NanoRobot

Presented By Sweta Leena PandaIIIT BBSR

Overview Nanotechnology Introduction to Robotics Nanorobotics Applications using Nanorobots Fractal Robots Conclusion

Some nanohistory A nanometer is one billionth of a meter

Nanotechnolgy is building machines one atom at a time

First described by Nobel lauriate physicist Richard Feynman

In 1959 he gave  a lecture called "There's plenty of room at the bottom" in which he suggested that the laws of physics would allow people to use small machines to make smaller machines eventually onto the atomic level

The first one to coin the term is K. Eric Drexler, one time student of Feynman's

With the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope, scientists were allowed to not only take photographs of single atoms but also to move atoms one by one.

Introduction to Nanorobotics It deals with the controlled manipulation of objects with

nanometer scale dimensions Nanomanipulation is most effective process. It is concerned with construction and programming of

robots with overall dimensions at the nanoscale.

Continue A nanorobot is a specialized nanomachine. It has dimensions on the order of nanometers. Typically 0.5 to 3 microns large with 1-100 nm parts. The possibility of nanorobots was first proposed by Richard

Feyman in his talk “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” in 1959.

Nanorobotics

It is concerned with atomic and molecular-sized objects and is also called Molecular Robotics.

Nanorobotics research has proceeded along two lines: - first is devoted to simulation with nanoscale dimensions. - second involves manipulation with macroscopic instruments.

NanotechnologyNanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at the molecular level, with the aim of creating new products with atom-by-atom precision.

Two categories of nanotechnology

Strong nanotechnology: It focuses on the general-purpose assembler: a microrobot that, with the proper programming, can build anything.

Weak nanotechnology: It is anything up to "strong," including the manipulation of matter at the atomic level

Applications using Nanorobots To cure skin disease and as cosmetic cream. Can be used a a mouthwash to do all brushing and flossing. Would augment immune system by finding and killing

bacteria and viruses. It would prevent heart attack , kill cancer cells etc. To monitor potentially dangerous microorganisms in the

ocean.

Nanorobots can be used in blood cell to detect pathogens.

Fractal Robots Fractal robot is a new kind of robot made from motorized

cubic bricks that move under computer control. These cubic motorized bricks can be programmed to move

and shuffle themselves to change shape to make objects likes a house potentially in a few seconds because of their motorized internal mechanisms.

Fractal Robots & Nanotechnology Compatible Computers The design of a fractal nanocomputer is not an easy task

using conventional principles. However, using fractal nanotechnology principles, the

exercise reduces to a fairly simple exercise where you build a fractal nanocomputer at the large scale and providing you followed fractal principles, the computer technology scales downward to whatever resolution limit imposed by the technology you are using.

SELF-REPAIR IN FRACTAL ROBOTS. Self repair is an important breakthrough for realizing micro

and nanotechnology related end goals. Three different kinds of self repair -Cube replacement -Usage of plates to construct the cubes. -Using smaller fractal machines to affect self repair inside

large cubes.

Features of fractal robots Communication of Power & Data Internal Battery Technology today Costs - feasible Guaranteed Sales Increased demand

Nanocomputing

Computer technology seems to be where nanotechnology will first be exploited

Computers with circuits that are nothing more than individual atoms would mean processor speeds measured not in megahertz, but in terahertz (million megahertz )

A nanotech computer the size of a current laptop, by some accounts, could conceivably hold as much computing power as now exists on the entire planet

A nanochip is an integrated circuit (IC) that is so small, in physical terms, such that more processing power can fit into a given physical volume, it runs faster and requires less energy

Nanites

A nanite is a mechanical or electromechanical device whose dimensions are measured in nanometers

Nanites could be programmed to replicate themselves, or to work synergistically to build larger machines or to construct nanochips

Challenges in building nanites

Some interesting challenges plague the fabrication of nanites with moving parts

An important challenge to overcome is one of engineering

How to reduce friction and sticking nature of small devices

How to supply power

How would a self-replicating nanite store and use information

How to program nanites

Functioning nanite

In June of 1997 a team of Australian researchers managed to build a functioning nanite, a biosensor

The central component of the device is a tiny electrical switch, an ion-channel, only 1.5 nonometres in size. 

It is used to detect drugs, hormones, viruses, pesticides, gene sequences, drugs, medically-active compounds, and more.

Applications of nanites

Nanites could mean faster computers, less pollutionand cheaper energy

They could produce a stain-resistant trousers, to the most speculative extrapolations, such as self-replicating nanorobots

Nanites could be the factory workers of the future

In the Field of medicine

To cure skin diseases and augment the immune system by hunting down any virus or cancer in the cell

Rapid detection of pathogens by nanosensors swimming in the blood, and immediate response to them via artificial cells

Cell herding devices could restore artery walls and artery linings to health, by ensuring that the right cells and supporting structures are in the right places thus preventing most heart attacks

It is possible to clone body parts and put them into diseased human bodies.

Nanites can be inserted into people to repair aging skin cells or possibly diseased cells or organs.

Nanites can create new sorts of construction materials, chemical compounds, electronics components

They could be used to turn material into food Starvation and illness could quickly come to an end Environmental problems such as ozone depletion and

global warming could be solved

Ongoing Research

Current focus of USC interdisciplinary Laboratory for Molecular Robotics

Development of high-level systems for programming a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) as a sensory robot

Developing and integrating the various component technologies needed for nanomanipulation

A research grant worth $1.5 million from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to create swarms of nanomachines (robots) to monitor ocean

A multidisciplinary team from NorthEastern University, Rutgers, Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories and other universities has been assembled to study the development of protein-based nanorobots.

Collaborators from a federal laboratory (NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and others will provide technical consulting and advising

The long term goal of this project is to develop nanodevices That can manipulate objects in the nanoworld, Transfer information from the nano to the macro world

also be able to travel in the nanoenvironment

Bottom-Up Nanomachines project

This project is funded by the FET - Proactive Initiative 1999 on Nanotechnology Information Devices of the European Union

The objectives of BUN are to design, synthesise, interconnect, assemble and test nanomachines (with critical dimensions well below 1 nm) and circuits to build an information processing machine in a bottom up approach

Dark side of the force Nanites could be used to develop Nanoweapons Governments will not be able to control nanotechnology

development Nanites could be developed that would devour only the organic

components (the soldiers) so a tank can be reused by the enemy side

A doomsday nanite might be programmed to reproduce itself with any and all material it comes into contact with. The Earth would be gone in no time

Conclusion

All of the current developments in technology directs human a step closer to nanorobots production.

Nanorobots can theoretically destroy all common diseases of the 20th century, thereby ending much of the pain and suffering.

Although research into nanorobots is in its preliminary stages, the promise of such technology is endless.

References http://www.cjmag.co.jp/online/0597wnanites.html http://www.imm.org/SciAmDebate2/whitesides.html http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?

document_id=5148 http://www.def-logic.com/articles/nanomachines.html http://www.fractal-robots.com/ http://www.me.cmu.edu/faculty1/sitti/nano/ http://www.links999.net/robotics/robots/

robots_introduction.html http://www.ifr.mavt.ethz.ch/photo/nanorobotics http://www.cheme.cornell.edu/%7Esaltzman/Classes/

ENGRI_120/Research_Papers/paper47.PDF http://www.medicaldesignonline.com/

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