NANOBOTS IN MEDICINE - IRJCS - International Research ... · It is used in treatment of Anemia,...

International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842 Issue 10, Volume 4 (October 2017) www.irjcs.com

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NANOBOTS IN MEDICINE

Mrs.D.Dhanalakshmi, Assistant Professor & HOD,

Mrs.S.Haseena, Assistant Professor & HOD

Muthayammal Memorial College of Arts and Science, Kakkaveri.

Manuscript History Number: IRJCS/RS/Vol.04/Issue10/OCCS10083 DOI: 10.26562/IRJCS.2017.OCCS10083 Received: 08, September 2017 Final Correction: 23, September 2017 Final Accepted: 02, October 2017 Published: October 2017 Citation: D.Dhanalakshmi, and S.Haseena. Research report, Issue X. Muthayammal Memorial College of Arts and Science, Kakkaveri., IRJCS,(October 2017) Editor: Dr.A.Arul L.S, Chief Editor, IRJCS, AM Publications, India Copyright: ©2017 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Abstract-- Nanobots is an emerging field of Nanotechology which deals with design and construction of devices at an atomic, molecular or cellular level. These Nanobots will be extremely small and transverse inside the human body. As these Nanobots would have special sensors to detect the target molecules and treat various vital diseases. It is used in treatment of Anemia, Cancer, AIDS, Heart Attack, Kidney Stones, etc., This paper will look at how the recent advancements in Nanobots in vital deseases to treat Cancer and AIDS.

I. INTRODUCTION

Nanobots are incredibly tiny robots, down at macroscopic scales. The name comes from a combination of Nanometer (i.e, the atomic level) which is one billionth of a meter (10 -9 m). Molecular Robotics falls within the purview of Nanotechnology, which is the study of phenomena and structures with characteristic dimensions in the nanometer range. The birth of Nanotechnology is usually associated with a talk by Nobel-prize winner Richard Feynman entitled "There is plenty of room at the bottom", whose text may be found in [Crandall & Lewis 1992]. Nanotechnology has the potential for major scientific and practical breakthroughs. Future applications ranging from very fast computers to self-replicating robots are described in Drexler's seminal book [Drexler 1986]. There is no technology for the treatment of AIDS. Some of the drugs of specific composition are given to the patients depending on the intensity of the disease. The drugs using now a days are able to increase the lifetime to a few years only. A team of scientists from Israel’s Bar-Ilan University started human trials including drug-delivering nanorobots in early 2016. The bots are made of the specially folded DNA that serves as a vessel for cancer-treating drugs. Unlike chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which cause damage to healthy and cancerous cells alike, DNA nanorobots attack selectively and precisely. The alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer, establishment by U.S. National Cancer Institute, is fostering innovation and collaboration among researchers to resolve some of the major challenges in the application of Nanotechnology to Cancer.

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1.1 MEDICINAL NANOROBOT Nanorobots(Fig(1)) are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers (1 nm equals one millionth of a millimeter). When fully realized from the hypothetical stage, they would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to perform tasks in both the medical and industrial fields that have heretofore been the stuff of science fiction Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded. Glucose or natural body sugars and oxygen might be a source for propulsion, and the nanorobot will have other biochemical or molecular parts depending on its task.

Fig (1) Nanobots model

1.1.2 ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

Basic Research • Molecular Biology • Genetics • Proteomics • Systems Biology Nanotechnology • Nanomanufacturing • Nanoimaging • Nanosensing • Nanomanipulation • Computational Tools., etc., Biomedical Devices • Tissue Regeneration • Drug Delivery • In-vitro Diagnostics • Implantable Devices • Smart Nanoparticles • NanoRobotics., etc., Translational Research • Cancer • AIDS • Brain • Heart etc.,

1.2 CREATION OF NANO DEVICES: The creation of the nano devices can be done using any of the two techniques that are available. They are * Top-down approach * Bottom-up approach





II. DESIGN OF NANOROBOTS IN AIDS TREATMENT

The nanorobots that we describe here, will be floating freely inside the body exploring and detect the HIV virus. So, while designing such a nanorobot for AIDS treatment, the main factors that are to be considered are given below TECHNIQUE USED: We use the bottom-up approach, which involves assembling structures atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule which will be useful in manufacturing devices used in medicine. SIZE: Nanorobots will typically be .5 to 3 microns large with 1-100 nm parts. Three microns is the upper limit of any nanorobot because nanorobots of larger size will block capillary flow. STRUCTURE: The nanorobot’s structure will have two spaces that are Interior: It will be a closed, vacuum environment into which liquids from the outside cannot normally enter unless it is needed for chemical analysis. Exterior: It will be subjected to various chemical liquids in our bodies.

III. NANOROBOTS IN CANCER DETECTION AND TREATMENT

Cancer-fighting nanobot that, once inside the body, cold navigate its way specifically to a tumer to deliver a chemotherapeutic drug locally, all the while evading the body’s immune defenses. In principle, receptors molecules on the surface of the particles can make them accumulate inside targeted tissues such as tumors, where they can spill out payloads of drugs that might be harmful to other tissues. Keeping the particles extremely small also ought to keep them out of the size of the macrophages and other immune cells that sweep up unwanted debris. Below figure shows the inner structure of Nano robotes to identify blood cells (Fig(2)).

Fig(2) Full View of Nanorobots kit

Fig(3) Nano robots destroying cancer cells

This figure shows, how to detect the tumors and also how it destroys the tumor.





VI. APPLICATIONS OF NANOROBOTS CANCER TREATMENT BREAKING KIDNEY STONES BREAKING CLOTS IN BLOOD(HIV) PARASITE REMOVAL CLEANING WOUNDS NANOROBOTICS IN GENE THERAPY NANOROBOTICS IN SURGERY 4.1. ADVANTAGES: The currently available drugs can increase the patient’s life to a few years only, so the invention of this

nanorobot will make the patients to get rid of the disease. As the nanorobot do not generate any harmful activities there is no side effect. It operates at specific site

only. The initial cost of development is only high but the manufacturing by batch processing reduces the cost.

4.2. DISADVANTAGES: The nanorobot should be very accurate, otherwise harmful effects may occur. The initial design cost is very high. The design of this nanorobot is a very complicated one

V. CONCLUSION

Recent advancement in the field of Nanorobotics gives the hope of the effective use of the technology in medical field. Thus in future nanorobots will play an important role in both biological and technological field. Thus the nanorobots in the future will be developed to cure HIV. Nanorobots are the only field that as the capability of doing thing in invisible range. Cancer takes the first place in the research due to its effect of human life and its cost to the economy. So, a study on different approaches was presented that has to be employed towards cancer treatment using nanorobots. Thereby, this review focused on recent advances and technology development of nanorobots harvesting specifically for Drug Delivery Systems application for treatment of cancer. Recent advancement in the nanotechnology lead to this nanorobot, and it will lead to cancerless future.

REFERENCES

1. Bodian D & Howe H A (1941). The rate of progression of virus in nerves 2. Molecular Biology of the cell by Bruce Alerts 3. K.Eric drexler , “Nanotechnology summary” 4. Arthur Guyton , “Textbook of medical physiology” 5. M. Venkatesan, B. Jolad, Journal of Nanorobots in Cancer Treatment, IEEE 2010. 6. R. Hariharan, J. Manohar, Journal of Nanorobotics as Medicament, IEEE 2010. 7. Adriano Cavalcanti,Bijan Shirinzadeh journal of Nanorobots for Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery, IEEE ICIS 2007. 8. Journal of a New Method for Treating Cancer, by Brandon Tomlin. 9. A.P. Nikalje, “Nanotechnology and its Applications in Medicine”, Medicinal Chemistry, 2015. 10. Nanotechnology for cancer treatment William H. Gmeiner* and Supratim Ghosh


NANOBOTS IN MEDICINE - IRJCS - International Research ... · It is used in treatment of Anemia,...

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