensors for measuring temperature,

pressure, relative humidity, solar irradiance, and

ultraviolet radiation.

The microcontrollers and sensors will be

calibrated to sample at no less than 0.2 Hz

during descent, followed by 0.017 Hz after

landing (requirements 3.1.3.2 and 3.1.3.3). Two

cameras, each controlled by a dedicated Arduino

Pro Mini, will be mounted to face 180 degrees away from each other to better capture

the surrounding environment. The cameras will take a minimum of 5 pictures of proper

orientation (requirement 3.1.3.6); two during descent and three post landing

(requirement 3.1.3.5). We will have a total of five 9 volt batteries in the payload section.

This is to ensure adequate capacity for operating all sensors and components, and

furthermore allows independent voltage leveling of each battery to the corresponding

payload section. Each section of the electronics layout will have a dedicated 9-volt

power supply from an Ultralife U9VLBP battery. This voltage will be leveled by an

appropriate buck converter to either 3.3V or 5V, depending on the sensors of that

section. The payload will have a GPS tracking unit that will be controlled by the Arduino

Mega (requirement 3.1.3.9). Each camera will have its data stored on a dedicated

microSD card under the control of an Arduino Pro Mini. All other sensor data will be

stored onboard to a microSD card, under control of the Arduino Mega (requirement

3.1.3.7). A Sparkfun LCD will be used to display relevant data that can be viewed

through the transparent acrylic body tube.

All data stored onboard will also be transmitted to the team ground station (requirement

3.1.3.7). This will be achieved by an XBee Pro 900MHz Radio Transmitter located in the

Figure 18 – CAD Rendering of Payload Layout

31

payload section under control of the Arduino Mega. Signal will be received by a high

gain, directional patch antenna located at the ground station, and will be displayed in

real-time through MATLAB on the ground station computer. The orientation of the

ground station antenna will be controlled by an automated tracking system. The GPS

will relay the coordinates of the rocket vehicle to the ground station computer, where a

program will predict rocket trajectory. This information will be used to actuate the

directional antenna, in both azimuth and elevation, to achieve tracking; minimizing loss

in reception during flight and descent.

Table 6 shows dimensions and costs of electronic components being considered for use

in the payload.

Table 6 – Electronics Trade and Selection

Rating

Breakout

Board

Distributor

Part

Number Interface

Dimensions

(L x W x H) Mass

Input

Voltage

Current

Draw Cost

Flight Computer

1. Sparkfun Arduino

2560-R3 N/A

2.125 x

4.3125”

2.3oz

(65g) 7 – 12V

20 -

200mA $58.95

2. Sparkfun

Arduino

Pro Mini

328

N/A 0.7 x 1.3” .07oz

(2g) 5 – 12V 150mA $18.95

Altimeter

1. DSS

Circuits BMP180 I2C 0.625 x 0.5”

.04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

32μA $15.00

2. Sparkfun BMP085 I2C 0.65 x 0.65” .04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

12μA $19.95

3. Pololu MPL115A1 SPI 0.5 x 0.75” .04oz

(1.1g)

2.4 –

5.5V 10μA $24.95

Hygrometer

1. Sparkfun HIH4030 Analog 0.75 x 0.30” .04oz

(1.1g) 4 – 5.8V 200μA $16.95

2. Adafruit SHT11 Serial 0.43 x 0.49” .004oz

(0.1g)

2.4 –

5.5V 10μA $35.00

Table 6 – Electronics Trade and Selection (Cont’d)

32

3. Robotshop RB-Dfr-68 I2C 0.67 x 1.26” .18oz

(5g)

2.4 –

5.5V 10μA $24.00

Thermometer

1. DSS


0.04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

32μA $15.00

2. Sparkfun BMP085 I2C 0.65 x 0.65” 0.04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

12μA $19.95

3. Adafruit SHT11 Serial 0.43 x 0.49”

0.004o

z

(0.1g)

2.4 –

5.5V 10μA $35.00

Pressure Sensor

1. DSS


0.04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

32μA $15.00

2. Sparkfun BMP085 I2C 0.65 x 0.65” 0.04oz

(1.1g)

1.8 -

3.6V

3 –

12μA $19.95

3. Pololu MPL115A1 SPI 0.5 x 0.75” .05oz

(1.4g)

2.4 –

5.5V 10μA $24.95

UV Sensor

1. sglux TOCON_A

BC3 Analog

0.4 x 0.4 x

0.3”

0.02oz

(0.5g)

2.5 –

15V 0.8mA

$148.0

0

2. Apogee SU-100 Analog 0.925 x

0.925 x 1.08”

2.65oz

(75g) 0V 0A

$159.0

0

3. Solar Light

Inc. PMA1107 Analog

1.6 x 1.6 x

1.8”

7.05oz

(200g) 0V 0A

$525.0

0

Pyranometer

1. Adafruit TSL2561 I2C 0.75 x 0.75” 0.053o

z(1.5g)

2.7 –

3.6V 0.5mA $12.50

2. Apogee SP-110 Analog 0.925 x

0.925 x 1.11”

2.47oz

(70g) 0V 0A

$169.0

0

3. Sparkfun TEMT6000 Analog 0.39 x 0.39” 0.04oz

(1g) 5V 20mA $8.99


33

Wireless Transmitter / Receiver

1. Digi XBee-PRO

XSC S3B Serial

0.31oz

(8.7g)

2.4 –

3.6V 215mA $42.00

XBee Circuit Board Spacing Adapter

1. Parallax 32403 N/A 1.16 x 1.0 x

0.58” - 0V 0A $2.99

2. Sparkfun 08276 N/A 1 x 1” - 0V 0A $2.95

GPS

1. Locosys LS20031 Serial 1.18 x 1.18” 0.49oz

(14g) 3 – 4.2V 29mA $60.00

Camera

1. Adafruit VC0706 Serial 1.26 x 1.26” 1.76oz

(50g) 5V 75mA $42.00

2. Sparkfun SEN-

10061 Serial 1.26 x 1.26”

1.76oz

(50g) 5V

80-

100mA $49.95

3. Adafruit 613 Serial 2 x 2 x 2.5” 5.29oz

(150g) 5V 75mA $59.95

16GB SDHC Micro-SD Card

1. Wal-Mart 3FMUSD1

6FB-R N/A

2.2 x 0.3 x

3.4”

0.11oz

(3g) N/A N/A $9.99

Micro-SD Adapter

1. Adafruit 254 SPI 1.25 x 1 x

0.15”

0.12oz

(3.43g) 3 – 5V 150mA $15.00

2. Parallax 32312 SPI 1.11 x 1 x

0.47”

0.11oz

(3g) 3.3V 0.5 mA $14.99

3. Sparkfun 00544 SPI 0.94 x 0.94” 0.09oz

(2.5g) 5V 0.5mA $9.95

LCD

1. Sparkfun 10168 SPI 1.75 x 1.75” 2.47oz

(70g) 3.3 – 6V

240 -

320μA $9.95


34

2. Sparkfun 11062 SPI 1.5 x 2.5” 2.47oz

(70g) 3.3 – 6V

108 –

324mA $34.95

Voltage Leveler

1. Self

Manufacture

Buck

Converter N/A - - N/A - -

Power Supply

1. Ultralife U9VLBP N/A 1.81x1.04x0.

69”

1.28oz

(36.4g)

5.4 –

9.9V

Max 120

mA $6.65


35

Figure 19 shows a conceptual wiring layout for the microcontroller and electronic

components. This does not reflect the final wiring schematic, but displays the general

scheme for electrical connections.

Figure 19 – Conceptual Wiring Diagram

36

Figure 20 illustrates the software logic proposed for the payload section. Until the

project begins, the software will not be finalized.

Figure 20 – Payload Software Flow Chart

37

e. Requirements

Vehicle Requirements

This section discusses the vehicle, recovery system, payload, and general requirements

as given in the 2012-2013 NASA SLP Manual.

The motor selection will be based on the appropriate thrust need to lift the mass of the

rocket vehicle to 1 mile AGL. All motors being considered adhere to the requirements of

APCP fuel source and NAR and TRA regulations. Of the motors considered, the largest

total impulse is 2384 Newton-seconds. Our proposed choice of motor is a Cesaroni

K1440. The impulse of the motor will not allow the rocket vehicle to reach a supersonic

velocity. The rocket motor to be used will be a standard, commercially available motor

that can be ignited by a standard 12 volt DC firing system. No other circuitry or

equipment will be required to initiate launch (Vehicle Requirements 1.1, 1.3, 1.9 – 1.12).

The Perfect-flight altimeter will be used. This device reports altitude as a series of beeps

as required. The payload section will have 2 BMP180 pressure/temperature sensors

that will be used to calculate altitude and 2 redundant sensors in case of device failure.

Additional altimeters will be used in conjunction with black powder ejection charges to

allow separation of various sections at prescribed altitudes. The altimeter to be used for

official scoring will be pre-determined and implemented into the rocket design

accordingly. The perfect flight altimeter is capable of producing these beeps to indicate

the maximum altitude achieved during flight. Our design incorporates no other audible

electronics other than the altimeter required for official scoring. The official, marked

altimeter shall be incorporated into the rocket vehicle such that it will suffer no damage

or loss of functionality throughout the flight. A team member will be delegated to ensure

that the NASA official will receive a report of the achieved altitude from the flight. The

aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle, along with the selection of the motor, will be

made such that the rocket will not achieve an altitude greater than 5,600 feet AGL

(Vehicle Requirements 1.2).

The proposed recovery system will allow the entirety of the rocket vehicle to safely drift

back to ground level such that the vehicle will experience no structural damage. The

vehicle is proposed to have 4 sections, all tethered together during the entire flight such

that they are attached after any separation events (Vehicle Requirements 1.4, 1.5).

A pre-flight configuration procedure will be developed and implemented that is

achievable in the specified 2 hour time frame. A power budget will be used to justify

38

required system runtime of all critical on-board components to maintain at least one

hour of functionality while on the launch pad (Vehicle Requirements 1.6, 1.7).

Rail buttons to be mounted on the vehicle body will be compatible with the 1010 rail.

The ballast system to control altitude will not consist of any more than 10% of the total

mass of the unballasted rocket vehicle (Vehicle Requirements 1.8, 1.14).

A full-scale demonstration flight with full-scale motor (Cesaroni K1440) and payload

onboard will be performed and reviewed to ensure functionality and integrity of all

systems. In the event that the payload is not included, mass simulators will be utilized

aboard the rocket. If we use mass simulators, their position in the vehicle will accurately

reflect the mass location of the full scale system. Our demonstration flight will include

the complete ballast system to be used in the official flight. Our mentor, Pat Gordzelik

(TRA Vice President), will be present at the full-scale demonstration launch and

certifying our flight form. After successfully completing the full-scale demonstration

flight, the launch vehicle or any of its components shall not be modified without the

concurrence of the NASA Range Safety Officer (RSO); however, a successful full scale

demonstration will warrant no needed changes to our rocket design

(Vehicle Requirements 1.15).

Our projected budget will allow the total cost of the rocket and payload to be

approximately $3,200, less than the $5,000 limit (Vehicle Requirements 1.16). The

breakdown of each subsystem cost is shown in Table 7.

Table 7 – Technical Design Cost Summary

Subsystem Cost

Payload $877.16

Recovery System $1,496.15

Motor $297.87

Vehicle Housing $400.06

Pursuant to the listed prohibitions, the design of vehicle will have no forward canards,

one rearward firing motor, and will not expel titanium sponges. Furthermore, our design

includes only one solid-propellant motor (Vehicle Requirements 1.17).

39

Recovery System Requirements

A dual-stage deployment recovery system will be employed. The upper section consists

of the nosecone, main parachute, main deployment altimeter housing, and payload

sections tethered together. The booster section contains the drogue parachute, drogue

deployment altimeter housing, and motor sections tethered together. The proposed

total weight of the upper section is = 4.60 kilograms, while that of the booster section

is = 4.64 kilograms. By the maximum final descent rate of = 3.91 meters per

second, the maximum terminal kinetic energy of the upper section is then

=

35.16 Joules = 25.93 feet pound force, while that of the booster section is 35.47 Joules

= 26.16 feet pound force, each less than the required maximum 75 feet pound force

terminal kinetic energy. Calculating descent time after each event to be t = d/v where d

= distance travelled in feet and v = maximum descent velocity upon each event, the first

part of descent takes no less than 65.06 seconds while the second half of the descent

takes no less than 38.97 seconds. In a constant 15 mile per hour wind, the concept of

relative velocity enables the calculation of a landing radius of 1,430.46 feet for the first

half of the descent with an additional 857.44 feet for the second half. The maximum

landing radius is thus found to be (1,430.46 + 857.44) feet = 2,287.9 feet from the

launch pad which is within the required 2,500 feet maximum landing radius (Recovery

Systems Requirements 2.1 – 2.3).

The main Featherweight Raven3 and the backup PerfectFlite StratoLogger altimeters as

well as the BeeLine GPS will be programmed independently of the payload and

monitored remotely using the manufacturer software. Each deployment will be

controlled by two altimeters, the main a Featherweight Raven3 and the backup a

PerfectFlite StratoLogger. They will be equipped with an externally accessible magnetic

arming switch capable of being locked in the “on” position for launch. The magnetic

arming switches will not generate magnetic waves because current is not run through

the magnets when locked. The arming switches dedicated to the dual altimeters

controlling main parachute deployment will be located at 5 feet above the base of the

launch vehicle, while those dedicated to the dual altimeters controlling drogue

parachute deployment will be located at 2 feet above the base of the launch vehicle.

The altimeters shall have their own dedicated power supplies; the chosen altimeters are

each capable of running independently for weeks on a standard 9V battery. Each

altimeter will be programmed to light a one-foot-long low-current Daveyfire N28BR

electric match to ignite two separate black powder charges, one main and one backup,

to ensure separation and ejection (Recovery Systems Requirements 2.4 – 2.9, 2.12.1,

2.12.3, 2.13).

40

Removable threaded nylon shear pins will be inserted through holes drilled on either

side of the couplings between the nosecone shoulder and main parachute compartment

and between the payload and drogue parachute compartments (Recovery Systems

Requirements 2.10).

A 1.25-inch BeeLine GPS will be mounted inside of each the nosecone and upper

internal outer motor compartment with a corresponding ground receiver located on the

launch site. The upper section contains tethered together the nosecone, main

parachute, main parachute altimeter housing, and payload sections, while the bottom

component contains tethered together the drogue parachute, drogue parachute

altimeter housing, and motor sections. In order to locate each of the two tethered

vehicle sections, a 1.25-inch BeeLine GPS will be mounted inside of each the nosecone

and under the bulkhead of the drogue compartment. The mounting precautions taken

along with the eight-hour battery life of the included Lithium-Poly battery, the non-

volatile flight-data memory storage (three hours at 1-Hz), and the user-programmable

transmission rates and output power will together ensure that the devices remain fully

functional during flight. The BeeLine GPS contains a fully integrated RF transmitter,

GPS and RF antennas, GPS Module, and battery all in one package, so while beeping

can be programmed to occur in conjunction with transmission, it does not replace the

transmitting tracking device (Recovery Systems Requirement 2.11).

Each set of altimeters are to be housed in a sealed 4.5-inch compartment below each

parachute compartment in the vehicle body. The transmitting tracking devices are to be

located in the nosecone and motor housings. There are several compartments between

the altimeters and the transmitting tracking devices in one case and at least a bulkhead

in between in the other case. There is also a full parachute compartment and a

bulkhead in between the main parachute altimeters and the payload, so no other

transmitting electronics on board should be able to interfere with any of the four

altimeters (Recovery Systems Requirement 2.12).

Pursuant to the listed prohibitions, our design will not include flashbulbs or a rear

ejection parachute design (Recovery Systems Requirement 2.14).

Payload Requirements

Option 3.1.3 (The Science Mission Directorate) shall be chosen for our payload design.

We hope to gain sponsorship for this selection. To ensure the SMD requirement of data

acquisition is met the team has done a trade and selection for pressure, temperature,

relative humidity, solar irradiance and ultraviolet radiation sensors. We have yet to

41

finalize our choice of sensor models. The proposed flight computer, Arduino Mega

2560-R3, is capable of operating at one iteration every 5 seconds or faster. After it has

detected a successful landing it will reduce the clock cycles to once every minute. After

10 minutes on the ground it shall stop collecting data. The onboard camera shall take

pictures at two predetermined heights during the descent phase of the rocket. After

landing, pictures will be taken in 3 minute intervals until the payload has terminated

processing data. Methods of controlling camera orientation will be investigated. All

images will be stored to an onboard micro-SD memory device, while all telemetry shall

be transmitted via XBee radios to our ground station. A Locosys LS20031 GPS unit will

be used to track the location of our payload. During the flight, the payload will not

separate from the upper section of the rocket. The rocket is being designed with the

intention of being launched more than once; our payload will be recovered and reused

without any modifications (Payload Requirements 3.1.3, 3.5).

Upon retrieving the flight and sensor data from the onboard SD card it will be analyzed

following the scientific method (Payload Requirements 3.2).

Our proposed rocket will not include any UAV components and will not require any

jettison events (Payload Requirements 3.3, 3.4).

General Requirements

The Team Safety Officer has prepared and will enforce the use of the launch and safety

checklist as presented in the safety section. It will be included in the PDR, CDR, FRR,

and launch day operations. No part of the project has been done by anyone other than

the team members of the Tarleton Aeronautical Team. Our project plan is included

within our proposal and will be overseen by our project manager Dustin. All current

members are at least 18 years of age and US citizens. These members are identified in

the school information section of our proposal (General Requirements 4.1 – 4.3, 4.5,

4.6).

Our TRA mentor, Pat Gordzelik, is level 3 certified with NAR and TRA. He is currently

the vice president of the TRA. His TRA membership number is 5746. The Team Safety

Officer will ensure that the team abides by the rules and guidance of Mr. Gordzelik. Our

faculty mentors are Dr. Bryant Wyatt and Dr. Bowen Brawner. Dr. Brawner is level 1

certified with NAR (General Requirements 4.4, 4.5, 4.7).

The Team Educational Outreach Coordinator is in charge of the educational

engagement portion of the project. He has planned multiple events to involve at least

42

100 middle-school students and educators. The Team Web Designer will be in charge

of developing and maintaining the team Web site where all required deliverables will be

posted (General Requirements 4.8, 4.9).

f. Challenges and Solutions

Reaching an Apogee of One Mile

Several energy management ideas have been researched. The proposed design

approximates the total mass and uses the Open Rocket simulation software to calculate

apogee. If the apogee height is above one mile, a ballast mass of less than ten percent

of the total mass would be added to the nosecone.

Camera Orientation

To force the camera to stay oriented such that the pictures display the sky at the top

and the ground at the bottom, a multi-servo mechanism controlled by a gyroscope and a

microprocessor has been considered.

Maintaining Telemetry

Through past experience with wireless transmission at high acceleration, the team

realizes that maintaining telemetry throughout the flight will be a challenge. One

consideration to solve this challenge is an automated tracking system based on GPS,

acceleration, and altitude data transmitted from the payload.

Protecting Sensors from Atmospheric Damage

The initial rocket design allowed the pyranometer, UV sensor, and camera to be

exposed to the outer atmosphere. To protect these sensors and to simplify the design

the proposed solution is the use of a clear acrylic payload structure. Through testing the

team will calculate the effects of clear acrylic on the accuracy of these sensors and the

clarity of the camera pictures.

Structural Integrity of Acrylic

One perceived challenge is the strength of acrylic. The strength of acrylic will be

measured through testing. If the measured strength does not meet the standards of a

high powered rocket, supplementary payload designs will be implemented

43

Educational Engagement

Outreach Goals

The education outreach goal is to promote student interest and attitudes toward studies

in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The target population is

area middle school science and mathematics students. Many of the classrooms in the

region serve high numbers of Hispanic and low socio-economic students, who have

historically been underrepresented in the STEM fields. The Department of Labor report

The STEM Workforce Challenge (2007) emphasized that the low engagement of

students from these demographics, who comprise a growing proportion of the college

population, is a major concern to U.S. competitiveness and growth.

The project design is made up of four interrelated initiatives that are increasing in scope

and size. The first three specifically target students in grades 6th through 8th (middle

school) while the fourth initiative reaches out to the community at large. The initiatives

specific to middle school students include single class lessons, large group activities,

and field trips to the University. The fourth initiative is our community outreach event.

The team will construct and use math and science lesson plans encouraging students to pursue STEM fields. All lessons and activities will use best practices, complying with state and national standards for STEM education for the appropriate grade levels (http://www.education.ne.gov/science/Documents/National_Science_Standardspdf.pdf, http://www.education.com/reference/article/Ref_National_Grade_8_Math/). Research has shown that using hands-on activities and investigations leads to greater student engagement and deeper understanding of STEM concepts. Lou F., a biology major pursing teacher certification, is the lead on all educational initiatives. Implementation of the first three initiatives will require two to four team members to visit

local school STEM classrooms. Lessons will focus on the three laws of Newtonian

motion, incorporating interactive activities to help the students learn the material.

Students will also be given worksheets involving measurements of an actual rocket to

assist with visual learning.

Rockets from the Advanced Rocketry Workshop in Huntsville, Alabama will be used for

demonstrations. The use of real rockets will help maintain student attention and assist

the students in the learning process. Students will compare the motor tube size to the

airframe and measure the size of the fins. They will also learn how to calculate the

thrust-to-weight ratio of a rocket and the proper ratio that should be used when

launching a rocket. In addition the team plans to survey established and effective

https://sn2prd0106.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=YBqzQDDrH0W_OpEl9njgOUjydB7nWc8IS-m22KrwOMj9vIhWboeBrJf5X9zcmT08yTHkLGTu_z0.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.education.ne.gov%2fscience%2fDocuments%2fNational_Science_Standardspdf.pdf

https://sn2prd0106.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=YBqzQDDrH0W_OpEl9njgOUjydB7nWc8IS-m22KrwOMj9vIhWboeBrJf5X9zcmT08yTHkLGTu_z0.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.education.com%2freference%2farticle%2fRef_National_Grade_8_Math%2f

44

lessons that are available through the Web and other resources. Other STEM topics

within the school curriculum pertaining to rocketry may also be discussed.

The middle school campus visits will include bottle rocket launches. These

presentations will allow students to launch their own two liter water rockets into the air.

Stations will be set up with a mount such that every student will get a chance to launch

his or her own water rocket.

The community outreach portion, Tarleton Rocket Day, is designed as a follow-up event

to the educational initiatives. Tarleton Rocket Day will bring out the larger community

and the families of these middle school students to experience the science of rocketry in

a fun, engaging environment. The event should improve parental understanding of

science and change their attitudes about STEM careers. This will increase the likelihood

that they will encourage their child’s future pursuits in STEM fields.

Tarleton Rocket Day is tentatively scheduled to take place on the Tarleton State

University campus on March 23, 2013. Tarleton University President Dr. Dottavio has

already expressed his support of this event. Families from nearby surrounding towns

will be invited to come enjoy a day with our rocket team and learn about the principles of

rocketry. While the first three of our four educational initiatives are aimed at middle

school students, there will be no age limit for Tarleton Rocket Day.

Different stations set up all over campus will include water rocket stations for younger

students and a higher powered rocket station for high school students. There will also

be poster stations all over campus to teach students about specific rockets and how

they work, including how to successfully launch a rocket. Students will get to hear

about some of the failures from our past rocket launches and how to prevent them.

There will also be a station to show students how to specifically calculate the

displacement of a rocket. This aids in finding a landed rocket in case sight of it is lost

during descent.

Students will also learn about the NASA Student Launch Initiative (SLI), a project which

would prepare them for university student competitions such as the NASA University

Student Launch Initiative (USLI). This will further stimulate the amount of students

heading towards STEM fields.

Since students will need to be monitored to ensure safe launches, many of the team

members will be present for these activities. A dedicated team member will show the

students how to properly place their rockets on the mount. Each mount will then be

inspected by a team member prior to launch. Under the supervision of a designated

45

team member each student will have the design freedom to paint his or her own rocket

and choose a basic fin shape.

Area schools that have already committed to participation in our educational initiatives

are listed below. Those in the first table are expected to be reached by the first two

initiatives, while those in the second table will likely participate in the second two

initiatives. We expect to reach approximately 2,500 area middle school students.

Comprehensive feedback will be gathered through evaluation surveys given to

participants at each event. All surveys will be compiled and reviewed by the team. An

action plan will be implemented to ameliorate any problems.

Table 8 – Lessons and Group Activities

Middle School Location Expected Number of Students Reached

Cross Plains Cross Plains, TX 76443 46

Hamilton Junior High Hamilton, TX 76531 38

Henderson Junior High Stephenville, TX 76401 63

Glen Rose Junior High Glen Rose, TX 76403 27

Table 9 – Field Trips and Rocket Day

Middle School Location Expected Number of Students Reached

St. Stephen’s Episcopal School

Austin, TX 78746 205

Harmony Science Academy San Antonio, TX 78245 192

Harmony Science Academy Waco, TX 76710 120

Greenhill School Addison, TX 75001 266

Harmony Science Academy Fort Worth, TX 76133 143

Carrollton Christian Academy Carrollton, TX 75010 105

Santo Forte Junior High School

Azle, TX 76020 418

Westview Middle School Austin, TX 78727 859

Briscoe Junior High School Richmond, TX 77406 1146

Harmony School of Ingenuity Houston, TX 77025 103

46

Table 10 – Educational Engagement Budget

Material Quantity Company Price

5” corner irons 20 Stanley $ 91.80

¾” wood screws 200 Bolt Depot $ 12.56

5” mounting plate 1 none Created

6” spikes 10 Jamar $ 5.00

10” spikes 50 pound

bag Daybag Outlet $ 64.00

5x¼” carriage bolts 10 Drillspot $ 5.80

¼” nuts 200 Wholesale

Bolts $ 2.78

3” eyebolt 50 Grainger $ 25.05

¾” washers 20 Grainger $ 5.47

¼” nuts (for eyebolt) 200 Wholesale

Bolts $ 2.78

¼” washers (for eyebolt) 50 Amazon $ 5.20

#3 rubber stopper – 1

hole 1 WidgetCo $ 0.59

snap-in tubeless tire

valve 50 Grainger $ 67.28

12”x18”x¾” wood board 1 none Created

2 liter plastic bottle 1 Wal-Mart $ 2.67

electric drill & bits 1 none Have

Screwdriver 1 none Have

pliers or open-end

wrench 1 none Have

Vice 1 Wal-Mart $ 19.00

12’ of ¼” cord 1 none Have

Pencil 1 none Have

Total per unit $ 309.98

Total for 10 mounts $ 3,099.80

*Used for bottle rocket launch pad for students in 2 liter water rocket launching activity.

47

Figure 21 – Traveling Estimate

Table 11 – Educational Engagement Travel Budget

Miles Gas (gallons) Cost

282 18.8 $62.04

*Estimate for gasoline priced on 8/1/12 subject to change, fuel based on 15 passenger

van: estimated 15 miles per gallon highway.

Figure 21 shows distance of travel to different schools for educational engagement.

Mileage is calculated from round-trips. Table 12 gives a projected budget for the

planned Tarleton Rocket Day.

Table 12 – Tarleton Rocket Day Budget

Material Quantity Company Price

Poster 10 Office Depot $ 147.90

1/2A6-2 Motor 10 Estes $ 110.10

Blue Streak

Rocket 10 Apogee $ 105.10

Total $ 363.10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Cross Plains Glen Rose Hamilton Stephenville

M

i

l

e

s

Town

Traveling

Traveling

48

Project Plan

1. Timeline

The Tarleton Aeronautical Team understands that a project of this magnitude requires a

lot of time and dedication. We have organized the following schedule to meet the

requirements of the project, as shown below in Table 13. Gantt Charts detailing the

project timeline follow.

Table 13 - Tentative Meeting Schedule

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

8:00am Sub-Team Meetings and Flight Testing

Sub-Team Meetings and Flight Testing

9:00am

10:00am

11:00am

12:00pm Team Meeting

Team Meeting

1:00pm Sub-Team Meetings and Flight Testing

2:00pm

3:00pm

4:00pm Sub-Team Meetings

5:00pm Team Meeting

6:00pm

7:00pm

8:00pm

49

Figure 22 – USLI Dates

50

Figure 23 – Team Dates

51

2. Budget Plan

A summary of the costs for various aspects of the project has been assembled into

chart format for efficiency and ease of use. Table 14 refers to pertinent information

about the rocket motor, motor casing, as well as motor retainer.

Table 14 – Propulsion Budget

Manufacturer Item Distributor Price

Cesaroni K1440 Apogee $157.94

Aeropack 54mm Motor

Retainer Apogee $34.00

Cesaroni 54mm 6-Grain

Case Apogee $105.93

Total Cost of Propulsion System $297.87

Table 15 is a list of all currently proposed payload components and their prices as well

as other pertinent data.

Table 15 – Payload Electronic Components Budget

Purpose Component Price Quantity Total

Flight Computer

Arduino 2560-R3 $58.95 1 $58.95

Arduino Pro Mini $18.95 2 $37.90

Pressure, Temperature

BMP180 $15.00 4 $60.00

Humidity HIH4030 $16.95 2 $33.90

Ultraviolent Radiation

TOCON_ABC3 $148.00 2 $296.00

Solar Irradiance

TSL2561 $12.50 2 $25.00

Wireless Transmitter

XBee-PRO XSC S3B

$42.00 1 $42.00

XBee Adapter

Parallax 32403 $2.99 1 $2.99

GPS LS20031 $60.00 1 $60.00

Camera VC0706 $42.00 2 $84.00

On Board Storage

16GB Micro-SD $9.99 3 $29.97

52

Table 15 – Payload Electronics Components Budget (Cont’d)

Micro-SD Adapter

Adafruit 254 $15.00 3 $45.00

LCD Sparkfun 11062 $34.95 1 $34.95

Power Supply

U9VLBP $6.65 10 $66.50

Total Price Spent on the Payload Electronic Components $877.16

Approximate cost for proposed ground station design amounts to $2500.

The following budgets have been estimated from the trade selection contained in each

of the above sections and rounded for clarity. The launch day rocket and payload

budget is $3,415 (Figure 24). In accordance with competition guidelines, this amount

does not exceed $5,000. This portion of the budget includes the cost of materials for

the recovery system, payload, vehicle, and motor to be used on launch day. For

research and development (R&D) the proposed budget is $13,800 (Figure 25). This

includes an estimated SMD Payload (R&D) cost of $5,000. The total budget (Figure 26)

includes educational outreach ($3,500) and team travel to competition ($9,200), giving a

total project budget of $29,915.

Figure 24 – Launch Day Rocket and Payload

$1,500.00 44%

$980.00 29%

$600.00 17%

$335.00 10%

Launch Day Rocket and Payload

Recovery

Payload

Vehicle

Motor

53

Figure 25 - Research and Development

Figure 26 - Total Project Budget

$5,000.00 36%

$4,000.00 29%

$3,000.00 22%

$1,800.00 13%

Research and Development

Payload

Motor

Recovery

Vehicle

$13,800.00 46%

$9,200.00 31%

$3,500.00 12%

$3,415.00 11%

Total Project Budget

Research andDevelopment

Travel

Education

Launch Day Rocket andPayload

54

3. Funding – Tarleton State University (TSU) and others

TSU President’s Circle, the Provost’s Office, the Dean of the College of

Science and the Tarleton Foundation: $11,500 (Received 8/29/2012)

NASA SMD Payload: $2780 (Pending Approval)

DUNS: 801781865 Cage Code: 5RTD4

TSU REAL Grants: $1500- $3000 Committed.

TSU Student Research Grant: $8000-$12000 Committed.

Local Businesses: $250 Received 7/8/2012.

Texas Space Grant Consortium: Proposal Submitted to director on

8/27/2012; Awaiting Response

SpaceX: We are in correspondence with the educational outreach officer

at Space X in McGregor, Texas

4. Community Support Plan

Parallelus Incorporated

Local electronic company that will review the circuitry and

programming aspects of our design reviews.

Community Volunteer Engineering Review Board

A panel of expert engineers from local industry will review and

critique our design and documentation.

Marsha Decker – Technical Editor

English Adjunct Instructor who will review the grammatical aspects

and format of our design reviews.

Various Small Businesses

Due to the team’s effort, local businesses have expressed interest

in supporting the Tarleton Aeronautical Team.

5. Challenges and Solutions

Time Management

The project requires a time intensive schedule to complete tasks.

We will organize our time thoroughly. Time also must be delegated

appropriately to ensure completion of the project.

Budget Management

All cost will be carefully documented and maintained such that we

can monitor budget standing throughout the course of the project.

Documentation Management

55

On top of community supported reviews we have scheduled team

reviews of all documentation prior to specified deadlines. We will

utilize DropBox, an online storage means, so that all members have

access to documents. Each team member is responsible for the

upkeep of documentation to their specified sub-system.

6. Project Sustainability Plan

By sponsoring a rocket day, the rocket team plans to begin an annual event that will

make a lasting impact on Tarleton’s campus. This should draw interest and

sustainability to the project. We also plan to present at student research symposiums on

campus as well as at affiliated universities. Our success at the CanSat competition last

semester has already sparked interest in the program. Interest in aeronautics at

Tarleton has grown incredibly since the team’s inception.

Deliverables as stated in the SOW

1. A reusable rocket and science or engineering payload ready for the official launch.

2. A scale model of the rocket design with a payload prototype. This model should be

flown prior to the CDR. A report of the data from the flight and the model should be

brought to the CDR.

3. Reports, PowerPoint presentations, and Milestone Review Flysheets due according

to the provided timeline, and shall be posted on the team Web site by the due date.

(Dates are tentative at this point. Final dates will be announced at the time of award.)

4. The team(s) shall have a Web presence no later than the date specified. The Web

site shall be maintained/updated throughout the period of performance.

5. Electronic copies of the Educational Engagement form(s) and comprehensive

feedback pertaining to the implemented educational engagement activities shall be

submitted prior to the FRR.

The team shall participate in a PDR, CDR, FRR, LRR, and PLAR. (Dates are tentative

and subject to change.)

The PDR, CDR, FRR, and LRR will be presented to NASA at a time and/or location to

be determined by NASA MSFC Academic Affairs Office.

56

Appendix A – Resumes

Dustin Neighbors

(806) 319-3723 1073 West Long Street

[email protected] Stephenville, TX 76401

OBJECTIVE: Obtain a lead position on the Tarleton Aeronautical Team for which I may use my

knowledge, skills, and experience in Engineering and Physics in order to help solve group problems.

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

Superior management skills, thriving in a professional environment.

Outstanding conflict resolution skills, dealing with a broad range of personality types and

situations.

Strong computer skills, experience with various software packages.

Excellent problem solver and team player with natural leadership abilities

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Physics—Expected Dec. 2015

Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX

Minor in Mathematics

GPA—3.25 institutional, 3.25 cumulative

EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS

Project manager / Lead Engineer

International CanSat Competition, Aug 2011 – July 2012

WORK EXPERIENCE

Harvest Foreman

Neighbors Harvesting Inc. May 2007 – May 2010

Duties include but not limited to daily operations management, transportation logistics management,

as well as personnel management.

Maintenance Engineer

Susan Scheafer CPA

Cross Plains, TX July 2010 – present

Duties include building and grounds assessment, performing general maintenance, as well as managing

exterior remodel.

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

Sigma Alpha Phi (The National Society of Leadership and Success)

Appendix A - Resumes

57

Jake Rhodes

(254) 396-3607 1071 North Harbin Drive

[email protected] Stephenville, Texas 76401

OBJECTIVE: Obtain a position on the Tarleton Aeronautical Team, and utilize my knowledge and skills in

engineering to work on team projects.


Excellent experience with conflict resolution, dealing with a broad range of personality types and

situations.

Able to work with computers well, experience with a wide range of software, and comfortable

with programming and programming applications.

Adept problem solver, and work very well with teammates and colleagues.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Engineering Physics--May 2012

Minor in Mathematics,



2012 International CanSat Competition- -Electrical Power System Engineering

Radio Interferometry Using Commercial Satellite Receivers- -Project Designer and co author

Asteroid Detection Using Tarleton’s 0.8 meter Telescope- -Student Research in Astronomy

Radio Astronomy Pointing and Tracking System (RAPTrS)- - Project Designer and Programmer

WORK EXPERIENCE

Student Research in Astronomy

Tarleton State University Observatory

March 2009 to present

Duties include nightly operation of the 32 inch telescope, observational sessions of eclipsing binaries,

supernovae, asteroids and galaxies, and system troubleshooting and engineering.

Customer Service and Shuttle

Rhodes Canoe Rental LLC

Glen Rose, TX

May 2005 to present

Duties include managing inventory and cash flows, shuttling customers, conflict resolution with customers,

and performing general maintenance, including automotive and sheet metal repair.


58

John Phillips (254) 485-1527 7671 FM 929

[email protected] Gatesville, Texas 76528

OBJECTIVE: Obtain a position on the Tarleton Aeronautical Team in order to apply the skills I have been

learning in the classroom

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION

A hardworking individual who is reliable and self-sufficient.

Good at working with a team to develop ideas.

Demonstrates proficiency in programming and a passion for learning

EDUCATION

Pursuing Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, GPA: 3.6 May 2013



Software Developer, 2012 International CanSat Competition; Abilene, TX June 2012

Software Developer, BotBall Educational Robotics Program August 2006 – May 2010

WORK EXPERIENCE

Student Technician, Center for Instructional Innovation

Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX August 2011 to Present

Duties include but not limited to troubleshooting computers, and assisting faculty and students with

computer related problems.

C++, Data Structures, and Operating Systems Tutor, Self Employed

Stephenville, TX January 2012 to present

Duties include one on one tutoring of advanced C++ programming as well as topics related to data

structures and operating systems.

Lifeguard, City of Gatesville

Gatesville, TX June 2008 to September 2010

Duties included assisting patrons with injuries and other related problems.


59

Billy Fournier

(817) 240-4202 805 N. Lillian St.

[email protected] Stephenville, TX 76401

OBJECTIVE: Obtain a position on the Tarleton Aeronautical Team, providing my experience and

knowledge to the team.


16 years of computer diagnostics and repair experience, familiarity with a broad range of

software, and ability to program in FORTRAN and C++ proficiently.

Working as a team while utilizing creative, initiative, and a competitive drive to overcome all

obstacles.

Provided effective communication, organizational skills, time management, and a weighted

decision-making process, while remaining proficient with the assigned tasks.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Mathematic

Expected Dec. 2013


GPA 3.05

Associates Degree in Accounting and Business Management Dec. 2009

Hill College, Cleburne, TX

GPA 3.33


Electrical Engineer/Software Developer, International CanSat Competition, Abilene, TX June. 2012

WORK EXPERIENCE

Owner/Operator, Advanced Diesel Services (A.D.S) July

2005 – Aug 2007 Squad Leader, United States Army Oct

2003 – July 2005 Psychological Operations Specialist Information Systems Security Officer (ISSO) Network and Computer Systems Administrator High Powered Radio Operator/Maintainer, United States Army July 2000 – Oct 2003 Information systems operator – Analyst Technician, Special Operations Media Systems Bravo (SOMB-B) Technician, Tactical Amplitude Modulation Transmitter 10kW (TAMT-10)

Assisted with engineering the re-design with BAE systems for use by the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.)

Soldier, Bravo Company 3rd

Battalion 4th Psychological Operations Group

US Army Airborne School

US Army Air Assault School

S.E.R.E HIGH RISK School (Level C), US Special Warfare Center

Emergency Lifesaver, Fayetteville Technical Community College

Combat Lifesaver School, US Army Training Support Center

US Army AN/TRQ-44 Training (50kW Transmitter), Continental Transmitter Services

Microwave Systems School (1080 hours), US Army Signal Center


60

Amber Dayhare (480)768-7874 17930 S US Hwy 377

[email protected] Dublin, TX 76446

OBJECTIVE: Obtain a position on the Tarleton Aeronautical Team for which I may use my knowledge,

skills, and experience in Mathematics and Physics in order to help solve group problems.


Highly organized and academically driven, is able to work well both in teams and individually.

Experienced with wide range of software and systems, including MatLab, Mathematica, Microsoft

(Excel, Word, PowerPoint), FORTRAN, C++, Windows (Vista, 7), and Ubuntu Linux.

Communicates proficiently in German, English, and Spanish.

EDUCATION

Tarleton State University—Stephenville, TX

GPA—3.78 institutional, 3.66 cumulative, 4.00 past three consecutive semesters

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics—Expected Dec. 2012

Bachelor of Science in Physics—Expected May 2013


Nonparametric Analysis of CMB Angular Power Spectra Generated from QUaD Data—Indep.

Research in Cosmology—Apr. 2012 – Present

Modeling and Optimizating Control of Spread of Mastitis from a Reservoir—Student Research in

Mathematics—Aug. 2011 – Jan. 2012

Modeling and Optimizing Control of Spread of Cholera from a Reservoir—Student Research in

Mathematics—Dec. 2010 – Aug. 2011

WORK EXPERIENCE

Student Research in Mathematics

Tarleton State University Mathematics Department—Stephenville, TX

Dec. 2010 – Jan. 2012

Duties include literature research, model optimization, model code implementation in Mathematica, and

weekly meetings and communications with mentor and teammate.

Tutor

Tarleton State University Athletics Department Men’s Basketball Team—Stephenville, TX Jun. 2012 –

Present

Duties include test preparation, provision of outside resources, and guided homework assistance in

University-level Mathematics on an individual basis, meeting two to five times weekly for one to three

hours per session.

Private Employ—De Leon, TX

Feb. 2010 – Sep. 2011

Duties include test preparation, provision of outside resources, and guided homework assistance in high-

school-level Mathematics, Science, and English on an individual basis with two students, meeting two to

five times weekly per student for one to five hours per session.


61

Bert Hess (254) 396-3975 1181 Deer Trail

[email protected] Glen Rose, Texas 76043


electronics and software to work on team projects.


Proficient in a number of programming languages, including C, C++, Java, Matlab and assembly

language.

Experienced in circuit design and analysis, PCB layout and construction, and microprocessor

applications.

Adept problem solver, and able to work very well with teammates and colleagues.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering -- May 2012

The University of Texas, Austin, TX

Specialty in Robotics and Embedded Systems


2011 IEEExtreme Programming Competition- -Lead Programmer

Lightning Strike Detection Using NI MyDAQ Units- -Lead Programmer and Circuit Analyst

Mindstorms NXT Robotics Project- -Programming and Problem-Solving Using Mindstorms Robotics

WORK EXPERIENCE

Adjunct Electronics Instructor

ITT Technical Institute

Waco, TX June 2012 – present

Duties include teaching classes in digital electronics and microprocessor function, preparing course plans,

constructing laboratory experiments, and interacting with students.

Supplemental Instructor


Stephenville, TX January 2008 – May 2008

Duties included providing additional lecture to students, monitoring lab activities and examinations,

distribution and grading of quizzes and homework assignments.



62

Blake Lon-Wiley

(817) 946-6589 1240 West Jones Street Apt. No. 5



engineering to work on team projects.


Over 2 years’ experience tutoring and grading math

Very reliable, diligent, persistent worker

Wonderful communicator with fellow teammates, tutors, and when helping people

Goal Orientated, amazing time management skills, resourceful, and professional

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics--December 2011


Minor in Computer Information Systems

Master of Science in Mathematics--December 2013


Minor in Computer Information Systems


2012 International Can Sat Competition- -Ground Station, Radio System, Software Engineer, and

Management

WORK EXPERIENCE

Graduate Assistant for Academic Support

Tarleton State University Stephenville, TX July 2012 to Present

Duties include developing a tutor training program to allow for recertification process for college of reading

and learning association

Graduate Assistant for the Math Clinic

Tarleton State University Stephenville, TX January 2012 to July 2012

Duties include assisted in training sessions for tutors of the math clinic, conflict resolution, helped with

scheduling requirements


63

Lauren Chelsea Ketchum

(254) 592-4185 1402 West Long Street Unit B



a team setting.


Over 4 years’ experience tutoring in math and English.

Experience working with Cascade, MatLab, Mathematica, AutoDesk (AutoCAD and Inventor),

Microsoft (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher).

Works well with others in order to achieve a common goal.

Professional time management skills, organizational skills, along with great communication within

a team setting.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Manufacturing Engineering Technology—December 2013


Minor in Mathematics

WORK EXPERIENCE

Student Worker for Quality Enhancement Plan: R.E.A.L. Initiative


Stephenville, TX April 2011 to Present

Duties include student worker training sessions, website managing with Cascade, scheduling, and

communication skills.

Math Tutor for the Athletic Department


Stephenville, TX August 2010 to Present

Duties include tutor training sessions, experience in mathematics and English courses.


64

Louis Fowler

(979) 204-4406 805 North Lillian Street



education to work on team projects.


Cohesive personality, able to calm other team members down quickly and effectively, extremely

responsible, hard-working and great for team encouragement.

Proficient typist with 100 words per minute with zero mistakes.

Team negotiator with wonderful problem solving skills and the ability to convince two sides of a

situation to reach a compromise.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Biology—Expected May 2014


Minor in Psychology


2012 Advanced Rocketry Workshop – certified in level 1 high-powered rocketry

WORK EXPERIENCE

Disaster Recovery Technician

Reynolds & Reynolds Summer 2010

Duties include but not limited to repairing hardware on recovery center, light installation and correction on

inside of recovery center, working with clients to ensure recovery centers are ready by needed due date.

Bench Technician

Reynolds & Reynolds

College Station, TX October 2008 – March 2009

Duties include managing drawers for customers, maintenance and repair of broken drawers, performance

check of drawers, cleaning up the workplace at the end of the workday.

65

Appendix B – EIT Accessibility Standards

B.1. § 1194.21 Software applications and operating systems.

(a) When software is designed to run on a system that has a keyboard, product

functions shall be executable from a keyboard where the function itself or the result

of performing a function can be discerned textually.

(b) Applications shall not disrupt or disable activated features of other products that are

identified as accessibility features, where those features are developed and

documented according to industry standards. Applications also shall not disrupt or

disable activated features of any operating system that are identified as accessibility

features where the application programming interface for those accessibility features

has been documented by the manufacturer of the operating system and is available to

the product developer.

(c) A well-defined on-screen indication of the current focus shall be provided that moves

among interactive interface elements as the input focus changes. The focus shall be

programmatically exposed so that assistive technology can track focus and focus

changes.

(d) Sufficient information about a user interface element including the identity, operation

and state of the element shall be available to assistive technology. When an image

represents a program element, the information conveyed by the image must also be

available in text.

(e) When bitmap images are used to identify controls, status indicators, or other

programmatic elements, the meaning assigned to those images shall be consistent

throughout an application's performance.

(f) Textual information shall be provided through operating system functions for

displaying text. The minimum information that shall be made available is text content,

text input caret location, and text attributes.

(g) Applications shall not override user selected contrast and color selections and other

individual display attributes.

(h) When animation is displayed, the information shall be displayable in at least one

non-animated presentation mode at the option of the user.

(i) Color coding shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating

an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.


66

(j) When a product permits a user to adjust color and contrast settings, a variety of color

selections capable of producing a range of contrast levels shall be provided.

(k) Software shall not use flashing or blinking text, objects, or other elements having a

flash or blink frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.

(l) When electronic forms are used, the form shall allow people using assistive

technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for

completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.

B.2. § 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications.

(a) A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via “alt”,

“longdesc”, or in element content).

(b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with

the presentation.

(c) Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with color is also

available without color, for example from context or markup.

(d) Documents shall be organized so they are readable without requiring an associated

style sheet.

(e) Redundant text links shall be provided for each active region of a server-side image

map.

(f) Client-side image maps shall be provided instead of server-side image maps except

where the regions cannot be defined with an available geometric shape.

(g) Row and column headers shall be identified for data tables.

(h) Markup shall be used to associate data cells and header cells for data tables that

have two or more logical levels of row or column headers.

(i) Frames shall be titled with text that facilitates frame identification and navigation.


67

(j) Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency

greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.

(k) A text-only page, with equivalent information or functionality, shall be provided to

make a web site comply with the provisions of this part, when compliance cannot be

accomplished in any other way. The content of the text-only page shall be updated

whenever the primary page changes.

(l) When pages utilize scripting languages to display content, or to create interface

elements, the information provided by the script shall be identified with functional text

that can be read by assistive technology.

(m) When a web page requires that an applet, plug-in or other application be present on

the client system to interpret page content, the page must provide a link to a plug-in or

applet that complies with §1194.21(a) through (l).

(n) When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow

people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and

functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions

and cues.

(o) A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive navigation links.

(p) When a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted and given sufficient

time to indicate more time is required.

Note to §1194.22: 1. The Board interprets paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section as

consistent with the following priority 1 Checkpoints of the Web Content Accessibility

Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0) (May 5, 1999) published by the Web Accessibility Initiative

of the World Wide Web Consortium:

Section 1194.22

paragraph WCAG 1.0 checkpoint

(a) 1.1

(b) 1.4

(c) 2.1

(d) 6.1

(e) 1.2

(f) 9.1


68

(g) 5.1

(h) 5.2

(i) 12.1

(j) 7.1

(k) 11.4

2. Paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section are different from WCAG 1.0. Web

pages that conform to WCAG 1.0, level A (i.e., all priority 1 checkpoints) must also meet

paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section to comply with this section. WCAG

1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505.

B.3. § 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers.

(a) All mechanically operated controls and keys shall comply with §1194.23(k)(1)

through (4).

§1194.23

(k) Products which have mechanically operated controls or keys, shall

comply with the following:

(1) Controls and keys shall be tactilely discernible without activating

the controls or keys.

(2) Controls and keys shall be operable with one hand and shall not

require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force

required to activate controls and keys shall be 5 lbs. (22.2 N)

maximum.

(3) If key repeat is supported, the delay before repeat shall be

adjustable to at least 2 seconds. Key repeat rate shall be adjustable

to 2 seconds per character.

(4) The status of all locking or toggle controls or keys shall be

visually discernible, and discernible either through touch or sound.


69

(b) If a product utilizes touchscreens or touch-operated controls, an input method shall

be provided that complies with §1194.23 (k) (1) through (4).

§1194.23

(k) Products which have mechanically operated controls or keys, shall

comply with the following:

(1) Controls and keys shall be tactilely discernible without activating

the controls or keys.

(2) Controls and keys shall be operable with one hand and shall not

require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force

required to activate controls and keys shall be 5 lbs. (22.2 N)

maximum.

(3) If key repeat is supported, the delay before repeat shall be

adjustable to at least 2 seconds. Key repeat rate shall be adjustable

to 2 seconds per character.

(4) The status of all locking or toggle controls or keys shall be

visually discernible, and discernible either through touch or sound.

(c) When biometric forms of user identification or control are used, an alternative form of

identification or activation, which does not require the user to possess particular

biological characteristics, shall also be provided.

(d) Where provided, at least one of each type of expansion slots, ports and connectors

shall comply with publicly available industry standard

70

Appendix C – Pre Launch Check List

Compile this checklist at the launch pad under the supervision of a Launch Safety Officer (LSO) or appropriately certified NAR member. This checklist is to be completed and passed before the rocket is cleared to launch.

Structures: Inspect each component for security and flight worthiness

1. [ ] Nosecone 2. [ ] Airframe 3. [ ] Fins 4. [ ] Rail Buttons 5. [ ] Motor Retainer

Recovery: Inspect each component for security and flight worthiness.

6. [ ] Shock Cord –Secured between nosecone and forward ring eye-bolts 7. [ ] Chute Protector 8. [ ] Parachute – Fold and install parachute according to the parachute folding direction.

Propulsion: Inspect each component for security and flight worthiness.

9. [ ] Motor Case—Inspect for cleanliness 10. [ ] Motor Reload – Install into motor case per manufacturer’s instructions 11. [ ] Motor Retainer – Remove retainer cap, install motor, and reinstall retainer cap securely. 12. [ ] Igniter – Located and retain igniter until needed. ***DO NOT INSERT IGNITER***

Documentation:

13. [ ] Complete this checklist below and inform the Safety Officer, as well the Team Mentor for review.

Checklist is completed by: [name]_ [date]_ Checklist is reviewed by:

[name]_ [date]_

Proceed to Range Safety Officer (RSO) for final inspection and further instruction.

MSDS – ProX Rocket Motor Reload Kits Version 3.00

Revision Date. 2010-08-10

71

Appendix D – Launch Pad Checklist

Compile this checklist at the launch pad under the supervision of a Launch Safety Officer (LSO) or appropriately certified NAR member. This checklist is to be completed and passed before the rocket is cleared to launch.

Launch Pad:

1. [ ] Launch Rail – Inspect launch rail for excessive corrosion or snags that would risk the rocket jamming on the rail 2. [ ] Rocket – slide the rocket down onto the rail until it is against the rest.

Propulsion: - The Launch Control System (LCS) pad bank must be switched OFF.

3. [ ] insert igniter fully into the rocket motor thru the nozzle and install the nozzle cover. 4. [ ] Strip 1” – 2” of the wire’s sheath to expose both wire cores. 5. [ ] Short LCS circuit by tapping both alligator clips together. 6. [ ] Connect one wire core to each alligator clip wrapping the excess wire around the clip.

NOTE: The LSO may ask you to do any number of these steps in a different order. Be prepared to deviate from this checklist. If you feel you are being asked to do anything unsafe, respectfully ask for clarification on the reason for the change.

7. [ ] Before returning to the RSO tent, switch the LCS pad bank ON if you are the last person leaving the area.

Documentation:

8. [ ] Complete this checklist below and inform the Safety Officer, as well the Team Mentor for review.

Checklist is completed by: [name] [date] Checklist is reviewed by: [name] [date]

Return to the RSO tent with your Flight Card pad number filled in. After flight, remain behind RSO line until the field is reopened.



72

Appendix E–Material Safety Data Sheets

E.1

========================================================================= MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

=========================================================================

ProX Rocket Motor Reload Kits & Fuel Grains

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.0 PRODUCT / COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Product Name: Pro24, Pro29, Pro38, Pro54, Pro75, and Pro98 Rocket Motor Reload Kits

Synonyms: Rocket Motor Proper Shipping Name: Articles, Explosive, N.O.S. (Ammonium Perchlorate) Part Numbers: Reload kits: P24R-Y-#G-XX, P29R-Y-#G-XX, P38R-Y-#G-XX,

P54R-Y-#G-XX, P24R-Y-#GXL-XX, P29R-Y-#GXL-XX, P38R-Y-#GXL-XX, P54R-Y-#GXL-XX,

Propellant grains: P75AC-PG-XX, P98AC-PG-XX, P98AC-MB-PG-XX Where: Y = reload type (A = adjustable delay, C = C-slot)

# = number of grains & XX = propellant type

Product Use: Solid fuel motor for propelling rockets

Manufacturer: Cesaroni Technology Inc.

P.O. Box 246 2561 Stouffville Rd. Gormley, Ont.

Canada L0H 1G0 Telephone Numbers:

Product Information: 1-905-887-2370

24 Hour Emergency Telephone Number: 1-613-996-6666 (CANUTEC)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.0 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Propellant Ingredient Name

CAS Number

Percentage

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -----------------

Ammonium Perchlorate .................................................................................. 7790-98-9 40-85 %

Metal Powders ................................................................................................ Synthetic Rubber ............................................................................................

1-45 % 10-30 %

Black Powder Ignition pellet

Ingredient Name CAS Number Percentage

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -----------------

Potassium Nitrate............................................................................................ 7757-79-1 70-76 %

Charcoal.......................................................................................................... Sulphur............................................................................................................ Graphite ..........................................................................................................

n/a 7704-34-9 7782-42-5

8-18 % 9-20 % trace

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.0 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Emergency Overview:

There articles contain cylinders of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant, encased in inert plastic parts. The forward closure also contains a few grams of black powder. ProX Rocket motor reload kits are classified

as explosives, and may cause serious injury, including death if used improperly. All explosives are dangerous and must be handled carefully and used following approved safety procedures under the direction of competent, experienced personnel in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. Avoid inhaling exhaust products.



73

General Appearance: Cardboard tubes contain various plastic parts. Inside the plastic tube are cylinders of composite propellant

(rocket fuel). The forward closure also contains a small quantity of black powder. All parts are odourless solids.

Potential Health Effects: Eye:

Skin:

Not a likely route of exposure. May cause eye irritation. Not a likely route of exposure. Low hazard for usual industrial/hobby handling.

Ingestion: Not a likely route of exposure.

Inhalation: Not a likely route of exposure. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Do not inhale exhaust products.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.0 FIRST AID MEASURES

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Eyes:

Skin:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists.

Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.

Inhalation:

Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.

Burns: Burns can be treated as per normal first aid procedures.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.0 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extinguishing Media:

In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam to contain surrounding fire.

Exposure Hazards During Fire: Exposure to extreme heat may cause ignition.

Combustion Products from Fire:

During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Fire Fighting Procedures:

Keep all persons and hazardous materials away. Allow material to burn itself out. As in any fire, wear a self- contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.

Special Instructions / Notes:

These articles burn rapidly and generate a significant flame for a short period of time. Black powder is a deflagrating explosive. It is very sensitive to flame and spark and can also be ignited by friction and impact. When ignited unconfined, it burns with explosive violence and will explode if ignited under even slight confinement. Do not inhale exhaust products.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.0 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Safeguards (Personnel):

Spills: Clean up spills immediately. Replace articles in packaging and boxes and seal securely. Sweep or scoop up using non-sparking tools.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.0 HANDLING AND STORAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Handling: Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Avoid contamination. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on

clothing. Do not taste or swallow. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for use.



74

Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat, spark or flame. Keep in shipping packaging when not in use.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8.0 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Engineering Controls:

Use adequate explosion proof ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. All equipment and working surfaces must be grounded.

Personal Protective Equipment: Eyes:

Skin:

Clothing:

Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.

Clothing should be appropriate for handling pyrotechnic substances.

Clothing should be appropriate for handling pyrotechnic substances.

Respirators: A respirator is not typically necessary. Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in

29CFR1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.0 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Physical State: solid

Appearance: rubber cylinders inside plastic parts Odour: none

Odour Threshold: Not available. pH: Not available. Vapour Pressure: Not available. Vapour Density: Not available.

Viscosity: Not available. Evaporation Rate: Not available. Boiling Point: Not available. Freezing/Melting Point: Not available.

Coefficient of water/oil distribution: Not available. Autoignition Temperature: 280°C Flash Point: Not available. Explosion Limits, lower (LEL): Not available. Explosion Limits, upper (UEL): Not available. Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: unprotected black powder can be ignited by impact Sensitivity to Static Discharge: unprotected black powder can be ignited by static discharge Decomposition Temperature: > 400°C Solubility in water: black powder is soluble in water

Specific Gravity/Density: black powder = 1.7-2.1 Propellant = not available

Molecular Formula: Not applicable

Molecular Weight: Not applicable.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.0 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chemical Stability:

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Conditions to Avoid:

Heat, static electricity, friction, impact Incompatibilities with Other Materials:

Combustible or flammable materials, explosive materials

Hazardous Products Of Decomposition: Oxides of nitrogen

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.



75

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.0 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routes of Entry: Skin contact – not likely Skin absorption – not likely Eye contact – not likely Inhalation – not likely Ingestion – not likely

Effects of Acute Exposure to Product: No data available

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Product:

No data available Exposure Limits:

Black Powder Pellets

Ingredient Name CAS Number OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV

--------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------------------

Potassium Nitrate 7757-79-1 not established not established Charcoal n/a not established not established Sulphur 7704-34-9 not established not established

Graphite 7782-42-5 2.5 mg/m3

15 mmpct (TWA)

Propellant

Ingredient Name CAS Number OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV --------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------------------

Ammonium Perchlorate 7790-98-9 not established not established metal powder varies varies

Synthetic Rubber not established not established

Irritancy of the Product: No data available

Sensitization to the Product:

No data available Carcinogenicity:

Reproductive Toxicity:

Teratogenicity:

Mutagenicity:

Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA

No data available

No data available No data available

Toxically Synergistic Products:

No data available LD50:

No data available

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12.0 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Environmental Data: Ecotoxicity Data:

EcoFaTE Data:

Not determined.

Not determined. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13.0 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Product As Sold: Pack firmly in hole in ground with nozzle pointing up. Ignite motor electrically from a safe

distance and wait 5 minutes before approaching. Dispose of spent components in inert trash.

Product Packaging: Dispose of used packaging materials in inert trash.

Special Considerations: Consult local regulations about disposal of explosive materials.



76

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.0 TRANSPORT INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Shipping Information – Canada

TDG Classification: Class 1.4 Explosive

Proper Shipping Name: Articles, Explosive, N.O.S. (Model Rocket Motors) UN Number: 0351 UN Classification Code: 1.4 C

Packing Group: II UN Packing Instruction: 101

Shipping Information - USA / IMO

Proper Shipping Name: Articles, Explosive, N.O.S. (Model Rocket Motors) UN Number: 0351

UN Classification Code: 1.4 C DOT / IMO Label: Class 1 – Explosive – Division 1.4C

Shipping Information - IATA

Proper Shipping Name: Articles, Explosive, N.O.S. (Model Rocket Motors)

UN Number: 0351 UN Classification Code: 1.4 C

IATA Labels: Class 1 – Explosive – Division 1.4C Cargo Aircraft Only

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15.0 REGULATORY INFORMATION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Canada This product has been classified according to the hazard criteria of the Canadian Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.

WHMIS Classification: Not Controlled (explosive)

Domestic Substance List (DSL) Status: All ingredients are listed on Canada's DSL List.

Canadian Explosives Classification: Class 7.2.5 This product is an authorized explosive in Canada. These products are not considered “Controlled Good” in Canada under the Controlled Goods Regulations.

United States of America TSCA Inventory Status:

All ingredients are listed on the TSCA inventory.

Hazardous Chemical Lists CERCLA Hazardous Substance (40 CFR 302.4) No

SARA Extremely Hazardous Substance (40CFR 355) No SARA Toxic Chemical (40CFR 372.65) No

European/International Regulations

The product on this MSDS, or all its components, is included on the following countries’ chemical inventories: EINECS – European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances

European Labelling in Accordance with EC Directives

Hazard Symbols: Explosive. Risk Phrases:

R 2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. R 11 Highly flammable

R 44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. Safety Phrases:

S 1/2 Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 8 Keep container dry.

S 15 Keep away from heat. S 16 Keep away from sources of ignition -- No smoking.



77

S 17 Keep away from combustible material. S 18 Handle and open container with care.

S 33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S 41 In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16.0 OTHER INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MSDS Prepared by: Regulatory Affairs Department

Cesaroni Technology Inc. P.O. Box 246 2561 Stouffville Rd. Gormley, ON Canada L0H 1G0

Telephone: 905-887-2370 x239

Fax: 905-887-2375

Web Sites: www.cesaronitech.com www.Pro38.com

The data in this Material Safety Data Sheet relates only to the specific material or product designated herein and does not relate to use in combination with any other material or in any process.

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no way shall the company be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

http://www.cesaronitech.com/

http://www.cesaronitech.com/

http://www.pro38.com/

78

Appendix E.2

AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet & Emergency Response Information

Prepared in accordance with 29 CFR § 1910.1200 (g)

Section 1. Product Identification

Model rocket motor, high power rocket motor, hobby rocket motor, composite rocket motor, rocket motor kit, rocket motor reloading

kit, containing varying amounts of solid propellant with the trade

names White Lightning™, Blue Thunder™, Black Jack™, Black

Max™, Redline™, Warp-9™, Mojave Green™, Metalstorm™,

Metalstorm DM™ or Propellant X™. These products contain varying

percentages of Ammonium Perchlorate, Strontium and/or Barium

Nitrate dispersed in synthetic rubber with lesser amounts of

proprietary ingredients such as burn rate modifiers and metal fuels.

Rocket motor ejection charges contain black powder. Section 2. Physical Characteristics

Black plastic cylinders or bags with various colored parts, little or no

odor Section 3. Physical Hazards

Rocket motors and reload kits are flammable; rocket motors may become propulsive in a fire. All propellants give off varying amounts

of Hydrogen Chloride and Carbon Monoxide gas when burned, Mojave Green propellant also produces Barium Chloride.

Section 4. Health Hazards

Propellant is an irritant in the case of skin and eye contact, may be

extremely hazardous in the case of ingestion, and may be toxic to

kidneys, lungs and the nervous system. Symptoms include respiratory irritation, skin irritation, muscle tightness, vomiting,

diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, weakness, labored

breathing, irregular heartbeat, and convulsions. Inhalation of large

amounts of combustion products may produce similar but lesser

symptoms as ingestion. Section 5. Primary Routes of Entry

Skin contact, ingestion, and inhalation.

79

Section 6. Permitted Exposure Limits

None established for manufactured product. Section 7. Carcinogenic Potential

None known.

Section 8. Precautions for Safe Handling

Disposable rubber gloves are recommended for handling Mojave Green propellant. Keep away from flames and other sources of

heat. Do not smoke within 25 feet of product. Do not ingest. Do not

breathe exhaust fumes. Keep in original packaging until ready for

use. Section 9. Control Measures

See section 8.

Section 10. Emergency & First Aid Procedures

If ingested, induce vomiting and call a physician. If combustion

products are inhaled, move to fresh air and call a physician if ill

effects a r e n o t e d . In t h e case of skin contact, wash area immediately and contact a physician if severe skin rash or

irritation develops. For mild burns use a first aid burn ointment. For severe burns immerse the burned area in cold water at once and

see a physician immediately. Section 11. Date of Preparation or Revision

March 22, 2012

Section 12. Contact Information

AeroTech Division, RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc.

2113 W. 850 N. St.

Cedar City, UT 84721

(435) 865-7100 (Ph)

(435) 865-7120 (Fax)

Email: [email protected]

Web: http://www.aerotech-rocketry.com

Emergency Response: Infotrac (352) 323-3500


http://www.aerotech-rocketry.com/

80

Appendix E.3

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS-BP)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Product Name BLACK POWDER

Trade Names and Synonyms N/A

Manufacturer/Distributor GOEX, Inc. (Doyline, LA) & various international sources

Transportation Emergency 800-255-3924 (24 hrs — CHEM • TEL)

PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN THE USE OF EXPLOSIVES

The prevention of accidents in the use of explosives is a result of careful planning and observance of the best known practices. The explosives user must remember that he is dealing with a powerful force and that various devices and methods have been developed to assist him in directing this force. He should realize that this force, if misdirected, may either kill or injure both him and his fellow workers.

WARNING

All explosives are dangerous and must be carefully handled and used following approved

safety procedures either by or under the direction of competent, experienced persons in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, or ordinances. If you have any questions or

doubts as to how to use any explosive product, DO NOT USE IT before consulting with your

supervisor, or the manufacturer, if you do not have a supervisor. If your supervisor has any questions or doubts, he should consult the manufacturer before use.

81

HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS

Material or Component % CAS No. TLV PEL

Potassium nitrate1

70-76 007757-79-1 NE NE

Sodium nitrate1 70-74 007631-99-4 NE NE

Charcoal 8-18 N/A NE NE

Sulfur 9-20 007704-34-9 NE NE

Graphite2

Trace 007782-42-5 15 mppct (TWA) 2.5 mg/m3

N/A = Not assigned NE = Not established

1 Black Powder contains either potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate in the percentages indicated. Black powder does not contain

both.

2 Not contained in all grades of black powder.

PHYSICAL DATA Boiling Point N/A

Vapor Pressure N/A

Vapor Density N/A

Solubility in Water Good

Specific Gravity 1.70 - 1.82 (mercury method) 1.92 - 2.08 (pycnometer)

PH 6.0 - 8.0

Evaporation Rate N/A

Appearance and Odor Black granular powder. No odor detectable.

HAZARDOUS REACTIVITY Instability Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Avoid impact, friction, and static

electricity.

Incompatibility When dry, black powder is compatible with most metals; however, it is hygroscopic, and when wet, attracts all common metals except stainless steel.

Black powder must be tested for compatibility with any material not specified in the production/procurement package with which they may come in contact. Materials include other explosives, solvents, adhesives, metals, plastics, paints, cleaning compounds, floor and table coverings, packing materials, and other similar materials, situations, and equipment.

Hazardous decomposition Detonation produces hazardous overpressures and fragments (if confined). Gases produced may be toxic if exposed in areas with inadequate ventilation.

Polymerization Polymerization will not occur.

FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA Flashpoint Not applicable

Auto ignition temperature Approx. 464°C (867°F)

Explosive temperature (5 sec) Ignites @ approx. 427°C (801°F)

Extinguishing media Water

Special fire fighting procedures ALL EXPLOSIVES: DO NOT FIGHT EXPLOSIVES FIRES. Try to keep

fire from reaching explosives. Isolate area. Guard against intruders.

Division 1.1 Explosives (heavily encased): Evacuate the area for 5000 feet (1 mile) if explosives are heavily encased.

Division 1.1 Explosives (not heavily encased): Evacuate the area for 2500 feet (½ mile) if explosives are not heavily encased.

Division 1.1 Explosives (all): Consult the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, Guide 112 for further details.

Unusual fire and explosion hazards Black powder is a deflagrating explosive. It is very sensitive to flame and spark and can also be ignited by friction and impact. When ignited unconfined, it burns with explosive violence and will explode if ignited under even slight confinement.

82

HEALTH HAZARDS General Black powder is a Division 1.1 Explosive, and detonation may cause severe physical

injury, including death. All explosives are dangerous and must be handled carefully and used following approved safety procedures under the direction of competent, experienced persons in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and ordinances.

Carcinogenicity None of the components of Black powder are listed as a carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA.

FIRST AID

Inhalation Not a likely route of exposure. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Seek prompt medical attention.

Eye and skin contact Not a likely route of exposure. Flush eyes with water. Wash skin with soap and water.

Ingestion Not a likely route of exposure.. If ingested, induce vomiting immediately by giving two glasses of water and sticking finger down throat.

Injury from detonation Seek prompt medical attention.

SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES

Spill/leak response Use appropriate personal protective equipment. Isolate area and remove sources of friction, impact, heat, low level electrical current, electrostatic or RF energy. Only competent, experienced persons should be involved in cleanup procedures.

Carefully pick up spills with non-sparking and non-static producing tools.

Waste disposal Desensitize by diluting in water. Open train burning, by qualified personnel, may be used

for disposal of small unconfined quantities. Dispose of in compliance with federal regulations under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (40 CFR Parts 260-271).

SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION

Ventilation Use only with adequate ventilation.

Respiratory None

Eye None

Gloves Impervious rubber gloves.

Other Metal-free and non-static producing clothes

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Keep away from friction, impact, and heat. Do not consume food, drink, or tobacco in areas where they may become

contaminated with these materials.

Contaminated equipment must be thoroughly water cleaned before attempting repairs.

Use only non-spark producing tools.

No smoking.

83

STORAGE CONDITIONS Store in a cool, dry place in accordance with the requirements of Subpart K, ATF: Explosives Law and Regulations

(27 CFR 55.201-55.219).

SHIPPING INFORMATION Proper shipping name Black powder

Hazard class 1.1D

UN Number UN0027

DOT Label & Placard DOT Label EXPLOSIVE 1.1D

DOT Placard EXPLOSIVES 1.1

Alternate shipping information Limited quantities of black powder may be transported as “Black powder for small arms”, NA0027, class 4.1 pursuant to U.S. Department of Transportation authorization EX-8712212.

The information contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet is based upon available data and believed to be correct;

however, as such has been obtained from various sources, including the manufacturer and independent laboratories, it is

given without warranty or representation that it is complete, accurate, and can be relied upon. OWEN COMPLIANCE SERVICES,

INC. has not attempted to conceal in any manner the deleterious aspects of the product listed herein, but makes no

warranty as to such. Further, OWEN COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC. cannot anticipate nor control the many situations in which

the product or this information may be used; there is no guarantee that the health and safety precautions suggested will be

proper under all conditions. It is the sole responsibility of each user of the product to determine and comply with the

requirements of all applicable laws and regulations regarding its use. This information is given solely for the purposes of

safety to persons and property. Any other use of this information is expressly prohibited.

For further information contact: David W. Boston, President OWEN COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.

12001 County Road 1000 P.O. Box 765 Godley, TX 76044 Telephone number:

817-551-0660

FAX number: 817-396-4584

MSDS prepared by: David W. Boston Original publication date: 12/08/93 Revision date: 12/12/05

12/03/03

84

Appendix E.4

Material Safety Data Sheet

Copyright, 2007, 3M Company. All rights reserved. Copying and/or downloading of this information for the purpose of properly

utilizing 3M products is allowed provided that: (1) the information is copied in full with no changes unless prior written agreement is

obtained from 3M, and (2) neither the copy nor the original is resold or otherwise distributed with the intention of earning a profit

thereon.

PRODUCT NAME: 3M(TM) Scotch-Weld(TM) Epoxy Adhesive, DP-420 Black

MANUFACTURER: 3M

DIVISION: Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division

ADDRESS: 3M Center

St. Paul, MN 55144-1000

EMERGENCY PHONE: 1-800-364-3577 or (651) 737-6501 (24 hours)

Issue Date: 07/11/2007

Supercedes Date: 01/16/2007

Document Group: 08-7638-3

ID Number(s):

62-2778-1430-7, 62-2778-1435-6, 62-2778-3530-2, 62-2778-3830-6

This product is a kit or a multipart product which consists of multiple, independently packaged components. An MSDS for

each of these components is included. Please do not separate the component MSDSs from this cover page. The document

numbers of the MSDSs for components of this product are:

22-0521-9, 22-2132-3

Reason for Reissue: The MSDS has been revised because 3M has adopted the 16-section ANSI/ISO format. The potential hazards

of the product have not changed. We encourage you to reread the MSDS and review the information.

Revision Changes:

Kit: Component document group number(s) was modified.

DISCLAIMER: The information in this Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is believed to be correct as of the date issued. 3M

MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY

OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF

TRADE. User is responsible for determining whether the 3M product is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method of

use or application. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and application of a 3M product, some of which are uniquely

within the user's knowledge and control, it is essential that the user evaluate the 3M product to determine whether it is fit for a

particular purpose and suitable for user's method of use or application.

3M provides information in electronic form as a service to its customers. Due to the remote possibility that electronic transfer may

85

have resulted in errors, omissions or alterations in this information, 3M makes no representations as to its completeness or accuracy.

In addition, information obtained from a database may not be as current as the information in the MSDS available directly from 3M.

86





thereon.

SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME: 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy Adhesive DP-420, Black (Part B) or 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy Adhesive 420 B/A, Black (Part B)

MANUFACTURER: 3M


ADDRESS: 3M Center

St. Paul, MN 55144-1000





Product Use:

Intended Use: Industrial use

SECTION 2: INGREDIENTS

Ingredient

C.A.S. No.

% by Wt

Epoxy Resin Acrylic Polymer - N.J.T.S. Reg No. 04499600-5018P

3-(Trimethoxysilyl)Propyl Glycidyl Ether

25068-38-6 Trade Secret

2530-83-8

60 - 100 7 - 13

0.1 - 1

Carbon Black 1333-86-4 < 0.1

SECTION 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

3.1 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

Specific Physical Form: Paste

Odor, Color, Grade: Black, very mild odor.

General Physical Form: Liquid Immediate health, physical, and environmental hazards: May cause allergic skin reaction.

87

3.2 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

Eye Contact: Moderate Eye Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision.

Vapors released during curing may cause eye irritation. Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, tearing, and blurred or

hazy vision.

Dust created by cutting, grinding, sanding, or machining may cause eye irritation. Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling,

pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision.

Skin Contact: Moderate Skin Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include localized redness, swelling, itching, and dryness.

Allergic Skin Reaction (non-photo induced): Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling, blistering, and itching.

Inhalation:

Vapors released during curing may cause irritation of the respiratory system. Signs/symptoms may include cough, sneezing, nasal discharge, headache, hoarseness, and nose and throat pain.

Dust from cutting, grinding, sanding or machining may cause irritation of the respiratory system. Signs/symptoms may include cough,

sneezing, nasal discharge, headache, hoarseness, and nose and throat pain.

Ingestion: Gastrointestinal Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include abdominal pain, stomach upset, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES

4.1 FIRST AID PROCEDURES

The following first aid recommendations are based on an assumption that appropriate personal and industrial hygiene practices are

followed.

Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large amounts of water. If signs/symptoms persist, get medical attention.

Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush skin with large amounts of water. Get medical

attention. Wash contaminated clothing and clean shoes before reuse.

Inhalation: If signs/symptoms develop, remove person to fresh air. If signs/symptoms persist, get medical attention.

If Swallowed: Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel. Give victim two glasses of water. Never

give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention.

88

SECTION 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

5.1 FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES

Autoignition temperature No Data Available

Flash Point >=340 ºF [Test Method: Closed Cup]

Flammable Limits - LEL Not Applicable

Flammable Limits - UEL Not Applicable

5.2 EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Use fire extinguishers with class B extinguishing agents (e.g., dry chemical, carbon dioxide).

5.3 PROTECTION OF FIRE FIGHTERS

Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Water may not effectively extinguish fire; however, it should be used to keep fire-exposed

containers and surfaces cool and prevent explosive rupture. Water may be used to blanket the fire. Wear full protective equipment

(Bunker Gear) and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards are anticipated.

Note: See STABILITY AND REACTIVITY (SECTION 10) for hazardous combustion and thermal decomposition

information.

SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions

Evacuate unprotected and untrained personnel from hazard area. The spill should be cleaned up by qualified personnel. Ventilate the area with fresh air.

Environmental procedures

For larger spills, cover drains and build dikes to prevent entry into sewer systems or bodies of water. Collect the resulting residue containing solution. Place in a closed container approved for transportation by appropriate authorities. Dispose of collected material

as soon as possible.

Clean-up methods

Observe precautions from other sections. Call 3M- HELPS line (1-800-364-3577) for more information on handling and managing the spill. Contain spill. Working from around the edges of the spill inward, cover with bentonite, vermiculite, or commercially available

inorganic absorbent material. Mix in sufficient absorbent until it appears dry. Collect as much of the spilled material as possible.

Clean up residue with an appropriate solvent selected by a qualified and authorized person. Ventilate the area with fresh air. Read and

follow safety precautions on the solvent label and MSDS.

In the event of a release of this material, the user should determine if the release qualifies as reportable according to

local, state, and federal regulations.

SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 HANDLING

89

Avoid eye contact. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water. Avoid

skin contact. Keep out of the reach of children. Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining. For

industrial or professional use only. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. Use general dilution ventilation and/or local exhaust

ventilation to control airborne exposures to below Occupational Exposure Limits. If ventilation is not adequate, use respiratory

protection equipment.

7.2 STORAGE Store away from heat. Store out of direct sunlight. Keep container in well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed. Store away

from oxidizing agents.

SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

8.1 ENGINEERING CONTROLS Provide appropriate local exhaust for cutting, grinding, sanding or machining. Use general dilution ventilation and/or local exhaust

ventilation to control airborne exposures to below Occupational Exposure Limits and/or control dust, fume, or airborne particles. If ventilation is not adequate, use respiratory protection equipment.

8.2 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

8.2.1 Eye/Face Protection

Avoid eye contact. The following eye protection(s) are recommended: Safety Glasses with side shields

.

8.2.2 Skin Protection

Avoid skin contact.

Select and use gloves and/or protective clothing to prevent skin contact based on the results of an exposure assessment. Consult with

your glove and/or protective clothing manufacturer for selection of appropriate compatible materials.

Gloves made from the following material(s) are recommended: Neoprene Nitrile Rubber

Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol

.

8.2.3 Respiratory Protection Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining.

Select one of the following NIOSH approved respirators based on airborne concentration of contaminants and in accordance with

OSHA regulations: Half facepiece or fullface air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges and P95 particulate prefilters

Half facepiece or fullface air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges and N95 particulate prefilters

Half facepiece or fullface air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges and P100 particulate prefilters

. Consult the current 3M Respiratory Selection Guide for additional information or call 1-800-243-4630 for 3M technical assistance.

8.2.4 Prevention of Swallowing

Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water.

8.3 EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

Ingredient Authority Type Limit Additional Information 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)Propyl Glycidyl Ether Carbon Black

Carbon Black

CMRG

ACGIH CMRG

TWA

TWA TWA

5 ppm 3.5 mg/m3

0.5 mg/m3

Carbon Black OSHA TWA 3.5 mg/m3

90

SOURCE OF EXPOSURE LIMIT DATA:

ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

CMRG: Chemical Manufacturer Recommended Guideline

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

AIHA: American Industrial Hygiene Association Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL)

SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Odor, Color, Grade: Black, very mild odor.

General Physical Form: Liquid


Flash Point >=340 ºF [Test Method: Closed Cup] Flammable Limits - LEL Not Applicable

Flammable Limits - UEL Not Applicable

Boiling point >=200 ºC

Density 1.14 g/ml

Vapor Density Not Applicable

Vapor Pressure Not Applicable

Specific Gravity 1.14 [Ref Std: WATER=1]

pH Not Applicable

Melting point No Data Available

Solubility in Water Nil Evaporation

rate Not Applicable

Kow - Oct/Water partition coef No Data Available

Percent volatile < 0.5 % weight

VOC Less H2O & Exempt Solvents 2 g/l [Test Method: tested per EPA method 24]

Viscosity 22000 - 45000 centipoise [@ 73.4 ºF]

SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability: Stable.

Materials and Conditions to Avoid:

10.1 Conditions to avoid Heat

10.2 Materials to avoid Strong oxidizing agents

Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

Hazardous Decomposition or By-Products

91

Substance Condition Aldehydes During Combustion Carbon monoxide During Combustion

Carbon dioxide During Combustion

SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Please contact the address listed on the first page of the MSDS for Toxicological Information on this material and/or its

components.

SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Not determined.

CHEMICAL FATE INFORMATION

Not determined.

SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste Disposal Method: Cure (harden, set, or react) the product according to product instructions.

Dispose of completely cured (or polymerized) wastes in a sanitary landfill.

As a disposal alternative, incinerate uncured product in an industrial or commercial incinerator in the presence of a combustible

material.

Combustion products will include HCl. Facility must be capable of handling halogenated materials.

EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA): Not regulated

Since regulations vary, consult applicable regulations or authorities before disposal.

SECTION 14:TRANSPORT INFORMATION

For Transport Information, please visit http://3M.com/Transportinfo or call 1-800-364-3577 or 651-737-6501.

SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION

US FEDERAL REGULATIONS

http://3m.com/Transportinfo

92

Contact 3M for more information.

311/312 Hazard Categories:

Fire Hazard - No Pressure Hazard - No Reactivity Hazard - No Immediate Hazard - Yes Delayed Hazard - No

STATE REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information.

CHEMICAL INVENTORIES The components of this product are in compliance with the chemical notification requirements of TSCA.

All applicable chemical ingredients in this material are listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS),

or are exempt polymers whose monomers are listed on EINECS.

The components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List.

All the components of this product are listed on China's Inventory of Chemical Substances.

Contact 3M for more information.

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information.

This MSDS has been prepared to meet the U.S. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.

SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION

NFPA Hazard Classification Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0 Special Hazards: None

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) hazard ratings are designed for use by emergency response personnel to address the hazards that are presented by short-term, acute exposure to a material under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies. Hazard ratings are primarily based on the

inherent physical and toxic properties of the material but also include the toxic properties of combustion or decomposition products that are known to be generated in significant quantities.

93

Revision Changes:

Section 1: Product name was modified.

Copyright was modified.

Section 3: Potential effects from skin contact information was modified.

Section 8: Eye/face protection information was modified.

Section 8: Skin protection - recommended gloves information was modified.

Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators information was modified.

Section 14: Transportation legal text was modified.

Page Heading: Product name was modified.

Section 9: Property description for optional properties was modified.

Section 2: Ingredient table was added.

Section 8: Exposure guidelines ingredient information was added. Section 8: Exposure guidelines data source legend was added. Section 6: Environmental procedures heading was added.

Section 6: Personal precautions heading was added.

Section 10.1 Conditions to avoid heading was added.

Section 10.2 Materials to avoid heading was added.

Section 6: Personal precautions information was added.

Section 6: Environmental procedures information was added.

Section 6: Methods for cleaning up information was added.

Section 10: Materials to avoid physical property was added.

Section 10: Conditions to avoid physical property was added.

Section 6: Clean-up methods heading was added.

Section 6: Release measures information was deleted. Section 6: Release measures heading was deleted.

Section 10: Materials and conditions to avoid physical property was deleted.

DISCLAIMER: The information in this Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is believed to be correct as of the date issued. 3M

MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY

OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF

TRADE. User is responsible for determining whether the 3M product is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method of

use or application. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and application of a 3M product, some of which are uniquely

within the user's knowledge and control, it is essential that the user evaluate the 3M product to determine whether it is fit for a

particular purpose and suitable for user's method of use or application.

3M provides information in electronic form as a service to its customers. Due to the remote possibility that electronic transfer may

have resulted in errors, omissions or alterations in this information, 3M makes no representations as to its completeness or accuracy.

In addition, information obtained from a database may not be as current as the information in the MSDS available directly from 3M.

3M MSDSs are available at www.3M.com

http://www.3m.com/

94





thereon.

SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME: 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ Epoxy Adhesive DP-420, Black (Part A)

MANUFACTURER: 3M


ADDRESS: 3M Center

St. Paul, MN 55144-1000





Product Use:

Specific Use: Accelerator for 2-Part Adhesive

Intended Use: Industrial use

SECTION 2: INGREDIENTS

Ingredient

C.A.S. No.

% by Wt

Modified Epoxy Resin - N.J.T.S. Reg. No. 04499600-6839 Trade Secret 40 - 80 4,7,10-Trioxatridecane-1,13-Diamine 4246-51-9 10 - 50

2,4,6-tris((Dimethylamino)Methyl)Phenol 90-72-2 3 - 7 Amorphous Silica 67762-90-7 1 - 5

Calcium Salt 55120-75-7 1 - 5 Diethylene glycol mono(3-aminopropyl) ether 112-33-4 0.1 - 1

SECTION 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

3.1 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW


Odor, Color, Grade: Amber, very mild pungent odor.


Immediate health, physical, and environmental hazards: May cause chemical eye burns. May cause chemical skin burns.

May cause chemical gastrointestinal burns.

95

3.2 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

Eye Contact: Corrosive (Eye Burns): Signs/symptoms may include cloudy appearance of the cornea, chemical burns, severe pain, tearing,

ulcerations, significantly impaired vision or complete loss of vision.

Dust created by cutting, grinding, sanding, or machining may cause eye irritation. Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling,

pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision.

Skin Contact: Corrosive (Skin Burns): Signs/symptoms may include localized redness, swelling, itching, intense pain, blistering, ulceration, and

tissue destruction.

Inhalation: Respiratory Tract Irritation: Signs/symptoms may include cough, sneezing, nasal discharge, headache, hoarseness, and nose and

throat pain.

Dust from cutting, grinding, sanding or machining may cause irritation of the respiratory system. Signs/symptoms may include cough,

sneezing, nasal discharge, headache, hoarseness, and nose and throat pain.

Ingestion: Gastrointestinal Corrosion: Signs/symptoms may include severe mouth, throat and abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; and diarrhea;

blood in the feces and/or vomitus may also be seen.

SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES

4.1 FIRST AID PROCEDURES

The following first aid recommendations are based on an assumption that appropriate personal and industrial hygiene practices are

followed.

Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Get immediate medical attention.

Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush skin with large amounts of water for at least 15

minutes. Get immediate medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing and clean shoes before reuse.

Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air. If signs/symptoms develop, get medical attention.

If Swallowed: Do not induce vomiting. Give victim two glasses of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious

person. Get immediate medical attention.

SECTION 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

96

5.1 FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES



Flammable Limits(LEL) Not Applicable

Flammable Limits(UEL) Not Applicable

5.2 EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Use fire extinguishers with class B extinguishing agents (e.g., dry chemical, carbon dioxide).

5.3 PROTECTION OF FIRE FIGHTERS

Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Water may not effectively extinguish fire; however, it should be used to keep fire-exposed

containers and surfaces cool and prevent explosive rupture. Water may be used to blanket the fire. Wear full protective equipment

(Bunker Gear) and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards are anticipated.

Note: See STABILITY AND REACTIVITY (SECTION 10) for hazardous combustion and thermal decomposition

information.

SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Evacuate unprotected and untrained personnel from hazard area. The spill should be cleaned up by qualified personnel. Ventilate the

area with fresh air. For large spill, or spills in confined spaces, provide mechanical ventilation to disperse or exhaust vapors, in

accordance with good industrial hygiene practice. Warning! A motor could be an ignition source and could cause flammable gases or

vapors in the spill area to burn or explode.

6.2. Environmental precautions

For larger spills, cover drains and build dikes to prevent entry into sewer systems or bodies of water. Collect the resulting residue containing solution. Place in a closed container approved for transportation by appropriate authorities. Dispose of collected material

as soon as possible.

Clean-up methods Observe precautions from other sections. Call 3M- HELPS line (1-800-364-3577) for more information on handling and managing the spill. Contain spill. Working from around the edges of the spill inward, cover with bentonite, vermiculite, or commercially available

inorganic absorbent material. Mix in sufficient absorbent until it appears dry. Collect as much of the spilled material as possible.

Clean up residue with an appropriate solvent selected by a qualified and authorized person. Ventilate the area with fresh air. Read and

follow safety precautions on the solvent label and MSDS.

In the event of a release of this material, the user should determine if the release qualifies as reportable according to

local, state, and federal regulations.

SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 HANDLING Avoid eye contact. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water. Avoid

97

skin contact. Avoid breathing of vapors. Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining. For industrial

or professional use only. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. Keep out of the reach of children.

7.2 STORAGE Store away from heat. Store out of direct sunlight. Keep container tightly closed. Store away from oxidizing agents.

SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION 8.1 ENGINEERING CONTROLS Use with appropriate local exhaust ventilation. Provide appropriate local exhaust for cutting, grinding, sanding or machining. Curing enclosures must be exhausted to outdoors or to a suitable emission control device. Use general dilution ventilation and/or local

exhaust ventilation to control airborne exposures to below Occupational Exposure Limits and/or control dust, fume, or airborne

particles. If ventilation is not adequate, use respiratory protection equipment.

8.2 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

8.2.1 Eye/Face Protection

Avoid eye contact. The following eye protection(s) are recommended: Indirect Vented Goggles

.

8.2.2 Skin Protection Avoid skin contact.

Select and use gloves and/or protective clothing to prevent skin contact based on the results of an exposure assessment. Consult with

your glove and/or protective clothing manufacturer for selection of appropriate compatible materials.

Gloves made from the following material(s) are recommended: Neoprene

Nitrile Rubber

.

8.2.3 Respiratory Protection Avoid breathing of vapors. Avoid breathing of dust created by cutting, sanding, grinding or machining.

Select one of the following NIOSH approved respirators based on airborne concentration of contaminants and in accordance with

OSHA regulations: Half facepiece or fullface air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges and N95 particulate prefilters

. Consult the current 3M Respiratory Selection Guide for additional information or call 1-800-243-4630 for 3M technical assistance.

8.2.4 Prevention of Swallowing Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash exposed areas thoroughly with soap and water.

8.3 EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

Ingredient Authority Type Limit Additional Information Calcium Salt 3M TWA 0.1 mg/m3 Skin Notation*

Amorphous Silica CMRG CEIL 5 mg/m3 2,4,6-tris((Dimethylamino)Methyl)Phenol CMRG TWA 5 ppm

* Substance(s) refer to the potential contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membrane and eye,

either by airborne or, more particularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption.

SOURCE OF EXPOSURE LIMIT DATA:

ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

CMRG: Chemical Manufacturer Recommended Guideline

98

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

AIHA: American Industrial Hygiene Association Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL)

SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Odor, Color, Grade: Amber, very mild pungent odor.




Flammable Limits(LEL) Not Applicable

Flammable Limits(UEL) Not Applicable

Boiling Point >=175 ºC

Density 1.12 g/ml

Vapor Density Not Applicable

Vapor Pressure Not Applicable

Specific Gravity 1.12 [Ref Std: WATER=1]

pH Not Applicable

Melting point No Data Available

Solubility in Water Slight (less than 10%)

Evaporation rate Not Applicable

Hazardous Air Pollutants 0 % weight [Test Method: Calculated]

Volatile Organic Compounds < 1 g/l [Test Method: tested per EPA method 24] [Details: EU VOC content]

Percent volatile < 0.5 % weight [Test Method: Estimated]

VOC Less H2O & Exempt Solvents 11 g/l [Test Method: tested per EPA method 24]

VOC Less H2O & Exempt Solvents 4 g/l [Test Method: tested per EPA method 24] [Details: when used as intended with Part B]

Viscosity 8000 - 14000 centipoise [@ 73.4 ºF]

SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability: Stable.

Materials and Conditions to Avoid:

10.1 Conditions to avoid Heat is generated during cure. Do not cure a mass larger than 50 grams in a confined space to prevent a premature reaction (exothem)

with production of intense heat and smoke.

10.2 Materials to avoid Strong oxidizing agents

Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

Hazardous Decomposition or By-Products

99

Substance Condition Aldehydes During Combustion

Carbon monoxide During Combustion Carbon dioxide During Combustion

Irritant Vapors or Gases During Combustion Oxides of Nitrogen During Combustion

SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Please contact the address listed on the first page of the MSDS for Toxicological Information on this material and/or its

components.

SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Not determined.

CHEMICAL FATE INFORMATION

Not determined.

SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste Disposal Method: Cure (harden, set, or react) the product according to product instructions.

Dispose of completely cured (or polymerized) wastes in a sanitary landfill.

As a disposal alternative, incinerate uncured product in an industrial or commercial incinerator in the presence of a combustible

material.

Combustion products will include HF and HCl. Facility must be capable of handling halogenated materials.

EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA): Not regulated

Since regulations vary, consult applicable regulations or authorities before disposal.

SECTION 14:TRANSPORT INFORMATION

For Transport Information, please visit http://3M.com/Transportinfo or call 1-800-364-3577 or 651-737-6501.

SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION

http://3m.com/Transportinfo

100

US FEDERAL REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information.

311/312 Hazard Categories: Fire Hazard - No Pressure Hazard - No Reactivity Hazard - No Immediate Hazard - Yes Delayed Hazard - No

STATE REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information.

CHEMICAL INVENTORIES The components of this product are in compliance with the chemical notification requirements of TSCA.

All applicable chemical ingredients in this material are listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS),

or are exempt polymers whose monomers are listed on EINECS. Contact 3M for more information.

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Contact 3M for more information.

This MSDS has been prepared to meet the U.S. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.

SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION

NFPA Hazard Classification Health: 3 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0 Special Hazards: None

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) hazard ratings are designed for use by emergency response personnel to address the hazards that are presented by short-term, acute exposure to a material under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies. Hazard ratings are primarily based on the

inherent physical and toxic properties of the material but also include the toxic properties of combustion or decomposition products that are known to

be generated in significant quantities.

Revision Changes:

Section 1: Product name was modified.

Copyright was modified.

Section 3: Immediate skin hazard(s) was modified.

Section 3: Potential effects from eye contact was modified.

Section 3: Potential effects from skin contact information was modified.

101

Section 7: Handling

information was

modified. Section 7:

Storage information

was modified.

Section 8: Engineering controls

information was modified.

Section 8: Respiratory protection


Section 10: Hazardous decomposition or by-

products table was modified. Section 8:

Eye/face protection information was modified.

Section 8: Skin protection - recommended gloves information was modified.

Section 8: Respiratory protection - recommended respirators

information was modified. Section 14: Transportation legal

text was modified.

Page Heading: Product

name was modified.

Section 15: Inventories

information was

modified. Section 9:

Boiling point

information was

modified.

Section 5: Flammable limits (UE) information was modified. Section

5: Flammable limits (LEL)


Section 9: Property description for

optional properties was modified. Section

9: Flammable limits (LEL) information

was modified. Section 9: Flammable limits

(UEL) information was modified. Section

2: Ingredient table was modified.

Section 6: 6.2. Environmental precautions heading was added.

Section 6: 6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency

procedures heading was added. Section 10.1 Conditions to avoid heading was

added.

Section 10.2 Materials to avoid

heading was added. Section 6:

Personal precautions information

was added. Section 6:

Environmental procedures

information was added. Section 6:

Methods for cleaning up

information was added. Section 10: Materials to avoid physical property was added. Section 10: Conditions to avoid

physical property was added.

Section 6: Clean-up methods

heading was added.

Section 6: Release

measures information was

deleted. Section 6: Release

measures heading was

deleted.

102

Section 10: Materials and conditions to avoid physical property was deleted.

DISCLAIMER: The information in this Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is believed to be correct as of

the date issued. 3M MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE. User is

responsible for determining whether the 3M product is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's

method of use or application. Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and application of a 3M

product, some of which are uniquely within the user's knowledge and control, it is essential that the user

evaluate the 3M product to determine whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method

of use or application.

3M provides information in electronic form as a service to its customers. Due to the remote possibility

that electronic transfer may have resulted in errors, omissions or alterations in this information, 3M makes

no representations as to its completeness or accuracy. In addition, information obtained from a database

may not be as current as the information in the MSDS available directly from 3M.

103

Appendix E.5

RadioShack Cat. No. 64-035 [B)

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Complies with OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29CFR1.91.0.1200

Rev.6/1/00

ROSIN CORE SOLDER Rosin and Clean Core

10/oSn/99°/oPb to 990/oSn/1OfoPb

BOW ELECTRONIC SOLDERS

1CROSSMAN ROAD SAYREVILLE, Nl 08872

1. PRODUCT INGREDIENTS

with or without silver Phone No. 732-316-2100

Infotrac Emergency No.1-800-535-5053

Weight Permissible Air SARA nt:le Ill

Ch miglNi!m CAS No. 0/2 eon o.(mgl y.m.} OSHA ACGIH

Sect.313Ch m

TIN 7440-31-5 0-100 2.0 2.0 NO LEAD 7439-92-1 0-100 o.os 0.15 YES SILVER 7440-22-4 <20 .1 .1 YES

ROSIN 8050-09-7 1-3 N/A N/A NO

No other hazardous materialis present in concentration greater than 1%(0.1.% for carcinogens)

2. PHYSICAL DATA

Materialis SOLID

Appearance and Odor SILVER-WHITE METAL,CORE HAS SLIGHT ODOR

Melting Point METAL 179-312°C CORE 250°C

Boiling Point >1300°C

106°C

Specific Gravity 7.3-11.3

1.1

Vapor Density N/A

Solubility in Water INSOLUBLE

Vapor Pressure

N/A Evaporation Rate N/A

pH

N/A

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA

Flash Point METALN/A CORE 300"F

Flammable Limits N/A

Auto Ignition Temp.

N/A

UnusualFire and Explosion Hazards MOLTEN METALS PRODUCE FUME OR VAPOR THAT MAY BE TOXIC AND/OR RESPIRATORY IRRITANTS. REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH OXIDIZING AGENTS.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Recommended USE C02 OR DRY CHEMICAL ON SURROUNDING FIRE.

Fire Extinguishing Agents To Avoid DO NOT USE WATER ON FIRE WHERE MOLTEN METAL IS PRESENT.

104

RadioShack Cat. No. 64-035 [B] p. 2

Special Fire Fighting Precautions USE NIOSH/MSHA APPROVED SELF-coNTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND FULL BODY PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.

1

NFPARATING 1 0 HEALTH 1, FLAMMABILITY 1, 0

4. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMAnON

REACT.nnTYO,SPECIALO

Primary Routes of Entry INGESTION X INHALATION ABSORPTION

carcinogenecity THIS PRODUCT HAS NOT BEEN LISTED AS A SUSPECT CARCINOGEN BY NTP, IARC OR OSHA.

Acute overexposure(symptoms and effects) SEVERE SHORT-TERM OVEREXPOSURE MAY LEAD TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, CHARACTERIZED BY DROWSINESS, SEIZURES, COMA AND DEATH. IT SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED THAT EXPOSURES OF THIS MAGNITUDE IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT ARE EXTREMELY UNUKELY.

Chronic overex:posure(symptoms and effects) PROLONGED OVEREXPOSURE TO LEAD CAN RESULT IN SYSTEMIC POISONING WITH SYMPTOMS OF METALUC TASTE, ANEMIA, INSOMNIA, WEAKNESS, CONSTIPATION, ABDOMINAL PAIN,GASTROINTEmNAL DISORDERS, JOINT AND MUSCULAR PAIN AND MUSCULAR WEAKNESS AND MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE BLOOD-FORMING, NERVOUS, KIDNEYS AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS.

MedicalConditions Possibly Aggravated By Exposure DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS, KIDNEYS, NERVOUS AND POSSIBLY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS.

First Aid Procedures INHALATION:REMOVE FROM EXPOSURE AND CALL A PHYSICIAN. SKIN CONTACT: WASH AFFECTED AREAS WITH SOAP AND WATER. IF BURNS SHOULD OCCUR FROM MOLTEN METAL TREAT FOR BURN AND GET IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. EYE CONTACT: FLUSH EYES WITH WATER FOR 15 MINUTES, CALL A PHYSICIAN. INGESTION:INGEST LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER, CALL A PHYSICIAN.

5. PRECAUnONS/PROCEDURES

OVERHEATING OF ALLOY CAN PRODUCE METAL FUMES AND OXIDES. MACHINING OPERATIONS SUCH AS GRINDING, SAWING OR BUFFING CAN GENERATE AIRBORNE PARTICULATE IN THE WORK AREA. EXPOSURE LEVELS INDICATED IN SECTION 1ARE RELEVANT TO THESE AND OTHER OPERATIONS.

NormalHandling USE OF APPROVED RESPIRATORS IS REQUIRED FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE ADEQUATE VENTILATION CANNOT BE PROVIDED. ACTIVITIES WHICH GENERATE DUST OR FUME SHOULD BE AVOIDED. WHEN MELTED, THE TEMPERATURE SHOULD BE KEPT AS LOW AS POSSIBLE.

105


Spill or Leak: ANY METHOD THAT KEEPS DUST TO A MINIMUMIS ACCEPTABLE. VACUUMING ISPREFERRED. USE OF APPROVED RESPIRATORY PROTECTION WHERE POSSIBILITY OF DUST/FUME

EXPOSURE EXISTS. DO NOT USE COMPRESSED AIR FOR CLEANING.

PersonalHygiene: AVOID INHALATION OR INGESTION. PRACTICE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING AND PERSONAL

HYGIENE PROCEDURES. A SHOWER IS RECOMMENDED IF SIGNIFICANT DUST EXPOSURE OCCURS.

Engineering Controls: LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION IS RECOMMENDED FOR DUST AND/OR FUME GENERATION OPERATIONS WHERE AIRBORNE EXPOSURES MAY EXCEED PERMISSIBLE AIR

CONCENTRATIONS.

Storage: GENERAL STORAGE PROCEDURES ACCEPTABLE.

SpecialPrecautions,Procedures,Label Instruction:

SPECIAL ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE OSHA LEAD STANDARD

(1910.1025) AND RESPIRATOR STANDARD (1910.134) SHOULD AIRBORNE EXPOSURES

EXCEED THE OSHA ACTION LEVEL OR PEL.

6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Respiratory Prob!ction: WHERE AIRBORNE EXPOSURES MAY EXCEED OSHA/ ACGIH PERMISSIBLE AIR

CONCENTRATIONS,THE MINIMUM RESPIRATORY PROTECTION RECOMMENDED IS A

NEGATIVE PRESSURE AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR WITH CARTRIDGES THAT ARE NIOSH/MSHA APPROVED AGAINST DUST,FUMES AND MISTS HAVING A TWA NOT LESS THAN

0/05 MG/CU M.

Eyes and Face:

SAFETY GLASSES RECOMMENDED WHERE THE POSSIBIUTY OF GETTING DUST PARTICLES IN EYES EXISTS OR WHEN HANDUNG MOLTEN METAL

Other Clothing and Equipment

GLOVES AND OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING RECOMMENDED IF SKIN CONTACT IS

APPRECIABLE.

7. REACTIVITY DATA

Stability: STABLE Conditions to Avoid: NOT APPUCABLE

Incompatibility: STRONG OXIDIZERS MAY CAUSE VIOLENT REACTION.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE THE MELTING POINT,OXIC

FUMES OR VAPORS MAY BE EMITTED.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL

Regulated by DOT? NO

Revised On 05/21/2012

106


Waste Disposal Method(DISPOSER MUST COMPLY WITH FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL DISPOSAL OR DISCHARGE LAWS) IF HAZARDOUS UNDER 40 CFR 261, SUBPARTS BAND C, MATERIAL MUST BE TREATED OR DISPOSED IN A FACILITY MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR 254 OR 265. IF NON HAZARDOUS, MATERIAL SHOULD BE DISPOSED IN A FACILITY MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR 257.

RCRA Status of Unused Material:

IF DISCARGED IN UNALTERED FORM, MATERIAL SHOULD BE TESTED TO DETERMINE IF IT MUST BE CLASSIFIED AS A HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR DISPOSAL PURPOSES. UNDER SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES, APPUCATION CAN BE MADE TO THE EPA ADMINISTRATOR TO HAVE A PARTICULAR WASTE DESIGNATED NON-HAZARDOUS.

9. ADDmONAL INFORMATION Precautions to be takenin handling and storing: NONE Other Precautions: NONE

This Material SMety Data Sheet is offered rtJr your inrtJrmation, cotJSideration and investigation. Bow Electronic Solders provides no warranties, either expressed or implied, and iiSSI/mes no responsfbillties ror the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in

this document. The data In this Material Safety Data Sheet relates to this product and doe$ not relate to use in combination with any other material or In any process.


107

Appendix E.6 1 Identification of the substance and manufacturer

Trade name: MRO SAFETY GREEN (GALLONS)

Product code: 0000011452 Manufacturer/Supplier: Seymour of Sycamore

917 Crosby Avenue Sycamore, IL 60178 Phone: 815-895-9101 www.seymourpaint.com

General Information: Health & Safety Department Emergency telephone number: CHEMTEL 1-800-255-3924, 813-248-0585 *if located outside the U.S.*

2 Composition/information on ingredients

Chemical Description: This product is a mixture of the substances listed below with nonhazardous additions.

Dangerous components:

64742-47-8 Mineral Spirits 20.16%

7727-43-7 barium sulphate, natural 15.02%

13463-67-7 titanium dioxide 7.28%

108-65-6 PM acetate 2.69% 1330-20-7 xylene (mix) 1.15%

64742-48-9 Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy 1.04%

96-29-7 2-butanone oxime 0.65%

3 Hazards identification

Risk phrases: Flammable. Irritating to eyes and skin.

Safety phrases: Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs. Do not empty into drains, dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.

NFPA ratings (0 - 4): Health- 2 Fire- 2 Reactivity- 0

HMIS-ratings (0 - 4): Health- 2 Flammability- 2 Reactivity- 0

4 First aid measures

After inhalation: Supply fresh air; consult doctor in case of complaints. After skin contact: Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly. After eye contact: Move to fresh air. Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist,

consult a doctor. After swallowing: Contact physician or poison control center.

5 Firefighting measures

Special hazards: No further relevant information available. Protective equipment: No special measures required.

6 Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away. Environmental precautions: Do not allow product to reach sewage systems or ground water. Methods and material for

http://www.seymourpaint.com/

http://www.seymourpaint.com/


108

containment and cleaning up: Absorb with liquid-binding material (sand, diatomite, acid binders, universal binders, sawdust).

Ensure adequate ventilation.

7 Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling Prevent formation of aerosols. Fire/explosion protection: Keep respiratory protective device available.

(Contd. on page 2)

USA

34.0.2

Material Safety Data Sheet acc. to ISO/DIS 11014

Printing date 05/21/2012



(Contd. of page 1)

109

Do not spray on a naked flame or any incandescent material. Do not smoke. Protect from electrostatic discharges.

8 Exposure controls/personal protection

Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:

7727-43-7 barium sulphate, natural PEL

REL

TLV

15* 5** mg/m³ *total dust **respirable fraction 10* 5** mg/m³ *total dust **respirable fraction 10 mg/m³

108-65-6 PM acetate WEEL 50 ppm

1330-20-7 xylene (mix) PEL REL

TLV

435 mg/m³, 100 ppm Short-term value: 655 mg/m³, 150 ppm Long-term value: 435 mg/m³, 100 ppm Short-term value: 651 mg/m³, 150 ppm Long-term value: 434 mg/m³, 100 ppm BEI

Hygienic protection: Keep away from foodstuffs and animal feed. Wash hands after use. Store protective clothing separately.

Breathing equipment: Not required. Hand protection: Protective gloves. The glove material has to be impermeable and resistant to the substance. No glove

recommendation can be given. Eye protection: Tightly sealed goggles

9 Physical and chemical properties

pH-value: Not determined. Boiling point: 175°C (347 °F)

Flash point: 40°C (104 °F)

Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not applicable.

Auto igniting: Product is not self-igniting.

Danger of explosion: In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. Lower Explosion Limit: 0.5 Vol % Upper Explosion Limit: 6.5 Vol %

VOC content: 301.8 g/l / 2.52 lb/gl VOC content (less exempt solvents): 26.0 % MIR Value: 0.00

Solids content: 72.8 % Other information No further relevant information available.

10 Stability and reactivity

Conditions to avoid: No decomposition if used according to specifications. Hazardous decomposition: No dangerous decomposition products known.

11 Toxicological information

Skin effects: Irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Eye effects: Irritating effect. Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.

12 Ecological information

Aquatic toxicity: Hazardous for water, do not empty into drains. Other information: This product does not contain any chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC's),

perfluorocarbons (PFC's), or chlorinated solvents.

13 Disposal considerations

DISPOSAL METHOD: Dispose of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Do not puncture, incinerate, or compact. Partially empty cans must be disposed of responsibly. Do not heat or cut empty containers with electric or gas torches. Recommendation: Completely empty cans should be recycled.

USA

(Contd. on page 3)





(Contd. of page 1)

110

34.0.2





(Contd. of page 1)

111

14 Transport information UN-Number UN1263 DOT Consumer

Commodity ORM-D PAINT

Class 3 Flammable liquids. Label 3 Marine pollutant: No EMS Number: F-E,S-E Packaging Group: III

15 Regulatory information

SARA Section 355 (extremely hazardous substances):

None of the ingredients in this product are listed.

SARA Section 313 (Specific toxic chemical listings):

1330-20-7 xylene (mix)

TSCA: All ingredients are listed. CPSC: This product complies with 16 CFR 1303 and does not contain more than 90 ppm of lead.

California Proposition 65 chemicals known to cause cancer:

100-41-4 ethyl benzene

1333-86-4 Carbon black

WHMIS Symbols for Canada: B3 - Combustible liquid

EPA:

1330-20-7 xylene (mix) I

IARC: Group 2A: The ingredient is probably carcinogenic to humans. Group 2B: The i ngredie nt is p ossi bly c arci nog enic to hum ans . There is l i mite d evi denc e of carcinogenicity. Group 3: The ingredient is unclassifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

13463-67-7 titanium dioxide 2B 1330-20-7 xylene (mix) 3

ACGIH: A1-designates a confirmed human carcinogen. A2-designates a suspected human carcinogen. A3-designates an animal carcinogen. A4-designates "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".

13463-67-7 titanium dioxide A4 1330-20-7 xylene (mix) A4

NIOSH:

13463-67-7 titanium dioxide

1333-86-4 Carbon black

16 Other

information This product was manufactured in the U.S.A. The information on this sheet is based on our present knowledge. However, this shall not constitute a guarantee for any specific product features and shall not establish a legally valid contractual relationship. Contact: Regulatory Affairs

Abbreviations and acronyms: IMDG: International Maritime Code for Dangerous Goods

DOT: US Department of Transportation CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service (division of the American Chemical Society) NFPA: National Fire Protection Association (USA) HMIS: Hazardous Materials Identification System (USA) VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds (USA, EU) ISO: International Organization for Standardization EPA: Environmental Protection Agency IARC: International Agency for the Research of Cancer NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission

112

HM

HEALTH 0

FLAMMABILITY 1

PHYSICAL

HAZARD 0

Appendix E.7

1. Identification Product Name: Nomex

® Fibers

Synonyms: Aramid, Meta-Aramid, Aromatic Polyamide Manufacturer: MiniFibers Inc.; 2923 Boones Creek Road; Johnson City, TN 37615 USA Telephone: Information: (423) 282-4242 Emergency: (423) 282-4242

Date Prepared: September 2010

2. Hazard Identification This product is not hazardous under the criteria of U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Standard 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z and United Nations GHS Parts 2, 3, and 4.

3. Composition / Information on Ingredients Substance CAS No. EC No. Concentration By Weight

Poly(isophthaloylchloride/m- phenylenediamine) (NOMEX

® meta-

aramid polymer)

25765-47-3

-

73 - 99.5%

N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) 127-19-5 204-826-4 1 - 3%

Finish none - 0 - 2%

Colorants none - 0 - 4%

Dye assist agent none - 0 - 14%

Ultraviolet light stabilizer none - 0 - 4%

Water 7732-18-5 231-791-2 0 - 12%

4. Emergency & First Aid Measures Routes of Exposure:

Inhalation: NOMEX®

fibers are too big to inhale into the lungs, but fiber dust and fly from processing may be breathed into the nose and throat. Working unprotected in dusty conditions may cause upper respiratory irritation and cold-like symptoms. Move to fresh air if effects occur. Consult a physician if persistent coughing or other symptoms develop.

Skin: If thermal burn, cool with water and seek immediate medical attention; do not attempt to peel fibers

from skin. Based on animal and human skin patch tests, NOMEX®

does not cause sensitization (allergic reaction) and has little potential for skin irritation. Continual rubbing of fibers and fiber pieces on the skin (as when trapped under cuffs or collar, or when constantly handled as fabrics) may cause skin irritation. Wash off with soap and water, and consult a physician if symptoms develop.

Skin Absorption: A single prolonged skin exposure is not likely to result in the material being absorbed through the skin in

harmful amounts. Eyes: Fibers or fiber dust may cause irritation or scratch the surface of the eyes. NOMEX

® is untested for eye

irritancy. Flush with water to remove particles; remove contact lenses if present part eyelids with fingers to ensure complete flushing. Consult a physician if persistent irritation or other symptoms develop.

Ingestion: Based on animal studies, NOMEX®

is nontoxic when eaten. Consult a physician if gastro-intestinal distress develops or if a large amount is swallowed.

Contaminated clothing does not need to be removed. Personal protective equipment is not required for first-aid responders.

5. Fire Fighting Measures / Fire & Explosion Hazard Data Flash Point: No data available Flammable Limits: Not determined Extinguishing Media: Water, CO2, dry chemicals, foam, fog. Hazardous Combustion Products: Burning NOMEX

® produces hazardous gases similar to those

from wool. These are mostly carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and small amounts of hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, aldehydes, aliphatic hydrocarbons and other toxic gases depending on conditions of burning.

Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards: None known. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Avoid excessive inhalation of smoke or potential thermal

decomposition products. Keep product cool by spraying with water. If outdoors, fight fire from an upwind position.

Special Protective Equipment: Due to potential decomposition of the polymer, firefighters should be equipped with positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and standard protective fire fighting clothing (helmet, eye protection, overalls, boots, and gloves) when fighting all indoor fires and any significant outdoor fires.

6. Accidental Release Measures / Steps to be Taken if Material is Released or Spilled Personal Precautions: None needed. Environmental Precautions: Fiber is not biodegradable; do not flush into drains.

113

Methods for Cleanup: Vacuum or sweep up and place in a standard disposal container. Avoid the use of air jets.

114

Component

Exposure Guidelines OSHA ACGIH DuPont A HA

A *

Poly(isophthaloylchloride/ m-phenylenediamine)

(NOMEX®

meta-aramid polymer)

None established

None established

10mg/m3, 8 hr

TWA, total dust

5mg/m3 8 hr

TWA, respir. dust

5mg/m3 8 hr TWA total dust for non- respirable fibers and non-fibrous particles

N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)

10ppm, 36

mg m3—8hr

10ppm, 36

mg m3—8hr

TWA, skin

4

10ppm, 8hr.

TWA, skin

None established

Dust should be considered a nuisance dust: ACGIH TLV 10 mg/m

3 total dust

OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m3

total dust; 5-mg/m3

respirable dust * AEL is DuPont's Acceptable Exposure Limit. Where governmentally imposed occupational exposure limits that are lower than the AEL are in effect, such limits shall take precedence.

7. Precautions for Safe Handling & Storage Precautions for Safe Handling: No special handling has been shown to be necessary. Conditions for Safe Storage: Avoid overstacking to prevent collapse or breakage of the package. Do not store near flame

or incompatible substances. Other Precautions: NOMEX

® is degraded by ultraviolet light. Do not store in direct sunlight. Fluorescent lighting

will cause discoloration, but will not affect fiber mechanical properties.

8. Exposure Control Measures / Personal Protection Exposure Guidelines:

Engineering Controls: Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid dust generation. Local exhaust recommended to reduce

exposure to fiber dust. Specific Personal Protective Equipment:

Respiratory: Where airborne dust and fibril concentrations are expected to exceed applicable exposure limits, or where there is potential for irritation of the nasal passages by the mechanical action of the fibers, NIOSH-approved respirators should be used. An air-purifying respirator with a dust/mist/fume cartridge or canister may be permissible under certain

circumstances. Disposable dust masks (3M model N95 8210, or equivalent) may also be used. When NOMEX

® is used at elevated temperatures, or in a way that might create airborne DMAc or

decomposition products in excess of applicable exposure limits, wear NIOSH-approved organic vapor cartridge respirators.

Eye: For operations where eye contact can occur, eye protection such as goggles or safety glasses is recommended.

Hand: Protective gloves not required. Skin/Other: Not required.

Work/Hygienic Practices:

Maintain good housekeeping to control dust accumulations. Avoid the use of air jets to blow off equipment; use vacuums instead. Do not consume food, drink or tobacco in areas where they may become contaminated with this material.

9. Physical & Chemical Properties / Characteristics Chemical Formula: Proprietary Flash Point: No data available Solubility: Not soluble Appearance: Off-white solid Evaporation Rate: Does not apply Partition Coefficient: No data available Odor: No odor Flammability: Non-flammable Auto-Ignition Temp: No data available pH: No data available Vapor Pressure: Does not apply Decomposition Temp: 200

oC

Melting Point:

Boiling Point:

Does not melt Does not apply

Vapor Density:

Specific Gravity:

Does not apply

1.38 g/cm3

Viscosity: Does not apply

10. Stability & Reactivity Data Reactivity: Data not available. Stability: Stable under normal conditions. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Conditions to Avoid: Heating NOMEX

® fiber above about 200°C (392°F) will drive out the DMAc (0-3%

by weight in un-dyed fibers.) This will not harm the fiber, but the DMAc vapors may present an inhalation hazard in confined spaces.

NOMEX®

polymer begins to thermally degrade rapidly above 300°C (572°F). Fiber finishes can thermally decompose above 200°C (392°F). The thermal degradation rate increases with temperature.

Incompatible Materials: None known. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Decomposition can produce irritating and toxic gases.

115

11. Toxicological Information / Health Hazard Data Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic):

EYE EFFECTS: NOMEX®

is untested for eye irritancy. As with other particles, mechanical action of fibers in the eye may cause slight irritation. DMAc is an eye irritant in animals and man. Eye contact may include eye irritation with discomfort, tearing, or blurring of vision.

SKIN EFFECTS: NOMEX®

fibers are not skin irritants, or skin sensitizers in animals. Skin sensitization has not been observed

in human patch tests or in industrial experience. NOMEX®

fiber has been used in direct contact with the skin in industrial gloves and protective apparel for many years. The mechanical action of the fibers may cause slight skin irritation at clothing binding points. Repeated harsh rubbing of the skin with fibrous dust or supported fiber structures (e.g., sized, coated or impregnated fabrics, paper edges, etc.) may cause abrasion, with resulting irritation and rash. Symptoms disappear following cessation of skin contact. DMAc skin absorption toxicity: LD50 for rabbits is 2240mg/kg (moderately toxic by skin absorption). Liquid DMAc is a skin irritant, but not a skin sensitizer in animals. In humans, skin contact can cause irritation with discomfort or rash. ACUTE ORAL EFFECTS:

NOMEX®

has very low toxicity by ingestion. Oral ALD >7500mg/kg in rats. DMAc is slightly toxic by ingestion. LD50 is 4930mg/kg in female rats. ACUTE INHALATION EFFECTS:

Industrial experience shows that inhalation of fibrous dust and fly may cause mechanical irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat with resulting dry cough, scratchy throat and runny nose. Symptoms cease upon cessation of exposure. DMAc skin absorption toxicity: ALD for rabbits, when applied in single doses, is 5000mg/kg body weight. Human health effects of overexposure to DMAc by inhalation or skin absorption may initially include nonspecific discomfort such as nausea, headache, or weakness; temporary nervous headache, confusion, loss of coordination and loss of consciousness; abnormal liver and kidney functions as detected by laboratory tests or jaundice (liver). Skin permeation occurs rapidly and can occur in amounts capable of producing the effects of systemic toxicity. There are no reports of human sensitization. Individuals with pre-existing diseases of the liver may have increased susceptibility to the toxicity of excessive exposure. SUBCHRONIC INHALATION EFFECTS:

A two-week subchronic test in which mice were exposed to DMAc via inhalation showed liver and testicular effects at high exposure concentrations (300, 500 and 700ppm.) No adverse effects were observed at 100ppm. CHRONIC INHALATION EFFECTS

FIBERS:

NOMEX®

fiber does not break down into fibrils when abraded; instead it produces non-fibrous particles. A 2.5mg dust sample

of NOMEX®, prepared by grinding NOMEX

® paper, was instilled once into rat lungs. Tissue response was measured

histopathologically in groups of rats at periodic sacrifices from 2 days to 2 years. No sign of adverse response to the NOMEX®

dust was seen. DMAc:

Toxic effects described in animals from exposure by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact include retinal, liver, lung and kidney effects, reduced spermatogenesis, bone marrow effects and ataxia. Tests in animals demonstrate no carcinogenic activity. If there is significant potential for skin contact with DMAc, biological monitoring should be done to measure the level of DMAc metabolites in urine specimens collected at the end of the shift. It is DuPont practice to limit individual end-of-shift DMAc metabolites in urine levels to 40ppm or below, expressed as N-methylacetamide (MMAc) and to control average DMAc metabolite in urine levels for the job to 20ppm or below, expressed as MMAc. MUTAGENIC, DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS

FIBERS:

No animal tests have been run to define mutagenic, developmental or reproductive hazards of NOMEX®

fibers. DMAc:

Tests in mammalian cell cultures demonstrate no mutagenic activity. In laboratory tests, application of DMAc to the skin of pregnant rats has caused fetal deaths when the doses were close to the lethal dose level for the mother. Embryonal malformations have been observed at dose levels 20% of the lethal dose and higher. However, when male and female rats were exposed to mean concentrations of DMAc at 31ppm, 101ppm, and 291 ppm for 6 hours per day over several weeks, no reproductive effects were observed. Carcinogenicity:

NTP: Not listed. IARC: 3 - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. OSHA: Not regulated.

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: No data available. Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: Some individuals, e.g. with asthma or bronchitis, are likely to be intolerant of high

concentrations of airborne fibers or fiber dust when processing.

12. Ecological Information Toxicity: NOMEX

® fibers do not leach material toxic to flora or fauna.

Finishes and additives used with NOMEX®

are routinely tested for their potential effects on manufacturing wastewater treatment systems. Biocompatibility and aquatic toxicity tests give the following results:

• None appear to be inhibitory or toxic to microbes commonly found in biological treatment systems.

• Biodegradation and normal anti-foam treatments control foaming.

116

• Discharge of scoured finishes should not result in increased effluent toxicities. • Finishes are completely or substantially biodegradable. Since concentrations and treatment conditions vary, the above should be considered indicative only.

Persistence and Degradability: NOMEX®

fibers are essentially non-biodegradable in the environment. DMAc in wastewater streams contributes to the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), but is readily biodegradable in conventional biological sewage treatment systems.

Bioaccumulative Potential: No data available. Mobility in Soil: No data available.

13. Disposal Considerations Waste Disposal Method: NOMEX

® fibers are not hazardous wastes as defined by regulations implementing the Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In general, waste materials of NOMEX®

may be treated, stored, transported and disposed of in accordance with the state and local regulations governing the disposal of other common or non-RCRA regulated waste materials. Since the fiber

is essentially non-biodegradable, do not flush to surface water or sanitary sewer system. Dispose of in accordance with all applicable governmental regulations for non-hazardous solid waste.

Recycling of corrugated packaging is encouraged where possible. Other packaging may be disposed of with product. Standard disposal containers are acceptable.

14. Transport Information Proper Shipping Name: Aramid Staple Fibers U.S. DOT: Not regulated. U.S. NMFC Item Number: 68310 ICAO/IATA: Not regulated. HTC Number: 5503.90 IMDG: Not regulated. U.N. Number: None Canada TDG: Not regulated.

15. Regulatory Information International:

Canada: DSL/NDSL: The main ingredient of this product is included on the Canadian Non-Domestic Substance List. All other ingredients are included on the Canadian Domestic Substance List.

Canada: WHMIS: Not a controlled product. Europe: Not classified as dangerous according to

Directive 1999/45/EC. UN: Does not appear on the Dangerous Goods List.

16. Other Information

Federal (U.S.):

EPA: Not regulated. OSHA: Not hazardous under the criteria of Occupational Safety

and Health Standard 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z. State:

CA: Proposition 65: Does not contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.

This MSDS has been prepared in compliance with United States OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 and the United Nations Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

Disclaimer: To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, we cannot assume any liability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Final determination of the suitability of any material is the sole responsibility of the user. All materials may present unknown hazards and should be used with caution. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot guarantee that these are the only hazards which exist.

117

Appendix F: Risks, Failures, and Hazards

F.1- Facility Risks to the Completion of the Project

Loss of Access

Likelihood Consequence Mitigation Action

Rocket Lab Low Loss of primary

workspace

Communication with faculty and

being courteous to

building occupants

Move to Dustin N.’s workshop

Low-Altitude Test Launch

Facility in Glen Rose,

TX

Low

Delays increase travel

time to alternate test launch facility

Open communication with owner & clean up after use (respect

facilities)

Move test to high-altitude test launch facility in

Cross Plains, TX

High-Altitude Test Launch

Facility in Cross Plains,

TX

Medium Delays in test

launch

Schedule in advance,

communication with owner &

clean up (respect facilities)

Seek out Dallas/Austin NAR launch

sites

Science Building

Low Loss of access

to electronic test equipment

Communication with dean & faculty, use

proper equipment checkout

procedures

Purchase needed

equipment, access

community resources

Engineering Building

Low

Loss of access to prototyping and simulation

equipment

Communication with dean & faculty, use

proper equipment checkout

procedures

Purchase needed

equipment, access

community resources

118

F.2- Failures Modes

Subsystem Risk Likelihood Consequence Mitigation

Vehicle

Failed ignition Low Failure to launch

Adequate ignition system testing

Structural damage upon impact

Low Rocket is not reusable

Adequate recovery systems testing; proper descent control & selection of parachute

Improper vehicle assembly

Low

Vehicle disassembly; instable rocket flight

Vehicle assembly protocol

Recovery

Shock cord breakage

Low Sections are no longer tethered

Multiple tests

GPS failure Medium Unable to track/recover rocket

Redundant systems

Audible altimeter failure

Medium Warrants no points for altitude score

Testing

High wind Medium Drifts outside recovery zone, loss of rocket

Postpone launch

High altitude parachute deployment

Low Drifts outside recovery zone, loss of rocket

Multiple test launches

Failed separation event

Low No parachute deployment, ballistic rocket

Adequate separation testing both during flight and pre-flight

Black Powder Ignition

Low

Possible damage to vehicle, recovery system components, and/or payload

Testing and analysis

119

F.2- Failures Modes (Cont’d)

Payload

Loss of telemetry

High

Failure to meet SMD Payload (Requirement 3.1.3.7)

GCS antenna testing; maintain Xbee data transmission protocol

Inappropriate power for system runtime

Low

Complete failure, SMD component damage

Electrical power system testing; auxiliary power system current regulators, circuit breakers

Onboard storage failure

Low

Failure to meet SMD payload (Requirement 3.1.3.7)

Testing SD functionality, maintain SPI protocol

Electrical interference

Low

Erroneous data, unpredictable circuit behavior

Proper shielding & wiring

Inadequate component mounting

Low

Disconnection of sensors; unreliable payload

Mounting integrity, proper soldering

Erroneous sensor data

Medium Inaccurate results

Redundancy sensors, testing

Software failure

Low Unpredictable behavior

Extensive testing

120

F.3- Hazards

Risk Sources Likelihood Consequence Mitigation Action

Laceration

Knives, routers,

saws, file, Drimmel

Medium Serious injury

or death

Follow safety

protocols, proper

tool and equipment

use, personal

safety attire

Discontinue all

operations, apply first

aid, contact EMS

Burns

Chemicals (FFFFg, fiberglass

resin), welders, soldering

Iron

Medium Minor to

serious injury

Follow safety

protocols, proper

tool and equipment

use, personal

safety attire,

consult MSDS

Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS

Respiratory Damage

Chemicals (epoxy, solder), fumes,

fiberglass

Low Brain damage

or death

Proper ventilation

, use of

respirators,

consult MSDS,

first aid kit available

Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS

Vision Damage

Welders, fiberglass, grinders, projectile

debris

Low Partial to complete blindness

Use of goggles,

force shields, consult MSDS,


Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS,

use eyewash

121

F.3- Hazards (Cont’d)

Allergic Reaction

Epoxy, chemicals

, fiberglass

Low

Loss of respiration,

Inflammation (Internal & external)

Use of gloves, consult MSDS,


Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS,

administer antihistamine

s, safety shower

Hearing Damage

FFFFg, Grinders, Ignition Routers

Low Partial to complete deafness

Ear muffs, consult MSDS,


Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS

Dismemberment

Projectiles,

Saws, Launches

Low Permanent

injury or death

Make sure proper safety

measures are taken

Discontinue all


aid, contact EMS,

tourniquet

122

Appendix G: NAR High Power Rocket Safety Code

http://www.nar.org

High Power Rocket Safety Code

Effective August 2012

1. Certification. I will only fly high power rockets or possess high power rocket

motors that are within the scope of my user certification and required licensing.

2. Materials. I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood, rubber,

plastic, fiberglass, or when necessary ductile metal, for the construction of my

rocket.

3. Motors. I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will not

tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those

recommended by the manufacturer. I will not allow smoking, open flames, nor

heat sources within 25 feet of these motors.

4. Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system,

and with electrical motor igniters that are installed in the motor only after my

rocket is at the launch pad or in a designated prepping area. My launch system

will have a safety interlock that is in series with the launch switch that is not

installed until my rocket is ready for launch, and will use a launch switch that

returns to the "off" position when released. The function of onboard energetics

and firing circuits will be inhibited except when my rocket is in the launching

position.

5. Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical

launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its

battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing

anyone to approach the rocket.

6. Launch Safety. I will use a 5-second countdown before launch. I will ensure

that a means is available to warn participants and spectators in the event of a

problem. I will ensure that no person is closer to the launch pad than allowed

by the accompanying Minimum Distance Table. When arming onboard

energetics and firing circuits I will ensure that no person is at the pad except

safety personnel and those required for arming and disarming operations. I will

check the stability of my rocket before flight and will not fly it if it cannot be

determined to be stable. When conducting a simultaneous launch of more than

one high power rocket I will observe the additional requirements of NFPA 1127.

7. Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a stable device that provides rigid

guidance until the rocket has attained a speed that ensures a stable flight, and

that is pointed to within 20 degrees of vertical. If the wind speed exceeds 5

123

miles per hour I will use a launcher length that permits the rocket to attain a

safe velocity before separation from the launcher. I will use a blast deflector to

prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. I will ensure that dry

grass is cleared around each launch pad in accordance with the accompanying

Minimum Distance table, and will increase this distance by a factor of 1.5 and

clear that area of all combustible material if the rocket motor being launched

uses titanium sponge in the propellant.

8. Size. My rocket will not contain any combination of motors that total more than

40,960 N-sec (9208 pound-seconds) of total impulse. My rocket will not weigh

more at liftoff than one-third of the certified average thrust of the high power

rocket motor(s) intended to be ignited at launch.

9. Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, near

airplanes, nor on trajectories that take it directly over the heads of spectators

or beyond the boundaries of the launch site, and will not put any flammable or

explosive payload in my rocket. I will not launch my rockets if wind speeds

exceed 20 miles per hour. I will comply with Federal Aviation Administration

airspace regulations when flying, and will ensure that my rocket will not exceed

any applicable altitude limit in effect at that launch site.

10. Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area where trees,

power lines, occupied buildings, and persons not involved in the launch do not

present a hazard, and that is at least as large on its smallest dimension as one-

half of the maximum altitude to which rockets are allowed to be flown at that

site or 1500 feet, whichever is greater, or 1000 feet for rockets with a

combined total impulse of less than 160 N-sec, a total liftoff weight of less than

1500 grams, and a maximum expected altitude of less than 610 meters (2000

feet).

11. Launcher Location. My launcher will be 1500 feet from any occupied building

or from any public highway on which traffic flow exceeds 10 vehicles per hour,

not including traffic flow related to the launch. It will also be no closer than the

appropriate Minimum Personnel Distance from the accompanying table from

any boundary of the launch site.

12. Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a parachute in my

rocket so that all parts of my rocket return safely and undamaged and can be

flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof recovery system

wadding in my rocket.

13. Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines,

tall trees, or other dangerous places, fly it under conditions where it is likely to

recover in spectator areas or outside the launch site, nor attempt to catch it as

it approaches the ground.

MINIMUM DISTANCE TABLE

Installed Total

Impulse

(Newton-

Equivalent

High Power

Motor Type

Minimum

Diameter of

Cleared Area

Minimum

Personnel

Distance (ft.)

Minimum

Personnel

Distance

124

Seconds) (ft.) (Complex

Rocket) (ft.)

0 -- 320.00 H or smaller 50 100 200

320.01 --

640.00 I 50 100 200

640.01 --

1,280.00 J 50 100 200

1,280.01 --

2,560.00 K 75 200 300

2,560.01 --

5,120.00 L 100 300 500

5,120.01 --

10,240.00 M 125 500 1000

10,240.01 --

20,480.00 N 125 1000 1500

20,480.01 --

40,960.00 O 125 1500 2000

Note: A Complex rocket is one that is multi-staged or that is propelled by two

or more rocket motors

Revision of July 2008

125

Appendix H: Federal Aviation Regulations 14 CFR, Subchapter F, Part 101, Subpart C

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 101.23

or kite below the top of any structure and within 250 feet of it, if that shielded operation does not obscure any lighting on the structure.

§ 101.15 Notice requirements.

No person may operate an unshielded moored balloon or kite more than 150 feet above the surface of the earth unless, at least 24 hours before beginning the operation, he gives the following information to the FAA ATC facility that is nearest to the place of intended operation:

(a) The names and addresses of the owners and operators.

(b) The size of the balloon or the size and weight of the kite.

(c) The location of the operation. (d) The height above the surface of

the earth at which the balloon or kite is to be operated.

(e) The date, time, and duration of the operation.

§ 101.17 Lighting and marking require-

ments.

(a) No person may operate a moored balloon or kite, between sunset and sunrise unless the balloon or kite, and its mooring lines, are lighted so as to give a visual warning equal to that required for obstructions to air navigation in the FAA publication ‘‘Obstruc- tion Marking and Lighting’’.

(b) No person may operate a moored balloon or kite between sunrise and sunset unless its mooring lines have colored pennants or streamers attached at not more than 50 foot intervals beginning at 150 feet above the surface of the earth and visible for at least one mile.

(Sec. 6(c), Department of Transportation Act

(49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))

[Doc. No. 1580, 28 FR 6722, June 29, 1963, as

amended by Amdt. 101–4, 39 FR 22252, June 21, 1974]

§ 101.19 Rapid deflation device.

No person may operate a moored balloon unless it has a device that will automatically and rapidly deflate the balloon if it escapes from its moorings. If the device does not function properly, the operator shall immediately notify the nearest ATC facility of the location and time of the escape and the estimated flight path of the balloon.

Subpart C— Amateur Rockets

§ 101.21 Applicability.

(a) This subpart applies to operating unmanned rockets. However, a person operating an unmanned rocket within a restricted area must comply with § 101.25(b)(7)(ii) and with any additional limitations imposed by the using or controlling agency.

(b) A person operating an unmanned

rocket other than an amateur rocket as defined in § 1.1 of this chapter must comply with 14 CFR Chapter III.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390, 73 FR 73781, Dec. 4,

2008]

§ 101.22 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) Class 1—Model Rocket means an

amateur rocket that:

(1) Uses no more than 125 grams (4.4

ounces) of propellant; (2) Uses a slow-burning propellant;

(3) Is made of paper, wood, or break- able plastic;

(4) Contains no substantial metal

parts; and (5) Weighs no more than 1,500 grams

(53 ounces), including the propellant.

(b) Class 2—High-Power Rocket means

an amateur rocket other than a model rocket that is propelled by a motor or motors having a combined total impulse of 40,960 Newton-seconds (9,208 pound-seconds) or less.

(c) Class 3—Advanced High-Power Rocket means an amateur rocket other than a model rocket or high-power rocket.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390, 73 FR 73781, Dec. 4,

2008]

§ 101.23 General operating limitations.

(a) You must operate an amateur rocket in such a manner that it:

(1) Is launched on a suborbital trajec-

tory;

(2) When launched, must not cross into the territory of a foreign country unless an agreement is in place between the United States and the country of concern;

(3) Is unmanned; and

(4) Does not create a hazard to per-

sons, property, or other aircraft.

126

§ 101.25

(b) The FAA may specify additional operating limitations necessary to ensure that air traffic is not adversely affected, and public safety is not jeopard- ized.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390, 73 FR 73781, Dec. 4,

2008]

§ 101.25 Operating limitations for

Class 2-High Power Rockets and Class 3-Advanced High Power Rock- ets.

When operating Class 2-High Power Rockets or Class 3-Advanced High Power Rockets, you must comply with the General Operating Limitations of § 101.23. In addition, you must not operate Class 2-High Power Rockets or Class 3-Advanced High Power Rockets—

(a) At any altitude where clouds or

obscuring phenomena of more than five-tenths coverage prevails;

(b) At any altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles;

(c) Into any cloud;

(d) Between sunset and sunrise without prior authorization from the FAA;

(e) Within 9.26 kilometers (5 nautical miles) of any airport boundary without

prior authorization from the FAA;

(f) In controlled airspace without prior authorization from the FAA;

(g) Unless you observe the greater of

the following separation distances from any person or property that is not associated with the operations:

(1) Not less than one-quarter the maximum expected altitude;

(2) 457 meters (1,500 feet.);

(h) Unless a person at least eighteen

years old is present, is charged with en- suring the safety of the operation, and has final approval authority for initi- ating high-power rocket flight; and

(i) Unless reasonable precautions are

provided to report and control a fire caused by rocket activities.

[74 FR 38092, July 31, 2009, as amended by

Amdt. 101–8, 74 FR 47435, Sept. 16, 2009]

§ 101.27 ATC notification for all

launches.

No person may operate an unmanned

rocket other than a Class 1—Model Rocket unless that person gives the following information to the FAA ATC facility nearest to the place of intended operation no less than 24 hours

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–12 Edition) before and no more than three days before beginning the operation:

(a) The name and address of the operator; except when there are multiple

participants at a single event, the name and address of the person so designated as the event launch coordinator, whose duties include coordination of the required launch data esti- mates and coordinating the launch event;

(b) Date and time the activity will begin;

(c) Radius of the affected area on the ground in nautical miles;

(d) Location of the center of the affected area in latitude and longitude

coordinates; (e) Highest affected altitude; (f) Duration of the activity; (g) Any other pertinent information

requested by the ATC facility.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390, 73 FR 73781, Dec. 4,

2008, as amended at Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390,

74 FR 31843, July 6, 2009]

§ 101.29 Information requirements.

(a) Class 2—High-Power Rockets. When a Class 2—High-Power Rocket requires a certificate of waiver or authorization, the person planning the operation must provide the information below on each type of rocket to the FAA at least 45 days before the proposed operation. The FAA may request additional information if necessary to ensure the proposed operations can be safely conducted. The information shall include for each type of Class 2 rocket expected to be flown:

(1) Estimated number of rockets, (2) Type of propulsion (liquid or

solid), fuel(s) and oxidizer(s), (3) Description of the launcher(s)

planned to be used, including any airborne platform(s),

(4) Description of recovery system, (5) Highest altitude, above ground

level, expected to be reached, (6) Launch site latitude, longitude,

and elevation, and (7) Any additional safety procedures

that will be followed. (b) Class 3—Advanced High-Power

Rockets. When a Class 3—Advanced High-Power Rocket requires a certificate of waiver or authorization the person planning the operation must provide the information below for each

127

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 101.35

type of rocket to the FAA at least 45 days before the proposed operation. The FAA may request additional information if necessary to ensure the proposed operations can be safely conducted. The information shall include for each type of Class 3 rocket expected to be flown:

(1) The information requirements of paragraph (a) of this section,

(2) Maximum possible range,

(3) The dynamic stability characteristics for the entire flight profile,

(4) A description of all major rocket

systems, including structural, pneu- matic, propellant, propulsion, ignition, electrical, avionics, recovery, wind- weighting, flight control, and tracking,

(5) A description of other support equipment necessary for a safe operation,

(6) The planned flight profile and se-

quence of events, (7) All nominal impact areas, includ-

ing those for any spent motors and other discarded hardware, within three standard deviations of the mean impact point,

(8) Launch commit criteria,

(9) Countdown procedures, and (10) Mishap procedures.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390, 73 FR 73781, Dec. 4,

2008, as amended at Doc. No. FAA–2007–27390,

74 FR 31843, July 6, 2009]

Subpart D—Unmanned Free

Balloons

SOURCE: Docket No. 1457, 29 FR 47, Jan. 3,

1964, unless otherwise noted.

§ 101.31 Applicability.

This subpart applies to the operation of unmanned free balloons. However, a person operating an unmanned free balloon within a restricted area must comply only with § 101.33 (d) and (e) and with any additional limitations that are imposed by the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.

§ 101.33 Operating limitations.

No person may operate an unmanned free balloon—

(a) Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, below 2,000 feet above the surface within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class

D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport;

(b) At any altitude where there are clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than five-tenths coverage;

(c) At any altitude below 60,000 feet standard pressure altitude where the horizontal visibility is less than five miles;

(d) During the first 1,000 feet of ascent, over a congested area of a city, town, or settlement or an open-air assembly of persons not associated with the operation; or

(e) In such a manner that impact of the balloon, or part thereof including its payload, with the surface creates a hazard to persons or property not associated with the operation.

[Doc. No. 1457, 29 FR 47, Jan. 3, 1964, as

amended by Amdt. 101–5, 56 FR 65662, Dec. 17,

1991] § 101.35 Equipment and marking re-

quirements.

(a) No person may operate an unmanned free balloon unless—

(1) It is equipped with at least two payload cut-down systems or devices

that operate independently of each other;

(2) At least two methods, systems, devices, or combinations thereof, that

function independently of each other, are employed for terminating the flight of the balloon envelope; and

(3) The balloon envelope is equipped with a radar reflective device(s) or ma-

terial that will present an echo to surface radar operating in the 200 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency range.

The operator shall activate the appro-

priate devices required by paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section when weather conditions are less than those prescribed for operation under this subpart, or if a malfunction or any other reason makes the further operation hazardous to other air traffic or to persons and property on the surface.

(b) No person may operate an unmanned free balloon below 60,000 feet

standard pressure altitude between sunset and sunrise (as corrected to the altitude of operation) unless the balloon and its attachments and payload, whether or not they become separated during the operation, are equipped with lights that are visible for at least 5

128

Appendix I: Code of Federal Regulation 27 Part 55: Commerce in Explosives

ATF Explosives Rulings and Procedures

The following are digests of ATF

determinations regarding explosive matters

which are of special significance to Federal

explosives licensees and permittees and to ATF

personnel. The full text of each of these

determinations can be found in the ATF

Cumulative Bulletin (1973-1978), and is cited by

year, “CB”, and page number at the end of each

item. On August 7, 1981, Part 181 of Title 27, CFR

was redesignated as Part 55. The ATF rulings

and procedures issued prior to August 1981 and

still in effect are presented here with current Part 55 regulation citations and the current titles of

ATF personnel.

Table of Contents

1. ATF Procedure 75-4: Descriptions of

Explosives Storage Facilities

2. ATF Ruling 75-20: Meaning of Terms, “Inhabited Building”

3. ATF Ruling 75-21: Construction of Storage

Facilities by the Department of Defense—

Concrete Floors 4. ATF Ruling 75-31: Meaning of Terms,

“Engaged in the Business”

5. ATF Ruling 75-35: Identification of Explosive Materials

6. ATF Ruling 76-4: Meaning of Terms, “State of Residence”

7. ATF Ruling 76-10: One Sale with Multiple

Deliveries

8. ATF Ruling 76-18: Alternate Magazine Construction Standards

9. ATF Ruling 77-24: Storage of Electric Blasting Caps with Other Explosive

Materials

1. 27 CFR 55.41: LICENSES AND

PERMITS—GENERAL

Requirements for descriptions of

explosives storage facilities.

ATF Proc. 75-4

This procedure (which was incorporated in

Industry Circular 75-10; effective November 1, 1975) revised requirements for descriptions of

explosives storage facilities that must be filed by

applicants intending to store explosive materials.

The Director, ATF, determined that this

additional descriptive information was and is

required in order to ensure compliance with the

law and regulations. Accordingly, Forms 4705

and 4707 (now ATF F 5400.13/5400.16,

“Application for License or Permit”) were

revised. Following is the text of the Procedure, as

amended: Secs. 3 & 4. Licenses and Permits. A person

intending to engage in business as an importer,

manufacturer or dealer in explosive materials, or

who is intending to acquire, transport, ship,

import or receive explosive materials in

interstate or foreign commerce for his own use

and not for resale, shall complete ATF F

5400.13/5400.16, “Application For License or

Permit,” in accordance with the instructions on

the form, and forward the form with the license

or permit fee to the office specified on the form.

If approved, the Chief, National Licensing Center

will issue a license or permit to the applicant. At

the time of renewal of a license or permit, the

Chief, National Licensing Center may require the

filing of a new or amended application, or

additional descriptive pages, to be attached to

the application upon a determination that the

currently approved application is inaccurate or

does not fully describe the storage facilities. If

the application is denied, the applicant will be

advised in writing of the reasons for the denial. Sec. 5. Storage.

.01 If explosive materials are to be stored, the

requirements of 27 CFR Part 55, Subpart K—

Storage, must be complied with before the

application will be approved. An applicant for a

license or permit who intends to store explosive

materials shall fully describe the intended

storage facilities to support the applicant’s

affirmation that the storage facilities meet the

requirements set forth in 27 CFR Part 55,

Subpart K—Storage.

.02 The description should, as a minimum,

include the following information: (a) The type of magazine (building, igloo,

tunnel, portable box, portable trailer, etc.).

(b) The location and distance from applicant’s

place of business. (c) The distance to the next nearest storage

magazine. (d) A description of significant terrain features

and physical structures, such as buildings,

129

roads, utilities and other facilities which

could be damaged if the magazine

exploded. Indicate the distance between

the magazine and the feature.

(e) The materials (including dimensions and

thicknesses) used for the structure (e.g.,

concrete, corrugated iron over wood,

plywood, tin and earth, etc.).

(f) The security, physical safeguards, locks, safety equipment, and anti-theft

measures. (g) The dimensions and capacity of each

magazine.

(h) The class of explosive materials to be

stored in each magazine. (i) The owner(s) of the magazine, if other

than the applicant. (j) The names and telephone numbers of

individuals who could open the magazines

for inspection by ATF officers. (k) Any special conditions, such as

inaccessibility in winter, etc.

(l) [ADDENDUM] A diagram of the premises,

providing much of the required descriptive

information set out above (preparation by

an engineer is not required). [75 CB 79]

2. 27 CFR 55.11: MEANING OF TERMS (Also § 55.206)

An office or repair shop used in connection

with the manufacture, etc. of explosive

materials is not an “inhabited building.”

ATF Rul. 75-20

ATF has held that a building, such as an office

or repair shop, which is a part of the premises of

an explosives manufacturer and is used in

connection with the manufacture, transportation,

storage, or use of explosive materials, is not an

“inhabited building.”

Section 55.11 of 27 CFR defines inhabited

building as “any building regularly occupied in

whole or in part as a habitation for human

beings, or any church, schoolhouse, railroad

station, store, or other structure where people

are accustomed to assemble, except any

building occupied in connection with the

manufacture, transportation, storage, or use of

explosive materials.”

Regulations in 27 CFR §§ 55.206 and 55.218

set forth provisions concerning the location of storage facilities and the minimum distances

such storage facilities may be located from,

among other things, “inhabited buildings.” These provisions are intended to provide

protection to persons who inhabit buildings

located near premises where explosives are

manufactured, stored, etc. However, it is the

intent of § 55.11 to exempt buildings used by the

explosives industry in connection with the

manufacture, transportation, storage, or use of

explosive materials from the table of distance

requirements on “inhabited buildings.” [75 CB

64]

3. 27 CFR 55.207: CONSTRUCTION OF

TYPE 1 MAGAZINES

(Also § 55.210)

Certain explosives storage facilities

meeting standards of construction

prescribed by the Department of Defense

Explosives Safety Board for such storage are

approved by the Bureau.

ATF Rul. 75-21

ATF has held that explosives storage facilities

with smooth-finished concrete floors that were

constructed under contract for the use of the

Department of Defense (DOD) and that are

presently being leased to licensees and

permittees for the storage of commercial

explosives are considered to be in compliance

with the requirements for nonsparking floors, as

set forth in 27 CFR §§ 55.207(a)(4), 55.207(b),

and 55.210, for the storage of all types of fully

packaged explosives, pyrotechnics and

propellants, with the exception of black powder.

Any other such magazines which have smooth finished concrete floors and which meet or

exceed DOD construction specifications will also

be considered to be in compliance with the

requirements of Part 55 with respect to

nonsparking floors. It is the responsibility of the licensee or

permittee to provide verification that such

facilities were manufactured under DOD

specifications or that the facilities meet or

exceed such specification standards.

If the Division Director determines that the

concrete floors of type 1 or type 4 magazines do

not meet the preceding requirements, he will require such floors to be covered with a

nonsparking material, such as epoxy paint or

mastic. [75 CB 67]

130

4. 27 CFR 55.41: LICENSES AND

PERMITS—GENERAL

Certain companies that manufacture

explosive materials for use in their own

operations are required to obtain licenses as

manufacturers of explosive materials.

ATF Rul. 75-31

ATF has held that companies, such as public

utility companies engaged in line and facility

construction, which manufacture explosives on a

regular or continual basis are considered to be

engaged in the business of manufacturing

explosive materials and must be appropriately

licensed as required by 18 U.S.C. 842.

The term “manufacturer” is defined in 18

U.S.C. 841(h) as “any person engaged in the

business of manufacturing explosive materials

for purposes of sale or distribution or for his own

use.”

Although the term “engaged in the business” is not susceptible to a rigid definition within 18

U.S.C. §§ 841-848, it is interpreted to imply an

element of continuity or habitual practice; an

element clearly present in the operations of

companies described herein. Therefore, these companies are considered to

be “engaged in the business” and must be

licensed as explosives manufacturers. [75 CB 65]

5. 27 CFR 55.109: IDENTIFICATION OF

EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

Methods of marking containers of

explosive materials are prescribed.

ATF Rul. 75-35

ATF has held that any method or combination

of methods for affixing the required marks to the

immediate container of explosive materials, or

outside container used in the packaging thereof,

is authorized provided the identifying marks: (1) Are legible

(2) Show all required information; and, (3) Are not rendered indecipherable by

extended periods of storage.

Where it is desired to utilize a coding system

and to omit printed markings on the container, a

letterhead application displaying the coding to

be used and the manner of its application shall

be filed with and approved by the Director, ATF,

prior to the use of the proposed coding. Further,

where a manufacturer operates his plant for only

one shift during the day, the shift of manufacture

need not be shown. It was found that liquid components of

explosive materials stored for a period of time in

polyethylene or other soft containers would seep

through the container walls, tending to render

illegible the inked, identifying marks on the

container. A manufacturer’s proposal [subsequently

approved] of using a system of perforated

numbers and code symbols (similar to that used

on cancelled checks) to mark containers in

addition to other identifying marks stamped in

ink, was determined to continue to provide the

identification required by 27 CFR 55.109, even if

the ink later became illegible. [75 CB 65]

6. 27 CFR 55.11: MEANING OF TERMS—

STATE OF RESIDENCE

“State of residence” of business entities

who use explosive materials; distribution of

explosive materials by licensees to out-of-

State business entities other than licensees

and permittees; and distribution to

nonresident employees of such entities are

discussed.

ATF Rul. 76-4

ATF was asked to interpret the term “State of

residence” (in § 55.11) as it:

(1) Pertains to the distribution of explosive

materials to out-of-State corporations and other

business entities other than licensees and

permittees; and

(2) Relates to the distribution of explosive

materials to nonresident employees of such business entities.

The Business Entity

If a person is a corporation or other business

entity, “State of residence” means the State in

which such corporation or other business entity

maintains a “place of business.” A business

entity establishing another “place of business” or

“job site” in another State would acquire a “State

of residence” in that State as well. This means

that a company engaged in construction work

would acquire a residence in each State wherein

its work is performed. Its place of business in

131

those States would be the job sites at which

business is carried on. It would not be essential

to a determination of its State of residence that a

branch office be maintained in, or administrative

work be performed in, the States where job sites

are located.

Such a company would not need a permit to

acquire explosive materials from a licensee in a State for use at job sites located therein. Form

5400.4, “Explosives Transaction Record,” would

show the out-of-State addresses of the business

entity as the principal place of business, and the

location of the job site as the local place of

business.

Nonresident Employees

The purpose of the data requested on Form 5400.4 is to identify the person authorized by the

business entity to make the purchase of

explosive materials on the entity’s behalf and to

assure the distributor that such person appears

on the required certified list of names of

representatives or agents authorized by the

business entity to acquire the materials.

Regulations (27 CFR § 55.105(e)), implementing

Title 18 U.S.C. 842(f), in part, provide that each

business entity acquiring explosive materials

shall furnish the distributing licensed dealer with

a current, certified list of the names of

representatives or agents authorized to acquire

explosive materials on behalf of such business

entity. The purpose of the data requested on

Form 5400.8, “Explosives Delivery Record,” is to

identify the employee of the business entity or

the employee of a carrier accepting delivery of

explosive materials on behalf of the distributee

at the distributor’s business premises.

Therefore:

In the case of business entities, the

information required on ATF Forms 5400.4 and 5400.8 with respect to employees or agents

arranging for the distribution is not for the

purpose of establishing the residence of such

persons but only for identification purposes. [76 CB 104]

7. 27 CFR 55.126: EXPLOSIVES

TRANSACTION RECORD

Under certain conditions, a single Form

5400.4 may be used to cover a series of

deliveries.

ATF Rul. 76-10

Under the provisions of 27 CFR § 55.126, a

sale or other distribution by a licensee or

permittee shall not be made to a nonlicensee or

nonpermittee unless the transaction is recorded

on a Form 5400.4. Under certain conditions, a

single Form 5400.4 may be used to cover a

series of deliveries.

When an initial sale has been consummated,

with partial deliveries to be made in the

immediate future, the requirements of § 55.126

will have been satisfied if the following steps are

taken:

(1) Form 5400.4 shall be executed at the time the sale is initially made, although delivery

of the explosive material is extended over

a period of time not to exceed 30 days. (2) The executed Form 5400.4 shall

subsequently be noted to accurately

reflect the date of each separate delivery

and describe each separate lot of

explosive materials delivered. (3) In lieu of showing the separate deliveries

on the Form 5400.4, the proprietor may

attach to the executed form a copy of the

delivery record or a copy of the bill of

lading or commercial invoice covering

each delivery; provided that, as to each

such delivery, the attachment contains the

date of the delivery and all the information

required by Item 21 of Form 5400.4.

(4) All other regulatory requirements and instructions relating to the completion of

the form must be complied with. [76 CB 105]

8. 27 CFR 55.207: CONSTRUCTION OF

TYPE 1 STORAGE FACILITIES

(Also § 55.208)

Alternate construction standards for

storage facilities for explosive materials are

prescribed.

ATF Rul. 76-18

Section 842(j) of 18 U.S.C. states: “It shall be

unlawful for any person to store any explosive

material in a manner not in conformity with

regulations promulgated by the Secretary. In

promulgating such regulations, the Secretary

shall take into consideration the class, type, and

quantity of explosive materials to be stored, as

132

well as the standards of safety and security

recognized in the explosives industry.” The regulations in 27 CFR §§ 55.207 and

55.208 prescribe types of storage facilities for

explosive materials and provide (among other

things) that such storage facilities shall be bullet-

resistant. Section 55.201(b) provides that

alternate storage facilities may be authorized for

the storage of explosive materials when it is

shown that such alternate facilities are or will be

constructed in a manner substantially equivalent

to the standards of construction contained in the

applicable regulations.

The term “bullet-resistant” means resistant to

penetration of a bullet of 150 grain M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of

2700 feet per second fired from a .30 caliber rifle

from a distance of 100 feet perpendicular to the wall or door.

It has been determined that a wide range of

construction criteria meet the bullet-resistant

requirements of regulations for construction of

storage facilities for explosive materials.

In order to promote standards of safety and security in the storage of explosive materials

while allowing the industry a wide latitude in the

selection of construction materials, it is held that

storage facilities (magazines) that are

constructed according to the following minimum

specifications are bullet-resistant and meet the

requirements of the regulations as set forth in 27

CFR Part 55 (All steel and wood dimensions are

actual thicknesses. To meet the concrete block

and brick dimensions indicated, the

manufacturers’ represented thicknesses may be

used). (a) Exterior of 5/8 inch steel, lined with an

interior of any type of nonsparking material.

(b) Exterior of 1/2 inch steel, lined with an

interior of not less than 3/8 inch plywood. (c) Exterior of 3/8 inch steel, lined with an

interior of two inches of hardwood.

(d) Exterior of 3/8 inch steel, lined with an

interior of three inches of softwood or 2 1/4 inches of plywood.

(e) Exterior of 1/4 inch steel, lined with an

interior of three inches of hardwood. (f) Exterior of 1/4 inch steel, lined with an

interior of five inches of softwood or 5 1/4

inches of plywood. (g) Exterior of 1/4 inch steel, lined with an

intermediate layer of two inches of

hardwood and an interior lining of 1 1/2 inches of plywood.

(h) Exterior of 3/16 inch steel, lined with an

interior of four inches of hardwood. (i) Exterior of 3/16 inch steel, lined with an

interior of seven inches of softwood or 6

3/4 inches of plywood. (j) Exterior of 3/16 inch steel, lined with an

intermediate layer of three inches of

hardwood and an interior lining of 3/4 inch

of plywood. (k) Exterior of 1/8 inch steel, lined with an

interior of five inches of hardwood. (l) Exterior of 1/8 inch steel, lined with an

interior of nine inches of softwood.

(m) Exterior of 1/8 inch steel, lined with an

intermediate layer of four inches of

hardwood and an interior lining of 3/4 inch

plywood. (n) Exterior of any type of fire-resistant

material which is structurally sound, lined

with an intermediate layer of four inches of

solid concrete block, OR four inches of

solid brick OR four inches of solid

concrete; AND, an interior lining of 1/2

inch plywood placed securely against the

masonry lining.

(o) Standard eight inch concrete block with

voids filled with well-tamped sand/cement

mixture.

(p) Standard eight inch solid brick. (q) Exterior of any type of fire-resistant

material which is structurally sound, lined

with an intermediate six inch space filled

with well-tamped dry sand or well-tamped

sand/cement mixture.

(r) Exterior of 1/8 inch steel, lined with a first

intermediate layer of 3/4 inch plywood, a

second intermediate layer of 3 5/8 inches

of well-tamped dry sand or sand/cement

mixture and an interior lining of 3/4 inch

plywood.

(s) Exterior of any type of fire-resistant

material, lined with a first intermediate

layer of 3/4 inch plywood, a second

intermediate layer of 3 5/8 inches well-

tamped dry sand or sand/cement mixture,

a third intermediate layer of 3/4 inch

plywood, and a fourth intermediate layer of

two inches of hardwood OR 14 gauge

steel AND an interior lining of 3/4 inch

plywood. (t) Eight inch thick solid concrete. [76 CB

106]

9. 27 CFR 55.213: QUANTITY AND

STORAGE RESTRICTIONS

133

(Also § 55.208)

Alternate magazine construction standards

for storage of electric blasting caps with

other explosive materials are prescribed.

ATF Rul. 77-24

Section 842(j) of 18 U.S.C. states: “It shall be

unlawful for any person to store any explosive

material in a manner not in conformity with

regulations promulgated by the Secretary. In

promulgating such regulations, the Secretary

shall take into consideration the class, type, and

quantity of explosive materials to be stored, as

well as the standards of safety and security

recognized in the explosives industry.”

The regulations in 27 CFR § 55.213 restrict the storage of blasting caps with other explosive

materials. Section 55.201(b) provides that

alternate storage magazines may be authorized

for the storage of explosive materials when it is

shown that such alternate magazines are or will

be constructed in a manner substantially

equivalent to the standards of construction

contained in the applicable regulations.

ATF recognizes that the transportation and storage of explosive materials in the same

vehicle along with electric blasting caps is often

desired. The Institute of Makers of Explosives

established a recommended standard for such

transport in their Safety Library Publication No. 22, dated November 5, 1971 [revised January 1985]. This standard prescribes the minimum

construction criteria for: (a) A container securely attached—

(1) Above the cab of the vehicle (see

Figure 1, Appendix A), and (2) To the vehicle frame under the cargo

space (see Figure 2, Appendix A), or

(b) A built-in compartment in the cargo space

of the vehicle (see Appendix B).

In addition to motorized vehicles,

consideration was also given for the use of

similar criteria on portable wheeled trailers being

used as magazines under § 55.208(a) of the

regulations (see Appendix E). In order to insure standards of safety and

security in the storage of explosive materials

while allowing the industry a proper latitude in

the construction of magazines, it is held that

vehicles used for transporting and for storing

explosive materials that are constructed in

conformity with the standards listed below, and

in compliance with all other safety and security

provisions contained in Part 55 (e.g., effectively

immobilized when unattended) will meet the

requirements of ATF regulations. Even though constructed on the same vehicle,

each compartment will be considered as a

separate magazine. The two magazines on the

vehicle will, however, be considered as one

magazine when applying the American Table of

Distances [see Table at § 55.218].

Construction Standards For Storage of

Electric Blasting Caps (Non Mass- Detonating)

a. The container or compartment must provide

for total enclosure of the electric blasting caps.

b. The partition between the explosives

storage compartment and the electric

blasting cap compartment must be of

laminate construction consisting of A/C

grade or better exterior plywood, gypsum

board [sheetrock] and low carbon steel

plates. In order of arrangement, the

laminate must conform to the following, with

minimum thickness of each lamination as

indicated: 1/2 inch plywood

1/2 inch gypsum board [sheetrock],

1/8 inch low carbon steel, and,

1/4 inch plywood, with the 1/4 inch plywood facing the

explosives storage compartment. See

Appendix C for details of laminate

construction. The door to the electric

blasting cap compartment must be of metal

construction or solid wood covered with

metal; the outside walls and top must be of

the same construction as the rest of the

vehicle or trailer. If high explosives or bullet

sensitive explosive materials are stored in

the vehicle, then the storage compartment of

the vehicle must be constructed so as to be

bullet-resistant.

c. As an alternative to the construction

requirements shown in paragraph b, a

container for use only as illustrated in

Appendix A may be used when constructed

as follows: 1. The top, lid or door, and the sides and

bottom of each container must be of laminate construction consisting of A/C

grade or better exterior plywood, solid

hardwood, gypsum board [sheetrock], and

sheet metal. In order of arrangement, the

laminate must conform to the following,

134

with minimum thickness of each

lamination as indicated: 1/4 inch plywood,

1 inch solid hardwood,

1/2 inch plywood, 1/2 inch gypsum board [sheetrock]

(OR 1/4 inch particle bo ard), and

22 gauge sheet metal, constructed inside to outside in that

order. See Appendix D for details of

laminate construction. 2. The hardwood must be fastened together with wood screws, the 1/2 inch

plywood must be fastened to the

hardwood with wood screws, the inner 1/4

inch plywood must be fastened to the

hardwood with adhesive, and the 22

gauge sheet metal must be attached to

the exterior of the container with screws.

d. The laminate composite material must be

securely bound together by waterproof adhesive or other equally effective means.

e. The steel plates at the joints of laminations

must be secured by continuous fillet welds. f. All interior surfaces of the container or

compartment must be constructed so as to

prevent contact of contents with any

sparking metal. g. There must be direct access to the container

or into a compartment from outside the

vehicle. h. Each container or compartment must have a

snug fitting continuous piano-type

hinged lid or door equipped with a locking

device (or devices).

i. Without permitting direct access to contents

under normal conditions, the locking or

hinging mechanisms must permit at least

one edge of the lid or door to rise or move outward at least 1/2 inch when subjected to

internal pressure.

j. The exterior of the container or compartment

must be weather-resistant. [77 CB 191]

135

APPENDIX A APPENDIXB

PERMANENTLY MOUNTED CONTAINERS COMPARTMENTS

0

0

0 0 R.

Figure 1

0

REAR DOOR(S)

0> (X)

F gure 1

F gure 2

NOTE: The configurations shown in Figures

1 and 2 are equally applicable to

multi-axle and •cab-over• vehicles.

CAPS

NOTE: The configurations shown In Figures

1 and 2 are equally applicable to

multi-axle and •cab-over• vehicles.

REAR DOOR(S)

REAR DOOR(S)

(Diagrams: Courtesy of IME;] [Diagrams: Courtesy of IME}

ATF Rul. 77-24, Appendix A and 8

-.....) 0)

136

i ,.

APPENDIXC APPJ;NDIX E

PORTABLE WHEELED TRAILERS

INSIDE

112' PLvm?0D ---V'

(NCgradeor

better, exterior)

114' PLYliKJOD

(AIC grade or

better, exterior)

OUTSIDE

1/8' LOW CARBON STEEL 112' SHEETROCK

Cap Storage

Sketch of laminate construction for contain

er or compartment for electric blasting caps

use, as illustrated In Appendix A. B, and E.

APPENDIXD

Figure 1

Cap Storage

Figure 3

;::.. ':"J- 22 GAUGE SHEET METAL

INSIDE OUTSIDE

: . · ··' "l '&--- 1/2' SHEETROCK or

114' PAFmCLE BOARD

t -! 112' PLY11MJ0D

----

114'PLYVIIOOD I i ...:.: :

1:.:.-= 1IT HARDWOOD

Sketch of laminate construction for contain

er or compartment for electric blasting caps;

restricted to use as illustrated in Appendix A.

[Diagrams: Courtesy of /ME]

Figure 2 Figure 4

0> <D

ATF Rul. 77-24, Appendix C- E

-.....) ()1

137

Appendix J: Lab Safety http://www.tarleton.edu/safety/index.html

TARLETON STATE UNIVERSITY

LABORATORY SAFETY PROGRAM

Office of Risk Management and Safety

August 2009

0

138

1. GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES

Because laboratories involve numerous chemicals, procedures, and operations, they

require extensive safety precautions. Laboratory safety involves chemical safety, fire

safety, electrical safety, hazardous waste, and other safety issues. Follow the guidelines in

this program for general laboratory safety, but refer to other programs for specific

information. This section discusses the following:

a. Common laboratory hazards

b. Controlling laboratory risks

c. Safe laboratory practices

d. Equipment safety

a. Common Laboratory Hazards

Examples of common hazards include the following:

i. Chemical hazards: Toxins, corrosives, flammables, and reactives

ii. Biological hazards: Microbes, animals, plants, and genetically

modified agents

iii. Radiation hazards: Ionizing and nonionizing radiation

iv. Physical hazards: Heating devices, noise, projectiles, fire, cold, etc.

v. Electrical hazards: Fire and shock

vi. Mechanical hazards: Moving machinery

vii. Airborne hazardous materials: Vapors, dust, etc.

viii. Ergonomic factors: Standing, repetitive motion

b. Controlling Laboratory Risks

Safety conscious workers using good laboratory practices are the most

important component of laboratory safety. The following factors are

important for safe laboratory operations:

i. Adequate facilities must have:

a) Proper ventilation

b) Nonslip surfaces

c) Hand washing facilities

ii. Available and appropriate safety equipment:

a) Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coat,

etc.)

b) Laboratory equipment

c) Safety devices on laboratory equipment, machines, devices,

and instruments

iii. Appropriate emergency equipment: a) Fire extinguishers

b) Emergency showers

c) Eye wash stations

iv. Appropriate procedures:

a) Good housekeeping

b) Personal hygiene (proper hand washing, etc.)

139

v. Knowledgeable workers:

a) Experienced

b) Properly trained and retrained as needed

Properly trained and experienced workers have the greatest ability to

control laboratory risks. By using good laboratory practices and training,

workers can minimize hazards, exposure, contamination, and workplace

accidents.

c. Safe Laboratory Practices

To ensure laboratory safety, follow safe laboratory practices, including the

following:

Know the chemicals and hazards in your laboratory.

Know what to do an emergency situation.

Know how to read and interpret MSDSs.

Wear personal protective equipment, as appropriate.

Follow safe practices for working with chemicals.

Ice from a laboratory ice machine is not for human consumption.

Designate microwave ovens and other heating devices exclusively

for food or laboratory operations, not both. Ensure ovens are

clearly labeled to indicate their function.

Do not wear contact lenses around chemicals, fumes, dust particles, or other hazardous materials.

Protect unattended operations from utility failures and other potential problems that could lead to overheating or other hazardous events.

Avoid working alone in a laboratory.

Avoid producing aerosols.

Use extreme care when working with needles, blades, and glass.

Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products in the laboratory.

Never make contact with a pipet using your mouth.

Clean contaminated equipment and spills immediately.

In the event of a mercury spill, avoid contaminating equipment. Clean mercury spills immediately with an appropriate spill kit.

Do not allow children in the laboratory. It is a violation of state law

for a child to be unattended in a place that presents a risk of harm.

Keep laboratory doors closed.

Decontaminate all affected equipment after use.

Avoid using dry ice in enclosed areas. (Dry ice can produce

elevated carbon dioxide levels.)

Dry ice mixed with isopropanol or ethanol may cause frost bite.

Hallways, corridors, and exit ways must be kept clear. Do not

relocate (even temporarily) laboratory equipment to these areas.

140

Never underestimate the hazards associated with a laboratory. If

you are unsure about what you are doing, get assistance.

141

d. Equipment Safety There are four fundamental elements of equipment safety:

i. Use the correct equipment

ii. Know how to operate the equipment

iii. Inspect the equipment regularly

iv. Use the equipment properly

Use equipment for its intended purpose only. Do not modify equipment without

guidance from the equipment manufacturer or the Office of Risk Management

and Safety (RMS). Do NOT remove or override equipment safety devices.

Working in a laboratory requires various types of equipment. To ensure

equipment safety, you must be familiar with:

a. Equipment operation

b. Applicable safeguards c. Maintenance requirements

Always inspect equipment to ensure it meets the following requirements before

use:

a. Controls and safeguards are adequate and functional.

b. Location is safe (and well-ventilated, if necessary).

c. Equipment works properly.

IMPORTANT: Disconnect any equipment that is unsafe or does not work

properly, and remove it from service. Notify others of the problem and have the

equipment repaired or replaced.

Refer to other sections in this document for specific information on operating

laboratory equipment, such as fume hoods, heating devices, vacuums, etc.

2. AEROSOL PRODUCTION

The term "aerosol" refers to the physical state of liquid or solid particles suspended in the

air. Aerosols containing infectious agents and hazardous materials can pose a serious risk

because:

a. Small aerosol particles can readily penetrate and remain deep in the respiratory

tract, if inhaled.

b. Aerosols may remain suspended in the air for long periods of time.

c. Aerosol particles can easily contaminate equipment, ventilation systems, and

human skinch

The following equipment may produce aerosols: centrifuges, blenders, shakers, magnetic

stirrers, sonicators, pipets, vortex mixers, syringes and needles, vacuum-sealed ampoules,

grinders, mortar and pestles, test tubes, culture tubes, and heated-inoculating loop

funnels.

142

3. Follo w these guidelines to eliminate or reduce the hazards associated with aerosols:

a. Conduct procedures that may produce aerosols in a biological safety cabinet or a

chemical fume hood.

b. Keep the stoppers inside tube when in a vortex or centrifuge.

c. Allow aerosols to settle for one to five minutes before opening a centrifuge,

blender, or tube.

d. Place a cloth soaked with disinfectant over the work surface to kill any

biohazardous agents.

e. Slowly reconstitute or dilute the contents of an ampoule.

f. When combining liquids, discharge the secondary material down the side of the

container or as close to the surface of the primary liquid as possible.

g. Avoid splattering by allowing inoculating loops or needles to cool before

touching biological specimens.

h. Use a mechanical pipetting device.

4. ANIMALS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

a. Animals and Toxic Chemicals

Any research or instructional use of hazardous materials in live animals requires

the submission of an Animal Use Protocol to the appropriate Dean and

Department Head. The Protocol must be fully approved and RMS advised before

any researcher may acquire, house, or use animals.

IMPORTANT: With the increasing prevalence of animal testing, there comes a

greater need to protect researchers. Consider both the direct hazards associated

with research animals and the hazardous metabolic byproducts produced by

research animals.

Animal research or testing with toxic chemicals (including known or suspected

carcinogens) may produce aerosols, dusts, or metabolic byproducts that contain

toxicants. The animal bedding, equipment, and surrounding atmosphere may

become contaminated.

When working with research animals and toxic chemicals always wear gloves and

button your laboratory coat. If aerosol production cannot be controlled, use a

respirator. Follow all instructions outlined in the approved Animal Use Protocol

for handling these agents.

A respirator with a HEPA filter will protect you from airborne particulates, but it

will not protect you from chemical vapors. Wetting animal bedding before

cleanup will help reduce aerosols.

b. Animals and Infectious Agents

Personnel performing animal research with infectious agents or working with

animals that carry potential zoonoses must utilize isolation procedures. The extent

143

of isolation must be appropriate for the infection risk. All work with these agents

and animals that could shed these agents must be approved by the appropriate

Dean and Department Head. Examples of zoonotic diseases that pose a hazard to

humans include the following:

Brucellosis

Salmonellosis

Shigellosis

Pasteurellosis

Tularemia

Tuberculosis

Ringworm

Herpes B-virus

Rabies

Viral hepatitis

Q Fever

Conduct work with infectious agents according to good laboratory procedures and

containment practices. For information on proper disposal methods, refer to the

Biological Safety Program.

c. Animals and Recombinant Genetic Materials

Animal research with recombinant DNA (rDNA) must be conducted in

accordance with NIH guidelines and Tarleton State University requirements.

Because containment and disposition is a critical concern, all experiments

involving rDNA or genetically altered animals (including recombinants,

transgenics, and mosaics) must receive prior approval from RMS. The use of

radioactive materials in animals must be first approved by RMS. Permits to use

radioisotopes must be acquired through RMS.

d. Mechanical Injury Hazards

Mechanical injury is the most common hazard associated with animal research.

Animals are capable of inflicting extensive injury to humans. Most research

animals can bite or scratch. Livestock, large animals, and primates can bite,

batter, or crush. Because disease and infection are easily spread by bites and

scratches, researchers must take special care when working with animals.

e. Animal Allergies

Researchers who work with animals may develop allergic reactions, including

rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and dermatitis. Symptoms of animal allergy may

include nasal congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, hives, and eczema.

Rabbits and rodents are the most common research animals that cause severe

allergic reactions. Animal dander, fur, bedding, urine, saliva, and tissues are the

primary sources of allergic antigens. Mold spores and proteins in animal feed may

also act as antigens.

144

To reduce exposure to animal allergens, minimize the generation of aerosols and

dust and wear protective equipment. Take special care to wear respiratory

protection and gloves when feeding animals, handling animals, changing

bedding, or cleaning cages.

f. Indirect Animal Hazards

Indirect hazards occur when research animals are intentionally exposed to

biological agents, chemicals, and radioactive materials. Because animal bedding,

equipment, waste products, and surrounding atmosphere may become

contaminated, these items can be hazardous. To protect personnel, manage all

animal products and areas according to specific procedures approved by the

appropriate oversight committee.

Refer to the Agriculture Safety Program for more information pertaining to the

safe handling of livestock.

5. CENTRIFUGES

Centrifuging presents the possibility of two serious hazards: mechanical failure and

aerosols. The most common hazard associated with centrifuging is a broken tube. To

ensure safety when operating a centrifuge, take precautions to ensure the following:

a. Proper loading (accurate balancing)

b. Safe operating speeds (do not exceed manufacturer recommendations)

c. Safe stopping

d. Complete removal of materials

e. Proper cleanup

Follow these guidelines when working with a centrifuge:

a. When loading the rotor, examine tubes for signs of stress, and discard tubes that

are damaged.

b. Inspect the inside of each tube cavity. Remove any glass or other debris from the

rubber cushion.

c. Ensure the centrifuge has adequate shielding to guard against accidental flyaways.

d. Use a centrifuge only if it has a disconnect switch that deactivates the rotor when

the lid is open.

e. Do not overfill a centrifuge tube to the point where the rim, cap, or cotton plug

becomes wet.

f. Always keep the lid closed during operation and shut down. Do not open the lid

until the rotor is completely stopped.

g. Do not break the head rotation by hand. h. Do not use aluminum foil to cap a centrifuge tube. Foil may rupture or detach.

i. When balancing the rotors, consider the tubes, buckets, adapters, inserts, and any

added solution.

j. Stop the rotor and discontinue operation if you notice anything abnormal such as

noise or vibration.

145

k. Rotor heads, buckets, adapters, tubes, and plastic inserts must match.

146

Low-speed and small portable centrifuges that do not have aerosol-tight chambers may allow aerosols to escape. Use a safety bucket to prevent aerosols from escaping. High-

speed centrifuges pose additional hazards due to the higher stress and force applied to

their rotors and tubes. In addition to the safety guidelines outlined above, follow these

guidelines for high-speed centrifuges:

i. Filter the air exhausted from the vacuum lines.

ii. Keep a record of rotor usage, in order to avoid the hazard of metal fatigue.

iii. Frequently inspect, clean, and dry rotors to prevent corrosion or other

damage.

iv. Follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions.

6. COMPRESSED GASES

Compressed gases in the laboratory present chemical and physical hazards. If compressed

gases are accidentally released, they may cause the following:

a. Depleted oxygen atmosphere

b. Fire

c. Adverse health effects

Cylinders that are knocked over or dropped can be very dangerous and can cause serious

injuries. If a valve is knocked off a compressed gas cylinder, the cylinder can become a

lethal projectile. Because disposal of compressed gas cylinders is difficult and expensive,

be sure to arrange a return agreement with suppliers prior to purchase.

Cylinders can travel through walls much like a torpedo travels through water. They can

cause structural damage, severe injury, and death. Follow these guidelines to ensure safe

storage of gas cylinders:

a. Secure all cylinders in racks, holders, or clamping devices. Fasten

cylinders individually (not ganged) in a well ventilated area. b. Do not rely on color to identify container contents. Check the label. c. Close valves, and release pressure on the regulators when cylinders are not

in use.

d. Minimize the number of hazardous gas cylinders in a laboratory. Do not

exceed the following combination:

i. Three 10" x 50" flammable gas and/or oxygen cylinders, and

ii. Two 9" x 30" liquefied flammable gas cylinders, and

iii. Three 4" x 15" cylinders of severely toxic gases (i.e. arsine,

chlorine, diborane, fluorine, hydrogen cyanide, methyl bromide,

nitric oxide, phosgene).

e. Keep heat, sparks, flames, and electrical circuits away from gas cylinders.

f. Store cylinders of flammable and oxidizing agents at least 20 feet apart, or separate these items with a fire wall.

g. Do not store gas cylinders in hallways or public areas.

147

When working with compressed gas cylinders, remember the following:

a. Never move a gas cylinder unless the cylinder cap is in place and the

cylinder is chained or otherwise secured to a cart.

b. Do not move a cylinder by rolling it on its base.

c. Only use regulators approved for the type of gas in the cylinder.

d. Do not use adapters to interchange regulators.

e. When opening a cylinder valve, follow these guidelines:

f. Direct the cylinder opening away from people.

g. Open the valve slowly.

h. If a cylinder leaks, carefully move the cylinder to an open space outdoors.

Have the supplier pick up the cylinder.

i. Do not use oil or other lubricant on valves and fittings.

j. Do not use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air.

k. Do not lift cylinders by the cap.

l. Do not tamper with the safety devices on a cylinder. Have the

manufacturer or supplier handle cylinder repairs.

m. Do not change a cylinder's label or color. Do not refill cylinders yourself.

n. Do not heat cylinders to raise internal pressure.

o. Do not use compressed gas to clean your skin or clothing.

p. Do not completely empty cylinders. Maintain at least 30 psi.

q. Do not use copper (>65% copper) connectors or tubing with acetylene.

Acetylene can form explosive compounds with silver, copper, and

mercury.

r. Always wear impact resistant glasses or goggles when working with

compressed gases.

7. CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS

Cryogenic fluids, such as liquid air, liquid nitrogen, or liquid oxygen, are used to obtain

extremely cold temperatures. Most cryogenic liquids are odorless, colorless, and tasteless

when vaporized. When cryogenic liquids are exposed to the atmosphere, however, they

create a highly visible and dense fog. All cryogens other than oxygen can displace

breathable air and can cause asphyxiation. Cryogens can also cause frostbite on exposed

skin and eye tissue.

Cryogens pose numerous hazards. For example, cryogenic vapors from liquid oxygen or

liquid hydrogen may cause a fire or explosion if ignited. Materials that are normally

noncombustible (e.g. carbon steel) may ignite if coated with an oxygen-rich condensate.

Liquefied inert gases, such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, are capable of condensing

atmospheric oxygen and causing oxygen entrapment or enrichment in unsuspected areas.

Extremely cold metal surfaces are also capable of entrapping atmospheric oxygen. The

hazards associated with cryogenic liquids are displayed in Table 1.

148

Table 1: Cryogenic Hazards

Cryogenic Hazard Source Hazard

Hydrogen, methane, and acetylene

Gases are flammable.

Oxygen

Increases the flammability of

combustibles.

Liquefied inert gases

Possible oxygen entrapment.

Extremely cold surfaces

Oxygen atmosphere may

condense.

Because the low temperatures of cryogenic liquids may affect material properties, take care to select equipment materials accordingly. Follow these guidelines when working

with cryogenic liquids:

a. Before working with cryogenic liquids, acquire a thorough knowledge of

cryogenic procedures, equipment operation, safety devices, material properties

and protective equipment usage.

b. Keep equipment and systems extremely clean.

c. Avoid skin and eye contact with cryogenic liquids. Do not inhale cryogenic

vapors.

d. Pre-cool receiving vessels to avoid thermal shock and splashing.

e. Use tongs to place and remove items in cryogenic liquid.

f. When discharging cryogenic liquids, purge the line slowly. Only use transfer lines

specifically designed for cryogenic liquids.

g. Rubber and plastic may become very brittle in extreme cold. Handle these items

carefully when removing them from cryogenic liquid.

h. Store cryogenic liquids in double-walled, insulated containers (e.g. Dewar flasks).

i. To protect yourself from broken glass if the container breaks or implodes, tape the exposed glass on cryogenic containers.

j. Do not store cylinders of cryogenic liquids in hallways or other public areas.

IMPORTANT: Be aware of the tremendous expansion and threat of asphyxiation

when a cryogenic liquid vaporizes at room temperature.

8. ELECTROPHORESIS

Electrophoresis equipment may be a major source of electrical hazard in the laboratory.

The presence of high voltage and conductive fluid in this apparatus presents a potentially

lethal combination. Many people are unaware of the hazards associated with this

apparatus; even a standard electrophoresis operating at 100 volts can deliver a lethal

shock at 25 milliamps. In addition, even a slight leak in the device tank can result in a

serious shock.

149

Protect yourself from the hazards of electrophoresis and electrical shock by taking these

precautions:

a. Use physical barriers to prevent inadvertent contact with the apparatus.

b. Use electrical interlocks.

c. Frequently check the physical integrity of the electrophoresis equipment.

d. Use warning signs to alert others of the potential electrical hazard. e. Use only insulated lead connectors. f. Turn the power off before connecting the electrical leads.

g. Connect one lead at a time using one hand only.

h. Ensure that your hands are dry when connecting the leads.

i. Keep the apparatus away from water and water sources.

j. Turn the power off before opening the lid or reaching into the chamber.

k. Do not disable safety devices.

l. Follow the equipment operating instructions.

9. GLASSWARE

Accidents involving glassware are the leading cause of laboratory injuries. To reduce the

chance of cuts or punctures, use common sense when working with glassware and follow

special safety precautions for tasks that involve unusual risks. Guidelines for laboratory

glassware safety:

a. Inspect glassware before and after each use. Discard or repair any cracked,

broken, or damaged glassware.

b. Thoroughly clean and decontaminate glassware after each use.

c. When inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers, corks, or tubing, you must:

i. Use adequate hand protection.

ii. Lubricate the tubing.

iii. Hold hands close together to minimize movement if the glass breaks.

d. When possible, substitute plastic or metal connectors for glass connectors.

e. Large glass containers are highly susceptible to thermal shock. Heat and cool

large glass containers slowly. Use Pyrex or heat-treated glass for heating

operations.

f. Leave at least 10 percent air space in containers with positive closures.

g. Never use laboratory glassware to serve food or drinks. h. Use thick-walled glassware for vacuum operation. i. Use round-bottomed glassware for vacuum operations. Flat-bottomed glassware is

not as strong as round-bottomed glassware.

NOTE: Do not use chromic acid to clean glassware. Chromic acid is extremely

corrosive and expensive to dispose of. Refer to the Hazardous Waste Disposal

Program.

Follow these safety guidelines for handling glassware:

i. When handling cool flasks, grasp the neck with one hand and support the

bottom with the other hand.

150

ii. Lift cool beakers by grasping the sides just below the rim. For large

beakers, use two hands: one on the side and one supporting the bottom.

iii. Never carry bottles by their necks. iv. Use a cart to transport large bottles of dense liquid.

Follow these guidelines for handling and disposing of broken glass:

a) Do not pick up broken glass with bare or unprotected hands. Use a

brush and dust pan to clean up broken glass. Remove broken glass

in sinks by using tongs for large pieces and cotton held by tongs

for small pieces and slivers.

b) Glass contaminated with biological, chemical, or radioactive

materials must be decontaminated before disposal or be disposed

of as hazardous waste.

c) Before disposing of broken glass in a trash can, place the glass in a

rigid container such as cardboard and mark it "Broken Glass".

10. HEATING SYSTEMS

Some laboratory heating procedures involve an open flame. Common hazards associated

with laboratory heating devices include electrical hazards, fire hazards, and hot surfaces.

Heated chemicals can cause more damage more quickly. Reaction rates double for each

10°C increase in temperature. Devices that supply heat for reactions or separations

include the following:

a. Open flame burners

b. Hot plates

c. Heating mantles

d. Oil and air baths

e. Hot air guns

f. Ovens g. Furnaces

h. Ashing systems

Before using any electrical heating device, follow these guidelines:

i. Ensure that heating units have an automatic shutoff.

ii. Ensure that heating devices and all connecting components are in good

working condition.

iii. Heating baths should be equipped with timers to ensure that they turn on

and off at appropriate times.

iv. Use a chemical fume hood when heating flammable or combustible

solvents. Arrange the equipment so that escaping vapors do not contact

heated or sparking surfaces.

v. Use non-asbestos thermal-heat resistant gloves to handle heated materials

and equipment.

vi. Perchloric acid digestions must be conducted in a perchloric fume hood.

vii. Minimize the use of open flames.

151

viii. Never leave an open flame unattended.

152

11. PRESSURIZED SYSTEMS

Do not conduct a reaction in, or apply heat to, a closed system apparatus unless the

equipment is designed and tested to withstand pressure. Pressurized systems should have

an appropriate relief valve, be fully shielded and be conducted in an occupied space.

Until safe operation is assured, remote operation is mandatory. Safety points to

remember:

a. Minimize risk and exposure.

b. Identify and assess all hazards and consequences.

c. Use remote manipulations whenever possible.

d. Minimize pressure, volume, and temperature.

e. Design conservatively.

f. Use material with a predictably safe failure mode.

g. Ensure that the components of the pressurized system will maintain structural

integrity at the maximum allowable working pressure. Avoid material that may

become brittle.

h. Operate within the original design parameters.

i. Provide backup protection (i.e. pressure relief valves, fail-safe devices).

j. Use quality hardware.

k. Use protective shield or enclosures provided.

l. Use tie-downs to secure tubing and other equipment.

m. Do not leave a pressurized system unattended.

Normally pressurized systems should not include glass components unless they are

specially designed and intended for that purpose.

12. REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERS

Using a household refrigerator to store laboratory chemicals is extremely hazardous for

several reasons:

a. Many flammable solvents are still volatile at refrigerator temperatures.

b. Refrigerator temperatures are typically higher than the flashpoint of most

flammable liquids.

c. The storage compartment of a household refrigerator contains numerous ignition

sources including thermostats, light switches, and heater strips.

d. The compressor and electrical circuits, at the bottom of the unit (where chemical

vapors are likely to accumulate) are not sealed.

Laboratory-safe and explosion-proof refrigerators typically provide adequate protection

for chemical storage in the laboratory. Laboratory-safe refrigerators, for example, are

specifically designed for use with flammables since the sparking components are located

on the exterior of the refrigerator. Explosion-proof refrigerators are required in areas that

may contain high levels of flammable vapors (i.e. chemical storage rooms with large

quantities of flammables). Follow these rules for using refrigerators in the laboratory:

153

i. Never store flammable chemicals in a household refrigerator.

154

ii. Do not store food or drink in a laboratory refrigerator/freezer.

iii. Ensure that all refrigerators are clearly labeled to indicate suitable usage.

iv. Laboratory-safe and explosion-proof refrigerators should be identified by

the manufacturer’s label.

v. "Not Safe for Flammable Storage" labels are available from RMS.

vi. Refrigerators used to store food should be labeled "For Food Only".

13. VACUUM SYSTEMS

Vacuum systems pose severe implosion hazards. Follow these guidelines and

requirements to ensure system safety:

a. Ensure that pumps have belt guards in place during operation.

b. Ensure that service cords and switches are free from defects.

c. Always use a trap on vacuum lines to prevent liquids from being drawn into the

pump, house vacuum line, or water drain.

d. Replace and properly dispose of vacuum pump oil that is contaminated with

condensate. Used pump oil must be disposed as hazardous waste.

e. Place a pan under pumps to catch oil drips.

f. Do not operate pumps near containers of flammable chemicals.

g. Do not place pumps in an enclosed, unventilated cabinet.

IMPORTANT: All vacuum equipment is subject to possible implosion. Conduct

all vacuum operations behind a table shield or in a fume hood. Do not

underestimate the pressure differential across the walls of glassware that can be

created by a water aspirator.

a. Glassware Vaccum Operations

Glassware used with vacuum operations must meet the following

requirements:

i. Only heavy-walled round-bottomed glassware should be used for

vacuum operations. The only exception to this rule is glassware

specifically designed for vacuum operations, such as an

Erlenmeyer filtration flask.

ii. Wrap exposed glass with tape to prevent flying glass if an

implosion occurs.

iii. Carefully inspect vacuum glassware before and after each use.

Discard any glass that is chipped, scratched, broken, or otherwise

stressed.

b. Glass Desiccators

Glass desiccators often have a slight vacuum due to contents cooling.

When using desiccators, follow these guidelines:

i. Use molded plastic desiccators with high tensile strength.

ii. For glass desiccators, use a perforated metal desiccator guard.

155

c. Cold Trap A cold trap is a condensing device to prevent moisture contamination in a

vacuum line. Guidelines for using a cold trap include:

i. Locate the cold trap between the system and vacuum pump.

ii. Ensure that the cold trap is of sufficient size and cold enough to

condense vapors present.

iii. Check frequently for blockages in the cold trap.

iv. Use isopropanol/dry ice or ethanol/dry ice instead of acetone/dry

ice to create a cold trap. Isopropanol and ethanol are cheaper, less

toxic, and less prone to foam.

v. Do not use dry ice or liquefied gas refrigerant bath as a closed

system. These can create uncontrolled and dangerously high

pressures.

vi. A disinfectant trap should be used in-line when a vacuum is used

with hazardous biological materials. 14. TRAINING AND INSPECTIONS

a. Training Requirements

Administrative and engineering controls help minimize laboratory risks. Before

using a lab, new employees and students must be trained by their respective

supervisor/instructor on the proper use of laboratory equipment, personal

protective equipment, chemicals, and MSDS.

Lab Safety and Hazard Communications training is available online through the

RMS website, refer to: http://www.tarleton.edu/~safety/training-online.html.

New employees and students who complete of the online training must submit

documentation of completion to RMS within 30 days of completion.

New employees and students must be instructed on the location of all emergency

facilities and contact information. All laboratories MUST be labeled with

emergency contact information. If an incident occurs during off-hours,

respondents need to know the names and telephone numbers of the people

responsible for laboratory operations and emergency responders. Keep this

information current, accurate and available. Emergency contact signage is

available from RMS.

b. Lab Inspections

It is important that laboratories are inspected by the personnel/department using

them on a regular basis. Discovery of any safety hazards or concerns must be

reported to RMS immediately. Quarterly lab safety audits will be conducted on all

Tarleton State University laboratories by RMS personnel. Refer to Appendix A,

Lab Safety Audit Inspection Form.

http://www.tarleton.edu/~safety/training-online.html

156

REFERENCES

For more information on lab safety, refer to the following safety programs available

through RMS:

Biological Safety Program

Chemical Safety Program

Hazard Communication Program

Hazardous Waste Program

Biohazardous Waste Program

157

Appendix K: Hazardous Waste Management http://www.tarleton.edu/safety/index.html

TARLETON STATE UNIVERSITY

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM


August 2009

158

1. GENERAL

The following information is provided to assist Tarleton State University in establishing

procedures to meet safety requirements for Hazardous Waste Management and to protect

students, employees and the environment.

2. PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to inform faculty, staff, employees, and students at

Tarleton State University regarding Federal and State hazardous waste disposal

regulations and to define the Tarleton Hazardous Waste Management Program.

3. SCOPE

This Program applies to all Tarleton State University Facilities. The Program pertains to

hazardous chemical waste and does not include procedures for the management of

radioactive, infectious, and biological waste. The Tarleton Office of Risk Management &

Safety (RMS) administers the Hazardous Waste Management Program. Compliance with

the program is critical and requires full cooperation by all campus entities.

4. DEFINITIONS

a. Acutely Hazardous Waste – In accordance with 40 CFR§261.11(a)(2),

hazardous waste that has the following criteria:

i. fatal to humans in low doses

ii. in the absence of data on human toxicity capable of causing or

significantly contributing to an increase in serious irreversible, or

incapacitating reversible illness

b. Central Accumulation Area - Site designated by the Office of Risk Management

and Safety to be used for the storage of hazardous wastes prior to shipment to

permitted disposal facilities. There are two Central Accumulation Areas on

Tarleton State University campus:

i. Secured area behind Building 671 and across from Physical Plant

ii. Secured building behind Building 919 (Science Bldg)

c. Disposal - The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, or placing of any

solid waste or hazardous waste (whether containerized or non-containerized) into

or on any land or water so that such solid waste or any constituent thereof may

enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any water,

including groundwaters.

159

d. EPA Identification Number - The number assigned by the Environmental

Protection Agency to each generator, transporter, and processing, storage or

disposal facility.

160

e. Facility - Includes all contiguous land, and structures, other appurtenances, and

improvements on the land used for storing, processing, or disposing of municipal

hazardous waste or industrial solid waste.

f. Generator - Any person, by site, who produces municipal hazardous waste or

industrial solid waste; any person who possesses municipal hazardous waste or

industrial solid waste to be shipped to any other person; or any person whose act

first causes the solid waste to become subject to regulation.

g. Hazardous Material - a substance or material, including a hazardous substance,

which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of

posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in

commerce, and which has been so designated.

h. Hazardous Waste - Any solid waste material listed or identified in Title 40 Code

of Federal Regulations, Part 261, Subpart C and D or exhibiting the characteristics

of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or E.P. toxicity also defined in Part 261.

i. Manifest - A legal document containing required information, which must

accompany shipments of Municipal Hazardous Waste or Class I-Industrial Solid

Waste transported on public roads or thoroughfares.

j. Mixed Waste - A radioactive waste that is also a hazardous waste.

k. Permit - A written document issued by EPA or TCEQ that, by its conditions,

authorizes the construction, installation, modification, or operation of a specified

municipal hazardous waste or industrial solid waste storage, processing, or

disposal facility in accordance with specified limitations.

l. Processing - The extraction of materials, transfer, volume reduction, conversion

to energy, or other separation and preparation of solid waste for reuse or disposal,

including the treatment or neutralization of hazardous waste, designed to change

the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous

waste so as to neutralize such waste, or as to recover energy or material from the

waste or so as to render such waste non-hazardous or less hazardous; safer to

transport, store, and dispose; or amenable for recovery, amenable for storage, or

reduced in volume.

m. Recyclable Materials - Wastes that are recycled. Recycled material is used,

reused, or reclaimed.

n. Reclaimed material is processed or regenerated to recover a usable product.

Examples: Recovery of lead from spent batteries, or regeneration of spent solvent.

161

o. Satellite Accumulation Area - An area, system, or structure used for temporary

accumulation of hazardous waste prior to transport to the central accumulation

area. Must have a sign posted identifying the location of SAA. Examples:

workspace corner, lab area, closets, etc.

p. Solid Waste - Any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, water

treatment plant, or air pollution control facility or other discarded material,

including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from

industrial, municipal, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from

community and institutional activities.

q. Storage - The holding of solid waste for a temporary period, at the end of which

the waste is processed, disposed of, recycled, or stored elsewhere.

r. Texas Solid Waste Number - The number assigned by the TCEQ to each

generator, transporter, and processing, storage, or disposal facility.

s. Transporter - Any person who conveys or transports municipal hazardous waste

or industrial solid waste by truck, ship, pipeline or other means.

t. Universal Waste – a subtype of hazardous waste subject to 40 CFR Part273 and TAC 335.261 to include:

i. Batteries including lead-acid that are not managed under 40 CFR

266,Subpart G;

ii. Recalled pesticides that are part of a voluntary or mandatory recall under

FIFRA or pesticides managed as part of a waste pesticide program; and

iii. Mercury-Contained Devices (i.e. thermostats, switches, thermometers,

etc.)

iv. Spent Lamps including Fluorescent(Hg), Halogen(Hg), Metal Halide(Hg),

High/Low Pressure Sodium(Hg), Mercury Vapor(Hg), Incandescent(Pb).

v. Paint and Paint-Related wastes – considered universal waste according to Texas and subject to 30 TAC 335.262. If this waste is shipped out of Texas it must be manifested as hazardous waste.

5. BACKGROUND

Tarleton State University is designated as a „Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity

Generator‟(CESQG) of hazardous waste. If monthly accumulation of hazardous wastes should ever exceed 220 lbs or 2.2 lbs of acutely hazardous wastes, then TSU will be

designated as a „Small Quantity Generator‟ (SQG) and must comply with the State and Federal regulations on waste disposal associated with that classification. Both the Texas

162

Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) may inspect the Tarleton Hazardous Waste Management Program for

compliance.

163

Tarleton is not permitted to treat or dispose of waste locally. All waste must be

transported to a permitted off-site facility for further storage, treatment, and/or disposal. It

is illegal to dispose of hazardous chemical waste by dilution, evaporation, or dumping

into the sanitary or storm sewers or into the local landfill.

The Office of Risk Management and Safety administers the collection, transportation, and

storage of hazardous chemical waste prior to final disposal. In addition, the department

provides technical information and assistance to individual generators and maintains

permanent records of all hazardous chemical waste movement on the main campus. For

information on the transportation of hazardous materials refer to the Hazardous Materials

Transportation Program or contact the Office of Risk Management and Safety.

6. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS

Since Federal and State regulations govern hazardous chemical waste disposal at

Tarleton, failure to comply with any hazardous chemical waste regulation may result in

substantial fines and penalties for the University; individual generators (e.g., principal

investigators, employees) causing the violation may be personally liable. Violations may

range from failure to properly label a container of hazardous waste to intentionally

disposing of hazardous chemical waste into the air, down the drain, or in the garbage.

As a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (CESQG) of hazardous chemical

waste, Tarleton has been issued an EPA Identification Number and a Texas Solid Waste

Registration Number. Before transporting or offering hazardous chemical waste for

transportation to an off-site facility, all requirements of packaging, labeling, marking and

placarding must be met.

A waste generator never totally loses liability for environmental damage; therefore, the

selection of a reliable disposal facility is very important. In Texas, penalties for non-

compliance may be civil, criminal, or administrative violations with penalties ranging

from fines of up to $25,000 per day to a 15-year prison term for individuals.

7. HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAM

Generators are responsible for following the University disposal procedures, for assuring

that their employees are trained in proper disposal procedures, and for properly

identifying the hazardous chemical waste generated. The following procedures are

intended to assure compliance with applicable Federal and State regulations for the

proper management of hazardous chemical waste.

a. Hazardous Chemical Waste Determination

A material becomes "waste" when the individual generator determines that it is no

longer useful and should be discarded. If the material is to be discarded, the

164

Office of Risk Management and Safety must determine whether the chemical

165

waste is non-hazardous or hazardous. A material is "non-hazardous chemical

waste" if it does not meet the definition of "hazardous chemical waste". A

material is "hazardous chemical waste" if it meets one or more of the following:

i. Is a chemical listed under 40 CFR 261

ii. Is a mixture or solution containing a listed chemical

iii. Meets the definition of one of the following:

1) Ignitability (flashpoint <60o

C or supports combustion);

2) Reactivity (e.g., responds violently to air or water, cyanides,

explosives, unstable chemicals);

3) Corrosivity (pH <4 or >10);

4) EP toxicity (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals, poisons);

5) Universal Waste;

6) Any material not excluded from regulations.

b. General Information

i. Non-hazardous waste may be disposed of using the sanitary sewer or

regular trash.

ii. Hazardous chemicals can be treated to reduce the hazard or the quantity of

waste in the laboratory if the treatment procedure is included in the

experimental protocol.

iii. Gas cylinders should be returned to the manufacturer or distributor

whenever possible. If you have non-returnable cylinders, please notify the

Office of Risk Management and Safety for evaluation and proper waste

classification.

iv. Photographic wastes may be considered hazardous. If you have

photographic lab waste, please notify the Office of Risk Management and

Safety for evaluation and proper waste classification.

v. "Mixed Waste" (includes both radioactive material and hazardous

chemicals) should be treated as radiological waste and handled separately.

Notify the Office of Risk Management and Safety.

vi. Chemical waste that is "unknown" must be labeled as such in order to be

picked up for disposal. Apply a waste disposal label to the container and

write "unknown" under chemical description. Generators will be charged

for the cost of analysis necessary to determine the chemical identity for

proper disposal.

vii. Lab clean-outs require advance notice to the Office of Risk Management

and Safety. It is recommended to plan on at least three weeks from the

time all paperwork is received to the actual time of removal. Once the Lab

Cleanout Form is finalized, a RMS representative will contact you to

schedule a hazardous waste disposal pick-up date and time. Additional

costs for a pickup that is not regularly scheduled with waste disposal may

be charged to the department.

166

c. Classification and Segregation of Hazardous Chemical Waste

Hazardous chemical waste is categorized into the following hazard classes:

i. Halogenated solvents

ii. Non-halogenated solvents

iii. Acids (inorganic or organic)

iv. Bases (inorganic or organic)

v. Heavy metals (silver, cadmium, lead, mercury, etc.)

vi. Poisons (inorganic or organic)

vii. Reactives (cyanides, sulfides, water reactive chemicals, peroxides, etc.)

Hazardous chemical wastes must be segregated as follows:

i. Different classes of hazardous chemical waste must not to be commingled

in the same waste container.

ii. Do not combine inorganic heavy metal compounds and organic waste

solvents.

iii. Do not combine non-hazardous waste (e.g., mixture of water, dilute acetic

acid, and sodium bicarbonate) with hazardous chemical waste.

iv. Dry materials (paper, rags, towels, gloves, or Kim Wipes, etc.)

contaminated with flammable or extremely toxic chemicals must be

double-bagged in heavy-duty plastic bags and must be treated as hazardous

chemical waste.

v. Sharps are categorized as Biohazardous Waste, NOT hazardous waste.

Refer to TSU Bloodborne Pathogens Program and Biohazardous Waste

Program.

Contact RMS if you have any questions regarding hazardous waste classification

and segregation.

d. Containment and Storage of Hazardous Chemical Wastes

Waste generators must follow these guidelines for hazardous waste containment

and storage:

i. Maintain custody and control of the storage areas and assure the waste is

accessible to the Office of Risk Management and Safety.

ii. Ensure that hazardous chemical wastes are accumulated in safe,

transportable containers, properly labeled, and stored to prevent human

exposure to or environmental release of the waste materials.

iii. Waste containers must be compatible with the chemical contents (e.g., do

not use metal containers for corrosive waste or plastic containers for

organic solvent). Only compatible wastes should be stored together.

iv. Containers must be in good condition and not leak. All containers must

have suitable screw caps or other means of secure closure.

v. For large waste containers, >10 gallons total volume, must contact the

Office of Risk Management and Safety for assistance on

selection/placement of appropriate container type and size.

167

vi. Never overfill hazardous waste containers. Expansion and excess weight

can lead to spills, explosions, and extensive environmental exposure.

1) Containers of solids must not be filled beyond their weight and

volume capacity.

2) Jugs and bottles should not be filled above the shoulder of the

container.

3) Closed head cans (5 gallons or less) should have at least two inches

of headspace between the liquid level and the head of the

container.

4) Closed head drums (larger than 5 gallons) should have at least four

inches of headspace.

vii. Containers must be closed/sealed to prevent leakage. All waste containers

must be kept closed except when adding or removing material.

viii. Generators must ensure that Satellite Accumulation Areas (SAA) have the

following:

1) Area is secure from “Unauthorized Entry” and emergency contacts are posted.

2) Waste is stored in a designated area with visible SAA signage.

3) These areas must be accessible to the Office of Risk Management

and Safety.

4) Hazardous waste is separated from non-waste chemicals.

5) Ensure less than 55 gallons of any one hazard class of waste or less

than one quart of acutely hazardous waste is being stored in an

SAA.

6) Spill Control Equipment is available.

e. Labels and Labeling

Waste generators must ensure the following labeling guidelines:

i. The original chemical label on containers used for waste accumulation

must be destroyed or defaced.

ii. EPA regulations require that waste containers be labeled to identify the

chemical contents and with the words "HAZARDOUS WASTE" when the

chemical waste is first added.

iii. Hazardous Waste Labels are available from the Office of Risk

Management and Safety. These labels have an adhesive back and are

placed on the container when the chemical is first added. See Figure 1 for

examples of the hazardous waste labels used at Tarleton State University.

iv. When waste containers that are full and ready for disposal the label must

include the accumulation start date. A hazardous waste label is not

complete until the Accumulation Start Date is filled out.

v. The Office of Risk Management and Safety will not pickup containers

with improper caps, leaks, outside contamination, or improper labeling.

168

vi. It is illegal to dispose of hazardous chemicals in any of the following

ways:

1) Disposal through the sanitary drain.

2) Intentional evaporation in a fume hood.

3) Disposal in the regular trash.

vii. EPA regulations set guidelines for disposal of an empty chemical

container. Empty containers can be disposed of with other non-hazardous

trash ONLY after the following requirements are met:

1) Must NOT contain free liquid or solid residue,

2) Must be triple rinsed,

3) Must have the original label removed or defaced,

4) Must have the lid or cap removed

5) For metal or plastic containers, it must have a hole punched in the

bottom

Any empty chemical containers not handled in accordance with these

guidelines must be treated as hazardous chemical waste and disposed as

such.

169

Figure 1: Examples of Hazardous Waste Labels used at TSU

8. SOURCE REDUCTION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MINIMIZATION

Hazardous waste regulations have evolved from emphasis on reduction to the prevention

of environmental pollution. The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (Federal Regulation)

made the prevention of pollution and reduction of waste generation, a national priority.

The key to source reduction is "front-end minimization". Front-end minimization means

reducing overall hazardous waste production by reducing the quantities of hazardous

chemicals purchased, used and by substituting for less hazardous materials. Research and

teaching laboratories and other working groups (Physical Plant, TIAER, Agriculture

Dept., RLL, etc.) that generate hazardous waste should review their purchasing practices

and systems, chemical usage patterns, and workplace activities to identify potential points

in their operations where source reduction and waste minimization can be implemented.

Contact the Office of Risk Management and Safety if you have any questions.

170

9. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Tarleton‟s Hazard Communication Program requires that employees be informed of hazardous materials that they might use or be exposed to at work. In addition, the program includes training on handling spills and other emergencies. Material Safety Data

Sheets are a source of this information and should be maintained for all chemicals used or

stored within a workplace. Special cleanup supplies should be available and employees

should be trained on how to use these supplies. The Tarleton Office of Risk Management

and Safety can provide additional information on handling specific chemical spills.

Contaminated clothing, rags, absorbent materials, or other waste from cleanup of spills or

leaks must be properly disposed. All labs should post emergency numbers to be used and

have a response scenario for emergencies. The Control Center will contact RMS in the

event of any reported chemical spill.

Emergency telephone numbers of importance are listed below:

Campus Emergency Number 911

University Control Center (24 hours/day) 968-9265

University Police Department 968-9002

Office of Risk Management and Safety 968-9237

REFERENCES

The most recent version of the Texas Administrative Code, Industrial Solid Waste and Municipal

Hazardous Waste, 30 TAC 335.

The most recent version of the Texas Administrative Code, Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity

Generators, 30 TAC 335.

The most recent version of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) administered

by the Environmental Protection Agency regulation, Hazardous Waste Management,

40 CFR 260 – 265. The most recent version of the Environmental Protection Agency regulation, Standards for

Universal Waste Management, 40 CFR 273.

The National Pollution Prevention Policy, Pollution Prevention Act (PPA), 42 USC 13101.

TSU – Bloodborne Pathogen Program, Biohazardous Waste Program, Hazardous Materials Transportation Program, Hazard Communication Program

171

Appendix L: Fire Safety http://www.tarleton.edu/safety/index.html


Fire Safety Awareness Program


172

November 2009

173

I F THERE’S A FI

RE

TO SURVIVE A FIRE

1. If available, sound the alarm as soon as you find or suspect a fire. Warn

other occupants - - knock on doors and shout.

2. Leave the building or structure. Don’t attempt a rescue unless you can do

so safely. Stay out of the building until given the O.K. to return by fire

officials.

3. Call the fire department. Provide the dispatcher with as much information

as possible. Crawl low in smoke. If you get caught in smoke, get down and crawl. Cleaner,

cooler air will be near the floor

Feel doors before opening. Before opening any doors, feel the metal knob. If it

is hot, do not open the door. If it is cool, brace yourself against the door, open it

slightly, and if trapped by heat or heavy smoke, close the door and stay in the

room.

Go to the nearest stairway or exit. If nearest exit is blocked by heat, fire, or

smoke, stay low and go to another exit. Use exit stairs, not elevators. Elevator

shafts may fill with smoke or the power may fail, leaving you trapped. Stairway

fire doors will keep out fire and smoke - if they are closed-- and will protect

you until you are outside. Close as many doors as possible as you leave. This

will help to confine the fire.

Only use a fire extinguisher if the fire is very small and you know how to do it

safely. If the extinguisher does not put out the fire, leave immediately. Make

sure the fire department is called --even if you think the fire is out.

IF YOU GET TRAPPED Keep the doors closed. A closed door can protect you from fire, heat and smoke

elsewhere in the building. If you are trapped, seal cracks and vents from

incoming smoke. Open windows, down at the top to allow heat and smoke to

escape ; up from the bottom to allow fresh air inch

Signal for help. Stay where you are, and hang something like a sheet or shirt

from the window to attract the fire department’s attention. If there is a phone in

the room, call 911 and give your room number and location.

IF YOU ARE ON FIRE

DO NOT JUMP – THE FIRE DEPARTMENT WILL RESCUE YOU. Stop, Drop and Roll. If your clothes catch on fire, stop, drop and roll wherever

you are. Rolling smothers flames.

Cool burns. Use cool tap water immediately for burns. Don’t use ointments. If

skin is blistered, dead white, brown or charred, call 911.

174

=

TO PREVENT FIRES Smoke carefully. If you smoke, don’t smoke in bed or near flammable

materials. Use large ashtrays and be sure ashes, matches and cigarette ends are

cold before you dump them.

Cook in approved areas or kitchens and use listed appliances. Stay nearby while

appliances as soon as possible.

HELP ELIMINATE CAMPUS FIRE HAZARDS Electrical abuse. Use of electrical “octopuses” to obtain more outlets can

overloaded circuits and fire--replace damaged wires--match your appliance

power requirements to the circuit power.

Appliance power (watts)

110 (volts) The approximate power (amps)

being used,

Most electric circuits only supply 15 or 20 amps per room for all of the outlets.

Also, extension cords should be limited to temporary use.

APPLIANCES

OPEN FLAMES

Hotplates, peculators, irons, space heaters, etc. should never be left unattended.

They should be unplugged after use and not stored until they are cool enough to

touch. Keep heaters away from curtains and furniture since appliances can

overload circuits and start a fire.

Remember – Space heaters need space! Be very careful with open flames. Candles, bonfires, and Bunsen burners

should never be left unattended. If you leave, fore even only a moment, put out

all flames. Candles are very dangerous to use in bedrooms.

HAZARDOUS STORAGE Dispose of all waste as soon as possible. Waste material should be stored in a safe place, not in corridors or stairways.

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Gasoline, ether, paint, glue, etc. may not be stored in residential buildings. In

laboratories, shops, and classrooms, storage of flammable liquids is limited to

specific quantities and containers.

IMPROPER STORAGE AND DEADLY OBSTACLES Storing bikes, chairs, desks, and other items is prohibited in all exit ways.

Blocked exits have caused pile-ups of fallen people during emergencies.

PROTECT YOURSELF - PARTICIPATE IN FIRE DRILLS Drills are used to familiarize yourself with the building’s alarm, emergency exits

you may not normally use, and the procedure for calling the fire department.

175

IF YOU ARE HANDICAPPED OR DISABLED (even temporarily), learn about fire safety, plan ahead for fire emergencies, and

know your own capabilities and/or limitations. On campus, the staff notifies the

fire department of handicapped residents so they can find you. Look for “areas

of refuge”, like stair enclosures or the other side of corridor fire doors. Most

elevators are designed to stop operating when the alarm is sounding and they are

very dangerous in a fire. It may be safer to stay in your room and follow the

advice for being trapped.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS If you use either of these, you are especially vulnerable to being killed from

smoke inhalation--you cannot smell smoke when you are asleep. Even healthy

young people may not be able to escape a fire if they are intoxicated. You may

not be able to hear the alarm or find the exit. Let the fire department know if

you think someone has not evacuated the building.

REPORT DAMAGED FIRE EQUIPMENT Fire doors--should close automatically and completely.

Exit signs--two exit signs should be visible from all public areas.

Fire Alarms--horns, bells, and pull stations should be accessible and not

vandalized.

Fire extinguishers--report empty or vandalized extinguishers.

REPORT FIRE-RELATED CRIMES TO THE POLICE Please assist with information leading to the arrest of an arsonist.

Vandalism of fire extinguishers, exit signs, and fire alarms robs you of your fire

protection. Any student found responsible for these crimes can be expelled from

the University in addition to criminal prosecution. A conviction could prevent

your acceptance to a graduate or professional school.

EMERGENCY NUMBERS

On/Off Campus

Fire 911

Police 9265/911

Medical Emergency 911

176

It's easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if

you can remember the acronym PASS, which stands for

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

Pull the pin.

This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire.

If you aim at the flames (which is frequently the temptation), the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good. You want to hit the fuel.

Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.

Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.

177

Appendix M: Safety Statement

NASA RFP

Documents

Transcript of NASA RFP