Naming Ionic Compounds Metals Joining with Nonmetals or Polyatomics.
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Transcript of Naming Ionic Compounds Metals Joining with Nonmetals or Polyatomics.
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Naming Ionic Compounds
Metals Joining with Nonmetals or Polyatomics
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Ionic Compounds• Positive Ion is called a CATION. They are metals.
• Negative Ion is called an ANION. They are non-metals.
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Give the names of the following ions:
Ba2+ Al3+ K+
_________ __________ _________
N3 O2 F
_________ __________ _________
P3 S2 Cl
_________ __________ _________
Learning Check
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Ionic Compounds• Notice the cross
over of Charges• The Cation is
always written FIRST, Anion Second.
• Ionic compounds are made up of metals and non-metals, the metal is written FIRST.
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Formation of Ionic Compounds
Crossing Rule
Ca+2 + Cl-1 CaCl2
But you MUST make sure to check to see if the whole number ratios canbe REDUCED. If they can, you must reduce them.
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Example of reducing:• Cr4+ O2-
• If you just cross you get Cr2O4 but this would NOT be the correct formula for chromium (IV) oxide.
• The correct formula is CrO2
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Naming Rules• Step 1: The name of the metal is written first, the
same way it is written on the periodic table• Step 2: Write the name of non-metal second, BUT
change the ending of the element to –ide.• Step 3: Remember the crossing rule and
remember to reduce!
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Formula Ions Name Cation Anion
NaCl Na+ Cl– sodium chloride
K2S K+ S2– potassium sulfide
MgO Mg2+ O2– magnesium oxide
CaI2 Ca2+ I– calcium iodide
Al2O3 Al3+ S2– aluminum sulfide
Examples of Ionic Compounds with
Two Elements
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Multiple Ionic Charges & Names
• Some Transition metals can have more than one charge and therefore more than one name.
Element name Symbol
Ionic Charges
Roman numeral
Copper Cu +1, +2 I, II
Iron Fe +2, +3 II, III
Lead Pb +2, +4 II, IV
Tin Sn +2, +4 II, IV
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How do I know if a metal is multi-valanced
(mulitiple ionic charges)?
• Look at you table of ions!
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Transition Metals Form Positive
IonsMost transition metals and Group 4(14) metals, Form 2 or more positive ions Zn2+, Ag+, and Cd2+ form only one ion.
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When writing the names
• Write the name of the element followed by the Roman numeral.
• EX: Cu2+ is written Copper(II)• So, what is the name of Fe3+ ?• How would you write the name of PbCl4?
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Metals with Variable Charge
The names of transitionmetals with two or morepositive ions (cations) use aRoman numeral after thename of the metal to identifyionic charge.
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Examples of Names of Compounds
with Variable Charge Metals
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Naming FeCl2
STEP 1 Determine the charge of the cation from the anion.
Fe ion + 2 Cl– = Fe ion + 2– = 0
Fe ion = 2+ = Fe2+
STEP 2 Name the cation by the element name, and use a Roman numeral to show its charge.
Fe2+ = iron(II)
STEP 3 Write the anion with an ide ending. chloride
STEP 4 Name the cation first, then the anion.
iron(II) chloride
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Naming Cr2O3
STEP 1 Determine the charge of cation from the anion. 2Cr ions + 3O2– = 2Cr ions + 3(2–)
= 2Cr ions + 6– = 0
2Cr ions = 6+ Cr ion = 3+ = Cr3+
STEP 2 Name the cation by the element name, and use a Roman numeral to show its charge.
Cr3+ = chromium(III)
STEP 3 Write the anion with an ide ending. oxide
STEP 4 Name the cation first, then the anion.
chromium (III) oxide
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Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
What is a polyatomic ion?Polyatomic ions: groups of atoms that tend to stay together and carry an overall ionic charge. They still need two parts!
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Table of Common Polyatomic
IonsName of polyatomicion
Ion fomula Ionic Charge
Nitrate NO3- -1
Hydroxide OH- -1
Bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate)
HCO3- -1
Chlorate ClO3- -1
Carbonate CO3-2 -2
Sulfate SO4-2 -2
Phosphate PO4-3 -3
Ammonium NH4+ +1
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Polyatomic Compound Formulas
• Formulas for polyatomic compounds is determined the same way as ionic compounds. Cation first, Anion second, cross over rule
• But… brackets may be required!!!
Al+3 + CO3-
2
Al2(CO3
)
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Ammonium Ion• The only positively charged polyatomic ion.
• NH4+ ammonium ion
• Ammonium nitrate : ammonium ion NH4+
nitrate ion NO3-
• NH4NO3
• Because this ion has a positive charge, it WILL come first.
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Naming Polyatomic Compounds
• Step 1: Write the name of the metal first.
• Step 2: Write the name of the polyatomic ion second.
• NaH2CO3
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate
NOT sodium hydrogen carbon oxide!!!!!!!
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Hydrates
A hydrate is a compound that has a specific number of water molecules within its solid structure.
For example, in its normal state, copper(II) sulfate has five water molecules associated with it.
Systematic name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrateFormula: Cu(SO)4 ∙ 5H2O
Some other hydrates areBaCl2 ∙ 2H2OLiCl ∙ H2OMgSO4 ∙ 7H2OSr(NO3)2 ∙ 4H2O
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Hydrates
When the water molecules are driven off by heating, the resulting compound, Cu(SO)4, is sometimes called anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
Anhydrous means the compound no longer has water molecules associated with it.
Pg 89
The Hydrate of coppersulfate is the pentahydrate,and the anhydrous coppersulfate will absorb water to form the Hydrate.
CuSO4 5 H2O.
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Familiar Inorganic Compounds