Namur, 22 sept. 2016 Opportunities and Constraints for Farming … · 2016-09-19 · Opportunities...
Transcript of Namur, 22 sept. 2016 Opportunities and Constraints for Farming … · 2016-09-19 · Opportunities...
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Opportunities and Constraints for Farming INSECTS to feed livestock and pet animals:
a global overview
Namur, 22 sept. 2016
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Overview / Summary
1. Context and Drivers in the global Food and Feed supply:
The (animal!) Protein crunch
2. Protein Alternatives? and Why Insects ? Most suitable alternative, globally
3. What’s going on: Fast unfolding sector (FEED)
FAO’s role: Info sharing, research, consumer acceptance and policy/regulation development
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1. Global FOOD & FEED production
• FOOD for direct human consumption, including food ingredients like colorants, flavours, flagrances, spices, thickeners, etc:
8.4 b tons (fresh)/year (source FAOSTAT 2015)
• FEED for our animals (feed, fodder, ingredients,…) 1. Livestock, farmed animals for human consumption 2. Pet animals (cat, dogs, race horses, zoo animals,…..):
6.4 b tons dry matter/year (source GLEAM 2014)
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What food ? 8.4 billion tons (FAO, 2015)
Animal ( b$ / mTons)
• Milk 226 / 723 • Meat:
– Cattle 169 / 62 – Pig 169 / 109 – Chicken 132 / 93
• Eggs 55 / 66 (751b$) ................ By 2050: 70% more
Vegetal (b$ / mTons)
• Rice 186 / 738 • Wheat 79 / 671 • Soy 61 / 241 • Tomato 59 / 161 • Sugarcane 58 / 1842 • Corn 54 / 873 • Potatoes 49 / 365 • Vegetables 46 / 270 • Fruits (4) 122 / 186 • Cassava 25 / 269 (739b$) By 2050: 50% more
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What FEED ?
SOY
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OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2015-2024
Soy Corn mainly
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To feed the WORLD in 2016 Global food/feed production requires: • 40% of world ice-free land surface is for
AGRICULTURE (forest: 30%; deserts-mountains:25; wetlands,urban,....
• 70% of total agriculture land use is for feeding livestock
• 1/3 of all grains fed to animals (Soy:80%/Corn:50%)
• 70% of total fresh water use is for agriculture • 110 million tons of chemical fertilizer • 2,3 million tons of pesticides (1/3 glyphosates!)
• 14 a 17% of total GHG emissions (65% CATTLE!)
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Pressure: more PROTEIN !
Per capita consumption increase of major food items in developing countries
(1961-2005) → increasing demand for meat and other animals products
FAO, 2009
eggs x 5
meat x 3
milk x 2
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In 2016
Close to 800 million tonnes of cereals (1/3 cereal production)
By 2050
an additional 520 million tonnes (1/2 cereal production)
To feed our animals
Monogastric sector (chickens, pigs, aquaculture,.) 2013: Consumed 155 million tonnes of feed protein (mainly Soy)
By 2050: Additional 110 million tonnes of feed protein (50% from
cereals/soy and rest from alternative protein sources)
In 2013
110 million tonnes of course grains used for bioethanol
FOOD - FEED - ENERGY (+bioplastics) COMPETION 60% 30% 10%
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2. Protein alternatives
• Capture more out of oceans: Medusae, Jelly fish, krill,... • Farming the sea: macro, micro Algae (Spirula – High tech) • Artificial proteins: meat (120.000$/kg), synthetic AAs (6-16
$/kg) • More out of Agro-industry processing byproducts: mais gluten,
brewers grains, yeasts, potato protein concentrate, ... • Farming more plant protein sources: oil seeds; legumes,
forages, duck weed, trees (Moringa leaves),.......
Compete for land, water, fertilizers, farm inputs OR High capital/tech (spirula)
potential: regional- niche markets
in addition to improve existing protein production and consumption practices
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Why Insects ?
• Food for 2 b people + natural feed of chickens, carnivore fish, pigs,... • Good proteins, fats, minerals, + micro nutrients • Feed conversion efficiency: 4x cattle • Can be Fed with organic waste, not competing with foods for humans • Fast breeding cycle (days to 1 month) • Less water, land, CHG,.. • Socially more inclusive – easy to farm, no need for huge investment or
“high tech” skills • Opportunities for business and jobs at any level, everywhere • May help reduce use of antibiotics in feed...... • Global market potential........
“one stone....many birds”
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Key messages: Insects are
1. Healthy and Nutritious (food/feed)
2. Environmentally more friendly (climate change, waste recycling, protein/meat prod…..)
3. Socially more accessible
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Insects are Socially more accessible Farming insects does NOT require high investments
Knowledge – Capital - Land - Resources :
• also possible for the poor to farm insects, improve their diets and gain cash income
• Farming insects is possible at any scale of commercial undertaking , everywhere around the world and during the full year.
• Good for the local economy
and jobs for the young !
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Insects ? YES !!!! , but…… • Biggest challenges:
1. Yuck factor: more for food than for feed !
2. Legal framework (in progress: US, EU (Novel
Food, fish feed), CH, China, Thailand, RSA, Mexico, South Korea,…….)
3. Use of “Waste” to feed insects (Tech + Legal)
4. Product innovation and scaling up ………no validated production and trade data by countries available!
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Insects as animal feed
• Chicken feed:
Silk worm pupae: from Europe to China
Termites: Africa, Laos,
• Fish feed: # species
Traditional, artisanal uses
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Farming - Substrate Wide variety of organic materials :
– # insect species
– Species have specific feed requirements
– sequential species on same substrate + interaction with others: earthworms, nemathods, fungi, yeasts, bacteria..
• Competing with the human \ farm animal food chain: for example rearing crickets with commercial chicken feed [EU Cat. 3 Catalogue Feed materials]
• Not Competing: low value rest streams, for example: food waste, manure.
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Black Soldier Fly larvae production www.millibeter.be Belgium
Supermarket waste 1 ton fresh vegetables
(13 % Dry Matter)
~1 Million BSF eggs
17 days @ 25°C
Frass
100 kg fresh (70% DM)
Larvae 160 kg fresh (~40% DM)
- Protein (30 kg)
- Lipids (24 kg)
- Chitosan (5 kg)
62 Kg dry
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Alicante, Spain
100 Kg brewery waste 0,4 kg seed larvae
10 days 25ºC
33 kg fertilizer
Bio digester
33 kg larval biomass 12 kg fly meal
Black Soldier Fly larvae production
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Examples from around the world
Global stakeholders: 1000+… and fast increasing !
http://www.fao.org/edibleinsects/stakeholder-directory/en/
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Way Forward
• Improve and focus awareness (Media, sectors: food, feed,... ....
• Events, projects, gastronomy... Consumer acceptance
• Increase knowledge generation, dissemination, networking.... (incl. protection of (indigenous) knowledge, nutrition data,
environmental benefits, LCA, socio-economic contribution, jobs, ....
• Legislation and regulatory frameworks (food, feed,
waste management, insect inclusive nature conservation strategies, habitat protection, gathering, processing, trade, consumer protection, health, ..... (Codex Alimentarius)
• Economic’s and technology: reduce costs, improve efficiencies,
automation, business innovation and new products, .......
help structuring this emerging sector (organizing expert meetings – Chiang Mai 2008, Rome 2012, International Conferences – Wageningen 2014 , info sharing and networking, Best Practices and Codex Alimentarious)
Academia
Policy makers
Private sector
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Conclusions
• Animal feed key challence: reliable protein supply
• Insects already used/allowed: legally allowed for petfood, traditional feed uses for fish, chickens
• Potential farming insects: solving 2 problems simultaneously – waste disposal + protein prod.
• Constraints: legal (safe), technology and logistics
• FAO support: pets OK, phased approach in approving various substrates for food/feed
• Fast expanding markets: USA/China/Europe Africa
• < 5 Species: Fly larvae (BSF,house fly), mealworms,.
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Many Thanks
http://www.fao.org/edibleinsects/en/