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Naming IonsNaming Ions
What’s in a name?What’s in a name?
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Romeo & JulietRomeo & Julietby William Shakespeareby William Shakespeare• “What’s in a name?What’s in a name? That which we call a
rose/By any other name would smell as sweet.”• In Spanish rosa• In Arabic warda• In Hindi julab• To truly know a culture you need to know its To truly know a culture you need to know its
language.language.• Same for chemistrySame for chemistry. You must know the
language of chemistry to understand its culture.
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An ion An ion comprised comprised
of a single atomof a single atom(i.e. Ca(i.e. Ca2+2+, Cl, Cl--))
Monatomic Ion
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An ion with a An ion with a POSITIVEPOSITIVEchargecharge
CATION
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Positive/Negative ChargesPositive/Negative Charges
• Remember that the natural statenatural state of an atom is neutralneutral. The number of protons and electrons are equal.
• Ionic charge is based on the shape of the shape of the outer most orbitalouter most orbital dealing with the valance electrons. NOTNOT the balance of protons and electrons.
• This is counterintuitive.This is counterintuitive.
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Key IdeaKey Idea
• When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, & 3AGroups 1A, 2A, & 3A lose electronslose electrons, they form cationscations with positive chargespositive charges equal to their group number.
• To name the metals in this Group say the the name of the elementname of the element and addadd the word ionion (or cation) to the name.
• Ex. NaEx. Na++ = sodium ion = sodium ion
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An ion with a An ion with a NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
chargecharge
ANION
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Key IdeaKey Idea
• When the nonmetals in Groups 5A, 6A, & Groups 5A, 6A, & 7A7A gain electronsgain electrons, they form anionsanions with negative chargesnegative charges.
• The charge for any ion of this Group is determined by subtracting 8 from the subtracting 8 from the group numbergroup number.
• To name the nonmetals in this Group start with the stem of the element name and the stem of the element name and add add –ide–ide..
• Ex. PEx. P3-3- = phosphide ion = phosphide ion
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Quick Chart: table 9.1 pg. 254Quick Chart: table 9.1 pg. 254
1A1A 2A2A 3A3A 4A4A 5A5A 6A6A 7A7A 8A8A
LiLi++ BeBe2+2+ NN3-3- OO2-2- FF--
NaNa++ MgMg2+2+ Al Al 3+3+ PP3-3- SS2-2- ClCl--
KK++ CaCa2+2+ AsAs3-3- SeSe2-2- BrBr--
RbRb++ SrSr2+2+ II--
CsCs++ BaBa2+2+
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Quick Quiz: Monatomic IonsQuick Quiz: Monatomic Ions
• What are the names for each of the What are the names for each of the following?following?
• A) LiA) Li++
• B) MgB) Mg2+2+
• C) SrC) Sr2+2+
• D) OD) O2-2-
• E) AsE) As3-3-
• F) IF) I--
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Quick Quiz: AnswersQuick Quiz: Answers
• What are the names for each of the What are the names for each of the following? What are there charges?following? What are there charges?
• A) LiA) Li++ lithium cationlithium cation
• B) MgB) Mg2+2+ magnesium cationmagnesium cation
• C) SrC) Sr2+2+ strontium cationstrontium cation
• D) OD) O2-2- oxide anionoxide anion
• E) AsE) As3-3- arsenide anionarsenide anion
• F) IF) I-- iodide anioniodide anion
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Ions of Transition MetalsIons of Transition Metals• Includes Groups 1B-8BGroups 1B-8B• Form more than onemore than one cationcation with differentdifferent
charges.• Must be determined from the number of
electrons lostelectrons lost.• Two methods of naming:
– Stock nameStock name uses Roman numerals in parentheses. (Ex. Fe2+ = Iron (II) ion)
– Classical nameClassical name uses suffix –ous for lower ionic charge and –ic for higher ionic charge. (Ex. Fe2+ = Ferrous ion and Fe3+ = Ferric ion)
• See pg. 255 Table 9.2 for more examplesSee pg. 255 Table 9.2 for more examples
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Transitional Metals with only 1 Transitional Metals with only 1 charge.charge.• AgAg++ silversilver
• CdCd2+2+ cadmiumcadmium
• ZnZn2+2+ zinczinc
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Quick Quiz: Transitional metal ionsQuick Quiz: Transitional metal ions
• Give the name or the symbol for each of Give the name or the symbol for each of the following:the following:
A.A. CoCo2+2+
B.B. CoCo3+3+
C.C. Tin (II) ionTin (II) ionD.D. Tin (IV) ionTin (IV) ionE.E. Manganous ionManganous ionF.F. Manganic ionManganic ion
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Quick Quiz: AnswersQuick Quiz: Answers
• Give the name or the symbol for each of Give the name or the symbol for each of the following:the following:
A.A. CoCo2+2+ Cobalt (II) ion or Cobaltous ionCobalt (II) ion or Cobaltous ionB.B. CoCo3+3+ Cobalt (III) ion or Cobaltic ionCobalt (III) ion or Cobaltic ionC.C. Tin (II) ionTin (II) ionSnSn2+2+
D.D. Tin (IV) ionTin (IV) ion SnSn4+4+
E.E. Manganous ionManganous ion MnMn2+2+
F.F. Manganic ionManganic ion MnMn3+3+
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An ionAn ionmade up of made up of two or moretwo or more
atomsatoms(i.e. SO(i.e. SO44
2-2-))
Polyatomic Ion
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Key IdeaKey Idea
• The names of most polyatomic anionsanions end in end in –ite–ite or or –ate–ate.
• The positively charged ammonium cationcation ends in –ium.–ium.
• CNCN- - & OH& OH-- end in –ide.
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EndingsEndings
Notice that the Notice that the charges don’t changecharges don’t change. . Also, prefixes and endings do Also, prefixes and endings do NOTNOT tell you the actual tell you the actual number of oxygen atoms.number of oxygen atoms.
• ate = base unitate = base unit• Ex. Sulfate SOEx. Sulfate SO44
-2-2 • per = add one oxygen
• Ex. Persulfate SO5-2
• ite = subtract one oxygen • Ex. Sulfite SO3
-2
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MemorizeMemorize
• If you remember the previous rule If you remember the previous rule then all you have to memorize is then all you have to memorize is
the the -ate-ate endings only. endings only.
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substance substance formed formed
when two ions when two ions bond togetherbond together
Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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How do you How do you write ionic write ionic
compounds?compounds?
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Kris Kross Method!Kris Kross Method!
CaCa33AsAs22
CaCa2+2+AsAs3-3-
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Just kris kross the Just kris kross the positive and the positive and the negative chargesnegative charges(LCM)(LCM)
NaClNaClPbPb4+4+OO2-2- PbOPbO22
NaNa1+1+ClCl1-1-
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Which charge Which charge ALWAYS ALWAYS
comes first?comes first?POSITIVE!!POSITIVE!!!!
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How to How to Name Ionic Name Ionic FormulasFormulas
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Compound made Compound made up of only two up of only two
elementselements
Binary CompoundBinary Compound
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1)1) Write the name Write the name of the cationof the cation
Naming Binary Formulas:Naming Binary Formulas:
2) Write the name of the anion (-ide ending)
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1)1) Write the name Write the name
of the cationof the cation
Naming Other Ionic Naming Other Ionic Compounds:Compounds:
2) Write the name of the anion (that’s it!)
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Don’t be confusedDon’t be confused
+ and +1
both mean the same thing.
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Know the differenceKnow the difference
• Oxidation state and Charge
• Li+ and NO2-1
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Work in groups on the practice problems sheet for section 9.1 & 9.2Work in groups on the practice problems sheet for section 9.1 & 9.2
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Naming Binary Molecular Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsCompounds• Defined as a compound composed of two
nonmetals.• The prefix in the name tells how many atoms of
each element are present in each molecule of the compound.
• The names of all binary molecular compounds end in –ide.
• The vowel at the end of a prefix is dropped when the name of the element begins with a vowel. (Ex. Carbon monoxide, not carbon monooxide.)
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Quick Chart: Binary Molecular Quick Chart: Binary Molecular CompoundsCompounds
PrefixPrefix MonoMono DiDi TriTri TetraTetra PentaPenta HexaHexa HeptaHepta OctaOcta NonaNona DecaDeca
NumberNumber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Table 9.4 pg. 269Table 9.4 pg. 269
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Guidelines for NamingGuidelines for Naming• Confirm Confirm that the compound is a binary
molecualr compound.• The name must identify the elements in the
molecule and indicate the number of each atom of each element.
• Name the elements in the order listed in the formula.
• Use prefixes to indicate the number of each kind of atom.
• If just one atom of the first element is in the formula omit the prefix mono.
• Add –ide to the suffix of the second element.
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Name the following:Name the following:• N2O• SF6
• Cl2O8
• CS2
• AsCl5• PBr5
• P4S3
• S2Cl2• IF7
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Answers to the following:Answers to the following:
• N2O = dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide• SF6 = sulfur hexafluoridesulfur hexafluoride• Cl2O8 = dichlorine octoxidedichlorine octoxide• CS2 = carbon disulfidecarbon disulfide• AsCl5 = arsenic pentachloridearsenic pentachloride• PBr5 = phosphorus pentabromidephosphorus pentabromide• P4S3 = tetraphosphorus trisulfidetetraphosphorus trisulfide• S2Cl2 = disulfur dichloridedisulfur dichloride• IF7 = iodine heptafluorideiodine heptafluoride
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Give the formula for the following:Give the formula for the following:
• Phosphorous pentachloride
• carbon tetracholoride
• Nitrogen dioxide
• Dinitrogen difluoride
• Tetraphosphorous hexoxide
• Xenon difluoride
• Silicon dioxide
• Dicholorine heptoxide
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Answers for the following:Answers for the following:
• Phosphorous pentachloride PClPCl55
• carbon tetrachloride CClCCl44
• Nitrogen dioxide NONO22
• Dinitrogen difluoride NN22FF22
• Tetraphosphorous hexoxide PP44OO66
• Xenon difluoride XeFXeF22
• Silicon dioxide SiOSiO22
• Dicholorine heptoxide ClCl22OO77