NAPOLEON’S EUROPEChapter 20

section 3

Key Terms• Napoleon Bonaparte• Admiral Horatio Nelson• Coup d’ etat• Plebiscite• Continental system• Nationalism

Opportunities for Glory

• Napoleon a brilliant military leader

• Forced British troops out of Toulon

• Won a victory against Austria

• 1795 faced royalist mob in Paris

• Used artillery to disperse them

Opportunities for Glory

• Directory placed Napoleon in charge of French troops

• Troops not slowed down by supply train

• Took what they needed from the countryside

• Won battles against the Italians and Austrians

• Secured France’s borders

Opportunities for Glory

• Napoleon turned his attention to Egypt

• 1798 Napoleon defeats Egypt’s Ottoman defenders

• Admiral Horatio Nelson- trapped and destroyed most French ships in the Battle of the Nile

Opportunities for Glory

• Napoleon covered up his defeat

• Napoleon sailed home• Left army in Egypt under another officer

• Exaggerated France's successes

Napoleon Seizes Power

• National hero decided to seize political power

• Directory had grown weak

• Armed supporters of Napoleon surrounded the Directory

• Voted Napoleon first Consul

Napoleon Seize Power

• Coup d’ etat- a forced transfer of power

• A group of three consuls would replace the Directory

• Structure of the Republic still in place

• Napoleon had become dictator

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Why would France want a dictator, after overthrowing a king?

• French craved order and stability the Napoleon promised

• Napoleon pledged to uphold some of the revolutions reforms

Napoleon Crowns Himself

• Plebiscite-question put before all the voters

• 1804- did they want to declare France an empire

• Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon I

• Pope Pious VII came from Rome to crown him

Napoleon Crowns Himself

• As Pope was going to place the crown on Napoleon's head

• He grabbed it and put it on his own head

• Told the world no one gave Napoleon authority but himself

Desire for Empire

• Wanted to rule Europe and extend power to Americas

• Civil war in Haiti was a French defeat

• Napoleon sold the Louisiana territories to America to concentrate on Europe

The Napoleonic Wars Begin

• Quest to conquer Europe

• France became a dominant power in Europe

• Napoleonic Wars lasted till 1815

• Great Britain was France’s worst enemy

The Napoleonic Wars Begin

• Organized coalitions against France

• Napoleon knew he had to defeat Great Britain

• 1805 England again defeats France in Battle of Trafalgar

• On Land Napoleon was more successful

The Continental System

• Britain's economy depended on overseas trade

• Napoleon wanted to disrupt trade

• Continental system- blockade prohibited French or allied ships from trading with Britain

The Continental System

• British required all neutral ships to stop in British ports for permission to trade with France

• This caused other conflicts

The Peninsular War

• Portugal share Iberian Peninsula with Spain

• Portuguese refused to participate in the continental system

• They depended on Great Britain for trade

• Napoleon sent troops to drive out the King

The Peninsular War

• Napoleon then conquered Spain

• British sent troops to Spain

• Napoleon won several victories against the British

• Guerilla warfare in Spain

• Attacked French troops and camps

The Peninsular War

• French slaughtered many innocent civilians to punish the guerillas

• Kept French army pinned down

• Napoleon pulled troops from Spain

Napoleon Dominates Europe

• Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances

• Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled

• Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

Napoleon Dominates Europe

• His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily

• His sisters and stepsons held important positions

Reform of Church State Relations

• Many citizens despised the anti religious nature of the Revolution

• Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope

• Concordat-French citizens were Roman Catholic

Reform of Church Relations

• Recognized the influence of the Catholic Church

• Did not return control over national affairs

Economic Reforms

• Established the Bank of France

• Regulate the economy• Set up efficient tax collection system

• Ensured government would not face hardships

Legal and Educational Reforms

• Created Napoleonic Code-laws uniform across the land

• Eliminated many injustices

• Promoted order and authority over rights

• Freedom of the press was restricted by censors

Legal and Educational Reforms

• Code only applied to male citizens

• Denied rights of women and allowed husbands to have authority over them

• Strong state depended on strong leaders in government and the military

Napoleon’s legacy

• Insured that some basic values and ideas from the revolution remained with government

• Napoleon’s ideas of • Equality before the law• Representative form of

Government• Approved and supported

by Napoleon

Napoleon’s Legacy

• Napoleon’s action spread nationalism

• Nationalism-a sense of identity and unity as a people

• French people developed a new loyalty to France as a whole

• Nationalism spread to the conquered peoples