Narcolepsy

-Chronic sleep disorder

-disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness

-Person feels extreme fatigue and

falls asleep at inappropriate times

-Sudden attack of REM Sleep

Causes of Narcolepsy-people with narcolepsy have a reduced numbers of

protein producing neurons that control appetite and sleep patterns

-These proteins are called hypocretin or orexin

A depiction of the neuropeptide Orexin A. People with narcolepsy often have a reduced number of neurons that produce this protein.

Narcolepsy

• Symptoms

- Excessive sleepiness

- Temporary decrease or loss of muscle control

- Vivid dream like images

- Unable to move or talk while asleep

• Prevalence

- Has been calculated to be 0.03%

- Can occur during anytime in life

- Mostly affects teens

- Has been found to be hereditary

Treatment of Narcolepsy!

Such as stimulants, a

ntidepressants, and

sodium oxybate!

Taking short, scheduled naps maybe a great way to lessen the effects of narcolepsy

Restless Leg Syndrome• Symptoms: Creeping or crawling

sensations that make the legs uncomfortable unless they are moving.

• Prevalence: Millions of people are affected by RLS.

• Definition: A sleep disorder characterized by leg discomfort during sleep, which is only relieved by frequent movements of the legs.

• Causes: In most patients, the cause is unknown. However, RLS has been linked to pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and anemia.

• Treatment: Reduction or elimination of caffeine and alcohol, stopping smoking, and better sleep and exercise can all help patients with RLS.

Periodic Leg Movement Disorder• Symptoms: Repetitive cramping or

jerking of legs while sleeping. Movements are rhythmic and occur every 20-40 seconds.

• Prevalence: This disorder is more common in elderly or middle aged people.

• Definition: A disorder in which the patient is awakened repeatedly during the night by cramps in the calf muscles.

• Causes: Has no known cause. Has been linked to abnormalities in regulation of nerves traveling from brain to legs.

• Treatment: Various medications may help. Sleeping pills prevent frequent awakenings, but do not stop the movements. Painkillers reduce movement, but don’t stop the insomnia.

By Jenna and Emily

Definitions• Sleep Apnea is when someone temporary stops breathing in their sleep.• Snoring is a rattling noise made by someone when they are sleeping

usually from the back of their mouth or noise.

•Sleep apnea is caused by not enough air can get to your lungs. This could because the person has a cold or allergies. •Snoring is caused by too much throat or nasal tissues. Also the position of the tongue can cause snoring.

Causes

Treatments •Nasal strips or spray •Sleep on side•Elevate head 4-6 in

SYMPTOMS AND PREVALENCE

-When airway is blocked soft tissue in the throat collapses and closes while asleep-Irritable, lack of sleep, soar throat, emotional issues, morning headaches, loss of energy, loud snoring, daytime sleepiness possibly while driving-approximately 1 in 15 people in USA -more likely for men than women

Sleepwalking

By: Charita Donahue

Purposeful moving, usually but not always including walking, while in a deep stage (stage 4) of sleep.

Symptoms

open eyes glassy, staring appearance as the person quietly roams.

Causes

Sleep deprivation, chaotic sleep schedules, fever, stress, magnesium deficiency, and alcohol intoxication can trigger sleepwalking.

Sleepwalking

Treatments

Medication

ProSomKlonopinTrazodone (Desyrel)

• Get adequate sleep • Limit stresss. Meditate or do relaxation exercises. • Avoid any kind of stimuli (auditory or visual) prior to bedtime

OtherSleepwalking is common in children. 3% to 17% of children sleepwalk.It peaks between the ages of 10 and 12. It rarely continues on into adulthood, and is even more unlikely to first develop in adulthood. Under 1% of adults sleepwalk.

Insomnia

• Insomnia is defined as a persistent difficulty in falling asleep. Also, waking up and not feeling rested and restored.

• Insomnia is caused by:– Psychoactive drugs or stimulants– Hormone shifts (menstruation &

menopause)– Life problems: Fear, stress, & anxiety

Symptoms & Prevalence

• Difficulty falling asleep

• Waking up frequently during the night

• Irritability• Difficulty

concentrating• Daytime

sleepiness

• 30-40% of adults say they have symptoms of insomnia in a given year.

• 10-15% of adults say they have chronic insomnia. (when it persists for longer than a month.)

REM Behavior Disorder

acting out violent dreams during REM sleep

often causing self-injury or injury to the bed partner

behaviors are usually nondirected

can include punching, kicking, leaping, crying out, or running from bed while still in REM sleep

patient may wake spontaneously during the attack and vividly recall the dream that corresponds to the physical action

Potentially dangerous objects should be removed from the bedroom, and the

mattress should be placed on the floor or a cushion should

be put around the bed

RBD can be treated by various medications;

however, the response varies in individual cases

2% overall prevalence of violent behaviors during sleep

25% of which were likely to be due to RBD

=0.5% of RBD in general population

*exact incidence and prevalence of RBD are unknown because of inadequate reporting

and misdiagnosis

REM Behavior Disorder 36% of people with

narcolepsy experience symptoms of RBD

several studies have suggested that idiopathic

RBD is linked with the later development of

neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson disease and Lewy body

dementia

RBD may occur in association with various neurological conditions

such as vascular lesions, brainstem neoplasm,

autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, and

neurodegenerative disorders

REM Behavior Disorder

REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by loss of normal voluntary muscle

atonia during REM sleep associated with complex motor

behavior while dreaming.

(http://members.medscape.com/article/1188651-overview)

Night Terrors and Nightmares

By : Ashley Merrick, and Dan

Symptoms Night terrors

• Screaming, kicking, thrashing, and flailing• One third sleep walk• Disorientated, eyes can be open with pupils fully

dilated• Change in body• Not easily awakened• Last 1-15 minutes• Stage 4, Physical effects (breathing, heart rate,

sweating, etc)

Symptoms

Nightmares• Vivid realistic dreams causing fear

• Being afraid after dreams

• Remembering the dream

• Occur during REM sleep

PrevalenceNight terrors

• Mainly boys

• Ages 3-5

• Rare after age 12

PrevalenceNightmares

• Can not be known

• People do not record nightmares

DefinitionNight terrors and Nightmares

• Nightmares/Night Terrors-are dreams that scare people and cause them to wake up. Night Terrors are much more severe and usually leave the person moaning, crying, gasping, a screaming. They are so severe the fear can last from 5 to 20 minutes. It is also so scary a person’s heartbeat is usually about 160 to 170 beats per minute.

CausesNight terrors and Nightmares

• No one is for sure on the causes but things like stress or medications that heavily affect the brain can bring them on. Also over sleeping or being over tired.

•  Some doctors think spicy food might have some relevance

TreatmentNight Terrors

• Do not awaken

• Protect from harm

• Give affection (hug, sing)

• Severe cases doctors will give Benzodiazepine tranquillizers such as diazepam that will prevent stage 4 sleep (not recommended)

TreatmentNightmares

• If on drugs, stop taking them

• If reoccurring see a therapist

• Avoid spicy food

Night Terrors and Nightmares

By: Daniel Hoz

Night TerrorsCauses/Treatment of Disorder

Causes:

1. Stressful Life Events

2. Fever

3. Sleep Deprivation

4. Medications that affect the central nervous system (brain)

Treatment:

1. Make the child’s room safe so they don’t get hurt

2. Eliminate all sources of sleep disturbance

3. Maintain a consistent bed time routine and wake up routine

NightmaresCauses/Treatment of disorder

Causes

1. Psychiatric disorders

2. MAJOR Physiological traumas, such as PTSD

3. Stress

4. Medications or Drug Abuse

Treatment

1. Treating the underlying cause

2. Medications

3. Relaxation or Chillaxing, such as Yoga and such.

SWSD and Jet Lag

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

SWSD (Shift Work Sleep Disorder)

• Symptoms are excessive sleepiness, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, headaches, and lack of energy.

• Prevalence are people who may frequently rotate shifts or work at night.

• Treatments are being put on medication, and try not to get your work shifted if possible.

Jet Lag

• Symptoms are fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, constipation, diarrhea, confusion, dehydration, headaches, irritability, nausea, sweating, coordination problems, and memory loss.

• Prevalence: affects most people who fly that cross five or more time zones. Severity increases with number of zones they travel through.

• Treatments are to be put on medication.