PowerPoint Presentation

1 000 m1 000 000 m1 000 000 000 m = 109 m 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 m = 1018 m = 1 Exameter1 Yottameter =1024 m

1 m = distance to your finger tip1 000 m = distance to bridge1 000 000 m = distance to NW territories1 000 000 000 m = twice the distance to moon1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = distance to the star in the constellation1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = size of the universe = # planets in the universe1

0.001 m0.000 001 m0.000 000 001 m = 10-9 m = 1 nanometer = 1 nm

0.001 m = thickness of your nail0.000 001 m = width of a bacterium0.000 000 001 m = width of molecules (DNA)3

Nanotechnology and the CommunityA primer on nanotechnology

The intended message:Nanotechnology will be Pervasive it will affect all sectors of societyPersistent it will be with us foreverPowerful it will be an economic driver globallyFor communities to take advantage of this emerging technology framework will require Planning and that is what the project is all aboutPervasive-Persistent-Powerful

How do we think about a nanometer?

Mt Everest = 8 km on earth

Equivalent to 8x10-3 cm or 8 micrometers on grapefruit Earth is 100 times smoother than a grapefruit

Nanoparticles are seldom spherical and therefore very rough

Seldom all the same size12 cm grapefruit12 000 km Earth1.2 nm gold nanoparticle

1:100 000 0001:100 000 000

How do we think about a nanometer?

1 cm pad of paper1 000 m elevation100 nm cell membrane1:100 0001:100 000

Surface Effects:Nanotechnology what are we talking about?

Material (Intensive) Properties Change:

Melting point - 1064 CSource: K.J. Klabunde, 2001 and M.Meyyappan (2006)

The problem with Oil Sands is tiny solids (clays) in the oilClay Oil Water mix too well

Surface properties lead to an emulsion that will not separate easily heat is needed

Oil GreenSolid RedWater Brown

Small particles will not settle tailing pondshttp://www.nrcan.gc.ca/es/etb/cwrc/English/AST/Teams/Emulsions/emulsions_e.html

Quantum Mechanics tells us:Discrete Energy Levels (Quanta)(think floors of a building)Energy levels depend on size

E

EERR

E1 > E2

1 < 2

Energy Levels Depend on Size(Tall & narrow building orLow & wide building)

Determines: Color of materials - wavelength

Quantum Dots range in size from 1 to 10 nm or more. The change in size different energy levels for the electrons different wavelengths for absorption and emission of light different coloursParticles are from Si, Ge or CdSe. Blue is small Red is largeQuantum Dots are illustrate quantum confinement

www.evidenttech.com1 nm6 nmApplications range from diagnosis (tracers) to solar energy (absorbers)

A simple application of plasmon resonance

The association of the antibody with the antigen causes an aggregation of the gold nanoparticles leading to a shift in the plasmon absorption (red to blue)A neat optical example

Sold in very large numbers as >99% reliable pregnancy test

We have now learned to: visualize

design

and control at the nanoscaleSo why is nanotechnology important now?

Movies

Original_slices.avi .... as acquired 8hrs of data Inner_view_x_rot.avi reconstructed 3D rendering of voids. Processing developed by Martin Kupsta (NINT).

Visualize and control

Visualize-Design-Control

VisualizeDesignControl (cutting)Control (assembly)

Visualize-Design-Control Nanotechnology will be Persistent

remove polymer

immersion in reagents

100 nmVisualizeDesignControl (etching)Control (assembly)

Xerox EA Toner developmentMonomer ........2-10 A Latex Polymer 40 200 nm

Emulsion Polymerization

Pigment

Wax

Coalescence3-7 microns

Toner ParticleHeatingAggregation

Mixing/HeatingShell Latex

(Cross-section)Precision particle design with control of morphology & structure

Toner particles of smaller size, tunable shape, and narrow size distribution

Enviro-friendly toner (less toner per printed page) and toner manufacturing

Courtesy of Hadi Mahabadi, Ex-VP XRCC

Nanomaterials Nano- intermediates Nano-enabled ProductsUnprocessed Nanoscale StructuresIntermediate Productswith integrated Nanoscale FeaturesEnd-User Productsincorporating Nanotechnology nanoparticles nanofibers carbon nanotubes nanowires dendrimers coatings, toners textiles optical components memory chips semiconductor material automobiles clothing, personal care products electronic devices business products pharmaceuticals, plasticsNanomaterials by Design Application-Based Problem SolvingThe Nanotechnology Value ChainCourtesy of Hadi Mahabadi, Ex-VP XRCC

Value Added$$

Markets are growing

http://www.nanotechproject.org/

A variety of sectors already

http://www.nanotechproject.org/

A variety of product types

http://www.nanotechproject.org/

Mostly inert materials

http://www.nanotechproject.org/

Curling Iron

SoapCreamPregnancy Test

Materials of Industrial (and Regulatory) InterestFullerenes (C60)Aluminum OxideSingle Walled Carbon NanotubesCerium OxideMulti Walled Carbon NanotubesZinc OxideSilver NanoparticlesSilicon DioxideIron NanoparticlesPolystyreneCarbon blackDendrimersTitanium DioxideNanoclays

OECD Working Party on Manufactured NanomaterialsPriority Testing List

First Generation: Passive MaterialsComposites, cosmetics, coatings

Second Generation: Active MaterialsCatalysts, memory, antibacterials

Third Generation: Smart (responsive) systemsIntelligent particles, drug delivery

Fourth Generation: Intergrated systemsConvergence of Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno-Technologies (NBIC)Nanotechnology is Pervasive

GMR Nobel Prize Physics 2007Work in 1988

Nanotechnology is PowerfulR&D Funding($M)Venture Capital Investments ($M)SCI Papers (#)Patent Applications(#)Final Product Markets($M)People employed in nanotech(#)World20001,20021018,0851,19730,00060,000200814,0001,40065,00012,776200,000400,000CAGR36%27%17%34%27%27%US20003701705,34240513,00025,00020083,7001,17015,0003,72980,000150,000CAGR33%27%14%32%25%25%

AT THIS RATE OF GROWTH WILL BE A $3T MARKET BY 2020

Regulations

Trade barriers

Public acceptance

Toxicology

Life cycle analysisPlanning is important

Attention to oversight is emerging across the world

Nanotechnology is the inevitable consequence of our quest to miniaturize most technologies will be in nano by 2020 (Ray Kurzweil, Federal S&T Forum, Jan 12, 2005)Nanotechnology is here to stay and will be everywhere

NANOGEARSNANOBEARING

Larry Kapustka

Calgary, Alberta Canada

TAPPIEdmonton, Alberta24 June 2009

TheoreticiansApplied ScientistsEngineers

Business DevelopersMarketersSalesFunding Sources:Academic InstitutionsEntrepreneursEconomic Development Programs

Adapted from Kapustka et al., 2009. Developing an ecological risk framework to assess environmental safety of nanoscale products. In Linkov Steevens J. (eds) Nanotechnology: Risks and Benefits. Springer, The Netherlands.