Nanotechnology&

Application OfNanowires

By- SAQUIB KHANB.TECH.MECHANICAL

First YearINTEGRAL UNIVERSITY

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at the nanometer scale to create novel structures, devices and systems.

Structures (e.g.material

s)

Devices (e.g.

sensors)Systems

(e.g. NEMS)

IFIM

UP

-IN

Nanowires Nanowires are microscopic

wires that have a width measured in nanometers.

1D structures Diameter: 1-100 nanometers (10-9 m) Length: microns (10-6 m) Typical aspect ratios of 1000 or more. Crystal structures close to that

of the bulk material Promising framework for

applying the “bottomup” approach for the design of nanostructures

What Are Nanowires Made of ?

Nanowires are metal just like other, regular wires. The only real difference in concept is their size. They also vary in complexity and uses. While they can do many of the same things, they have many other capabilities beyond those of regular wire.

How are nanowires made ? There are varying methods

used to create nanowires. The most common involve either growing them or using DNA as a template. For the latter method, a solution containing the desired metal is mixed with DNA and then exposed to UV light. When exposed, the metal in the mixture bonds to the DNA and forms a microscopic wire, a nanowire. It’s width is dependent upon how concentrated the solution of the metal is. The more concentrated the metal solution, the wider the nanowire; likewise, the less concentrated, the thinner the wire will be.

What good are nanowires ?Some uses of nanowires include: Data storage/transfer - transfer data up to 1,000 times faster, and

store data for as long as 100,000 years without degradation Batteries/generators - tiny, efficient solar panels, turning light

into energy, able to hold 10 times the charge of existing batteries Transistors LED’s Optoelectronic devices Biochemical sensors Heat-pumping Thermoelectric devices

Nanowires : Applications

Field Effect TransistorsChemical, biological sensorsLogic gates

Magnetic devices

Nanogenerators

Nanowire Batteries

Nanowire Battery Primary vs. Secondary Batteries

Primary batteries are disposable because their electrochemical reaction cannot be reversed.

Secondary batteries are rechargeable, because their electrochemical reaction can be reversed by applying a certain voltage to the battery in the opposite direction of the discharge.

Battery Types

NICKEL-CADIUM (NiCd)

RechargeableMemory Effect

NICKEL-METAL HYDRIDE (NiMH)

RechargeableNo Memory Effect

LITHIUM-ION (Li-ion)

RechargableNo Memory Effect

Economics of Nanowire Batteries Silicon is abundant and cheap

Leverage extensive silicon production infrastructure

Don’t need high purity (expensive) Si Nanowire growth substrate is also current

collector Leads to simpler/easier battery

design/manufacture (one step synthesis) Nanowire growth is mature and

scalable technique J.-G. Zhang et al., “Large-Scale Production of Si-

Nanowires for Lithium Ion Battery Applications” (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

9 sq. mi. factory = batteries for 100,000 cars/day

Why Are Nanowires Batteries Not Being Implemented?

Nanowire are not being heavily manufactured because they are still in the development stage and are only produced in the laboratory.

Until production has been streamlined, made easier and faster, they will not be heavily manufactured for commercial purposes.

Advantages The small NW diameter allows for better

accommodation of the large volume changes without the initiation of fracture that can occur in bulk or micron-sized materials.

NWs have direct 1D electronic pathways allowing for efficient charge transport.

In nanowire electrodes the carriers can move efficiently down the length of each wire.

Nanowires can be grown directly on the metallic current collector.

Protects from explosions. High storage capacity(4200mAh).

Disadvantage

NWs must be assembled into a composite containing conducting carbon and binders to maintain good electronic conduction throughout.

It is expensive. Only anodes are manufactured by

nanowires.

Future scope

In future, ordinary batteries will be replaced by Nanowire based batteries completely.

By the use of Nanowire batteries in future, we can have devices having high battery life.

By invention of some new mechanism and technology , we can get Nanowire batteries have more than 10times the ordinary battery.

Referenceswww.wikipedia.com/nanotechnoloy www.nano.gov/nanotech-101 www.nanotechgroup.orgwww.nano.gov/ you/nanotechnology-nanowireswww.slideshare.netwww.googlescholar.com/ application of nanotechnology www.understandingnano.com/nanowires-applicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NanowireElectrochemical Nanowire Devices for Energy Storage Liqiang Mai, Qiulong Wei, Xiaocong Tian, Yunlong Zhao, and Qinyou An IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014Nanowire Batteries for Next Generation Electronics Candace K. Chan, Stephen T. Connor, Yuan Yang, Ching-Mei Hsu, Robert A. Huggins, and Yi Cui

Thank You…

By- SAQUIB KHAN