Naming Chemical Naming Chemical CompoundsCompounds

Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds An An ionic compoundionic compound is a compound that is is a compound that is

formed when a positive ion and a negative ion formed when a positive ion and a negative ion coming together and stick together because of coming together and stick together because of their opposite charges.their opposite charges.

Remember – ions are atoms that carry a charge Remember – ions are atoms that carry a charge because they have lost or gained electrons.because they have lost or gained electrons.

Metals will lose their electrons (wimps) and form Metals will lose their electrons (wimps) and form positive ions.positive ions.

Nonmetals will gain electrons (bullies) and form Nonmetals will gain electrons (bullies) and form negative ions.negative ions.

All stable ions are “noble” – they will have a full All stable ions are “noble” – they will have a full outer electron shell.outer electron shell.

Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds All compounds have a first and last name All compounds have a first and last name

just like you – ionic compounds are no just like you – ionic compounds are no different…different…

The The first namefirst name is the name of the positive is the name of the positive ion – usually the ion – usually the metalmetal..

The The second namesecond name is the name of the is the name of the negative ion – usually the negative ion – usually the nonmetalnonmetal – only it – only it has been has been shortenedshortened and given an and given an “IDE” “IDE” endingending..

Overall – it kinds looks like this…Overall – it kinds looks like this…MetalMetal nonmetidenonmetide

Example: Example: CaClCaCl22 & K & K22OOCalcium chloride & Potassium oxideCalcium chloride & Potassium oxide

Compounds With Shifty Compounds With Shifty MetalsMetals

There are several metals on the periodic table that are There are several metals on the periodic table that are “shifty”. They are capable of having more than one “shifty”. They are capable of having more than one ionic charge. Of course, being metals, this charge is ionic charge. Of course, being metals, this charge is positive.positive.

These metals are:These metals are:– Copper – Cu – I & IICopper – Cu – I & II– Iron – Fe – II & IIIIron – Fe – II & III– Lead – Pb – II & IVLead – Pb – II & IV– Tin – Sn – II & IVTin – Sn – II & IV

When naming a compound, these metals must be When naming a compound, these metals must be identified not only with their name but with their identified not only with their name but with their charge.charge.

The formulas of compounds that include these “shifty” The formulas of compounds that include these “shifty” metals do not have any Roman numerals in them.metals do not have any Roman numerals in them.

Naming Ionic Compounds With Naming Ionic Compounds With “Shifty” Metals“Shifty” Metals

These too, have a first and last name.These too, have a first and last name. The The first namefirst name is the name of the is the name of the metalmetal. .

This name is This name is followed by a Roman followed by a Roman numeralnumeral in brackets – just to show what form in brackets – just to show what form of the “shifty” metal it is.of the “shifty” metal it is.

The The second namesecond name is the name of the is the name of the nonmetalnonmetal – – shortenedshortened with the with the “IDE” “IDE” endingending..

Example: Example: CuCu33N & SnON & SnO22

Copper (I) nitride & Tin (IV) oxideCopper (I) nitride & Tin (IV) oxide

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

A A polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion is a is a cluster of atoms that cluster of atoms that travel together as a travel together as a single unit that carries single unit that carries an overall charge.an overall charge.

Many of the Many of the polyatomic ions are polyatomic ions are negatively charged so negatively charged so when they are in an when they are in an ionic compound they ionic compound they replace the nonmetal.replace the nonmetal.

The polyatomic ions you The polyatomic ions you need to know are:need to know are:

Name (formula) Name (formula) chargecharge

– Hydroxide (OH)Hydroxide (OH)1-1-

– Nitrate (NONitrate (NO33))1-1-

– Chlorate (ClOChlorate (ClO33))1-1-

– Bicarbonate (HCOBicarbonate (HCO33))1-1-

– Carbonate (COCarbonate (CO33))2-2-

– Sulfate (SOSulfate (SO44))2-2-

– Phosphate (POPhosphate (PO44))3-3-

– Ammonium (NHAmmonium (NH44))1+1+

Naming Polyatomic Naming Polyatomic CompoundsCompounds

Polyatomic compounds also get two names just like we Polyatomic compounds also get two names just like we do.do.

The The first namefirst name will be the name of the positive ion – will be the name of the positive ion – usually a usually a metalmetal – no changes are made to this first – no changes are made to this first name.name.

The The second namesecond name will be the will be the name of the name of the polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion as it is – there are no changes made as it is – there are no changes made to the name of polyatomic ions when they are used in a to the name of polyatomic ions when they are used in a compound.compound.

The second name – if the second part of the compound The second name – if the second part of the compound is just a nonmetal (not a polyatomic) – will be the is just a nonmetal (not a polyatomic) – will be the shortened name of the nonmetal with the “IDE” ending.shortened name of the nonmetal with the “IDE” ending.

Examples:Examples:– CaSOCaSO44 – Calcium sulfate – Calcium sulfate– KK33POPO44 – Potassium phosphate – Potassium phosphate – NHNH44Cl – Ammonium chlorideCl – Ammonium chloride

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Molecular compoundsMolecular compounds are those which are are those which are made of two or more nonmetals bonded made of two or more nonmetals bonded together because they are sharing electrons. together because they are sharing electrons. (Two bullies are sharing the toys!)(Two bullies are sharing the toys!)

Molecular compounds are also known as Molecular compounds are also known as covalent compoundscovalent compounds..

Covalent compounds do not form ions so you Covalent compounds do not form ions so you can’t go “positive ion first & negative ion can’t go “positive ion first & negative ion second”. This means you have to name them second”. This means you have to name them differently than the ionic compounds.differently than the ionic compounds.

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

The The covalent compoundscovalent compounds use only nonmetals. They still use only nonmetals. They still have two names just like us.have two names just like us.

PrefixesPrefixes are used to show how much of each nonmetal is are used to show how much of each nonmetal is used to make the compound.used to make the compound.

The prefixes used are:The prefixes used are:Mono – 1Mono – 1 Tetra – 4Tetra – 4 Hepta - 7Hepta - 7Di – 2Di – 2 Penta – 5Penta – 5 Octa - 8Octa - 8Tri – 3Tri – 3 Hexa – 6Hexa – 6 Nona - 9Nona - 9

The The first namefirst name is the name of the is the name of the first nonmetalfirst nonmetal used. It used. It will have a prefix only if there is more than one of it used. will have a prefix only if there is more than one of it used. No prefix needed if there is only one of the first nonmetal.No prefix needed if there is only one of the first nonmetal.

The The second namesecond name is the name of the is the name of the second nonmetalsecond nonmetal used – it will be used – it will be shortenedshortened with an with an “IDE” ending“IDE” ending and will and will have a have a preifxpreifx (even if there is only one of it). The second (even if there is only one of it). The second nonmetal always gets a prefix.nonmetal always gets a prefix.

Examples: Examples: NN22O & CClO & CCl44

Dinitrogen monoxide & Carbon tetrachlorideDinitrogen monoxide & Carbon tetrachloride

This May Help…This May Help…

ChemicalCompounds

IonicCompounds

Metal + Nonmetal

PolyatomicCompounds

Metal + Polyatomic

Straight forward(Binary)

Na2SSodium sulfide

PolyatomicNames stay same

Ca(NO3)2

Calcium nitrate

“Shifty” MetalsRoman Numerals

FeBr3

Iron (III) bromide

CovalentCompoundsNonmetal +Nonmetal

CovalentPrefixes Used

N2O3

Dinitrogen trioxide

Try Naming These ExamplesTry Naming These Examples

1.1. CaBrCaBr22

2.2. NaNa33NN3.3. FeClFeCl224.4. CuOCuO5.5. Be(OH)Be(OH)22

6.6. CaCa33(PO(PO44))22

7.7. KK22SS8.8. LiLi22COCO33

9.9. SnClSnCl4410.10. Fe(ClOFe(ClO33))33

11.11. NHNH44II12.12. Pb(NOPb(NO33))22

1.1. Calcium bromideCalcium bromide2.2. Sodium nitrideSodium nitride3.3. Iron (II) chlorideIron (II) chloride4.4. Copper (II) oxideCopper (II) oxide5.5. Beryllium hydroxideBeryllium hydroxide6.6. Calcium phosphateCalcium phosphate7.7. Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide8.8. Lithium carbonateLithium carbonate9.9. Tin (IV) chlorideTin (IV) chloride10.10. Iron (III) chlorateIron (III) chlorate11.11. Ammonium iodideAmmonium iodide12.12. Lead (II) nitrateLead (II) nitrate

THE END!THE END!