NAPOLEON’S GRAND EMPIRE NAPOLEON’S...
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NAPOLEON’S GRAND EMPIRE NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814 Bonaparte’s War Machine “The logical conclusion of a defensive war is surrender.” Bonaparte = most effective General in Europe.... Aptitude for terrain General Staff quickly organizes/ prepares orders Army infused w/ appetite for SPEED Fear = most powerful weapon (3 part attack) Bonaparte’s sovereignty = “a unity of action” Propaganda High Morale -- the Army = the State Wellington: “No man ever lost more armies than he did” (avg 50,000 killed/year) NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814 Wartime atmosphere = excuse to crown himself Emperor (Dec 2, 1804)
Transcript of NAPOLEON’S GRAND EMPIRE NAPOLEON’S...
NAPOLEON’S GRAND EMPIRE
NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814
Bonaparte’s War Machine “The logical conclusion of a defensive war is surrender.” Bonaparte = most effective General in Europe....
Aptitude for terrain General Staff quickly organizes/prepares orders Army infused w/ appetite for SPEED Fear = most powerful weapon (3 part attack) Bonaparte’s sovereignty = “a unity of action” Propaganda High Morale -- the Army = the State
Wellington: “No man ever lost more armies than he did” (avg 50,000 killed/year)
NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814Wartime atmosphere = excuse to crown himself Emperor (Dec 2, 1804)
NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814
Renewed war w/ Britain (1803) planned amphibious invasion Mediterranean fleet destroyed by Admiral Nelson at Battle of Trafalgar (Oct 21, 1805)
NAPOLEON’S WARS, 1800-1814
3rd Coalition Battle of Austerlitz = Nap’s greatest victory
German Confederation of the Rhine Union of 15 states Napoleon = “protector” PRUS fights, loses at Jena & Auerstadt
THE GRAND EMPIRE3 Parts:
France & expanding borders Dependent satellite kingdoms
nepotism Independent but allied states of AUST, PRUS, & RUS
All expected to support Continental System
Costs: men and money Conquering tyrant or enlightened liberator?
Naples
Trieste
Geneva
Lyons
Genoa
S P A I N
A F R I C A
N A P L E S
I TA LY
G R E A T B R I T A I N
N O R W A YS W E D E N
PO
RT
UG
AL
O T T O M A N
E M P I R E
F R A N C E
G R A N D D U C H YO F WA R S AW
R U S S I A
A U S T R I A NE M P I R E
S A R D I N I A
C O R S I C A
S W I T Z .
B AVA R I A
S A X O N Y
P R U S S I A
W E S T P H A L I A
M E D I T E
RR
AN
EA
N S E A
Moscow
Turin
Rome
S I C I LY
Vienna
T Y R R H E N I A NS E A
B L A C KS E A
N O R T HS E A
B A LT I CS E A
AT L A N T I CO C E A N
B AYO F
B I S C AY Milan
Paris
D E N M A R K
B A L E R I C IS
(French)
Warsaw
Tilsit
Vilna
Smolensk
BerlinAmsterdam
Brussels
Waterloo 1815
Madrid
Cadiz
ILL
YR
IAN
Rhine R
.
Dnieper R.
Marengo 1800
Bailen 1808
Cape Trafalgar1805
Hohenlinden 1800
Wagram1809
Austerlitz 1805
Jena 1806LEIPZIG 1813
Eylau 1807
Friedland 1807
Borodino 1812
Confederation ofthe Rhine Boundary
French Empire
Satellites
Nominal Allies of Napoleon
Hostile to Napoleon
Battle Site
0 300 Miles200100
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CRUMBLING EMPIRE
Spain (1808) Breakdown of Continental System
Alex I openly repudiates (1811) Invasion of Russia (June 1812)
600,000 largest force yet assembled in single army 1/3 French, rest draftees from allies Russians Scorched Earth Retreat = 370,000 dead; 200,000 POWs
Sixth Coalition GB, RUS, AUST, PRUS Prince Klemens von Metternich call for a “war of liberation”
April 4, 1814 Napoleon Abdicates Elba as mini-state Restoration of Bourbon Dynasty (Louis XVIII)
Napoleonic Legend?
Merde.
