Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
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Transcript of Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
What are nanomaterials?Materials of which at least one dimension is sized between 1-100 nm
Properties of nanomaterials differ significantly from other materials due to
surface area quantum effect
Applications
Cosmetics Pharmaceutics Medicine Electronics Construction Agriculture Energy
Why nanomaterials in drug delivery ?
High surface area bind adsorb carry
Size smaller than cells reach difficult access compartments
High permeability and retention effect (EPR)
administration of genes, proteins target the RE cells passive targeting
wide range of molecules
Nanoscale drug delivery systems
Nanoparticles
Nanoliposomes Dendrimers Polymerics Nanoshells
Fullerenes Nanotubes Nanopores Quantum Dots
Application of nanoscale delivery systems
Liposomes Consist of an aqueous core surrounded by a lipid bilayer
New generation liposomes can also be formed from polymers ( polymersomes)
Ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules
Benefits and limitations depend on physical and colloidal characteristics
phosphatdyl-ethanolamine
phosphatdyl-serine
phosphatdyl-choline
core
cholesterol
sphingomyelin
How to prepare liposomes? Different preparation methods
Mechanical agitation
Solvent evaporation
Solvent injection
Solubilization method
Parameters to consider during the preparation method selection
Characteristics of the material to be entrapped Dispersion medium Concentration of the encapsulated material Optimum size Polydispersivity Shelf-life
Drug loading
Hydrophobic molecules
Remain in the liposome bilayer High encapsulation efficiency
Hydrophilic molecules
Entrapped in the core Low encapsulation efficiency difficult to diffuse in and out Influence of pH
DoxorubicinPaclitaxel Prednisolone
Clinical applications Drug / protein delivery vehicles
Controlled and sustained release in situ Enhanced drug solubilization Enzyme replacement therapy Altered pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution
Antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal therapy
Cancer therapy Carrier of small cytotoxic molecules Vehicle for macromolecules as cytokines and genes
Stability in physiological fluids represents the main problem!!!!!
NEW liposomes generation
Conclusions
Development of nano-carriers is bringing lots of hope and enthusiasm in the drug delivery research
Improve therapeutic efficiency
Enhance selectivity
Reduction of side effects
Ameliorate the patients quality of life