Name _______________________________________ Class ____ Review Test for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test 2.0 Science

Scientific Thinking

1) There is more than one way to test a hypothesis, such as through a/n experiment or a/n observational study2) In order for a controlled experiment to be valid, it must consist of several parts such as a/n independent

variable, (also known as a test variable), the dependent variable (also known as a outcome variable), constants, and possibly a control group.

3) When the results of an experiment are not what was originally expected, we say the results do not support the hypothesis. When the results are as expected, we say the results support the hypothesis.

4) When the results of an experiment fail to support the hypothesis, the results are still valuable because they lead to further investigation

5) Replication is repeating another scientist’s experiment to verify results 6) Repetition is repeating your own experiment to verify results

7) Both replication and repetition are important because they make an experiment valid.8) Models can be used when something is too big, small, dangerous, expensive etc. 9) Give an example of technology that is used from science: drones, robots, computers, calculators10) The word empirical means from data-experiments or observations11) An example of scientific knowledge changing in history is: atomic model, def. of planets, solar system (helio vs

geocentric)12) A law is a rule that describes a pattern of nature. They do not change.13) A theory is an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many

observations and investigations. Theories can change when new discoveries are made.14) Give some examples of scientific laws you have learned: Newton’s Laws, Kepler’s Laws, Law of Conservation of

Mass, Thermodynamics15) Give some examples of scientific theories you have learned: Big Bang, Continental Drift, Evolution

Scientific Thinking Practice Questions:

1. Students made an electromagnet by wrapping a wire in loops around an iron nail and attaching the wire to a battery, as shown below.

The students conducted a test to learn how the number of wire loops affected the number of paper clips held by the electromagnet. The table below shows the results of the test.

Number of wire loops Number of paper clips held 10 2 20 4 30 7 40 9

Based on the information from the table, which of the following is the outcome (dependent) variable in this experiment?

A. The number of wire loops wrapped around the nail. B. The number of paper clips held by the electromagnet. C. The material the nail was made of. D. The size of the battery.

2. After seeing these results, Ella wrote four questions in her lab notebook.

Question 1: Why did the water level in the test tube go down? Question 2: Is light needed to change the water level in the test tube? Question 3: Did light cause the water level in the test tube to go down? Question 4: Would a different type of plant change the water level in the test tube?

Ella set up an experiment to investigate one of her questions. She set up one test tube to look like Figure 1. She set up another test tube similar to Figure 1 but without a lamp, and placed it in a dark closet. A day later, Ella checked the water level in each test tube. Which question could best be answered with Ella’s experiment?

A. Question 1 B. Question 2 C. Question 3 D. Question 4

3. Researchers grew some bacteria in a lab and tested them in several trials. The results are shown in the table.

In this experiment, which trial served as the control?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

4. Derek hypothesizes that a potted fern in a closed container will stay healthier than the same type of plant on an open windowsill. At the conclusion of his investigation, Derek finds that his results support his hypothesis. Which BEST explains why Derek should repeat the investigation?

A to be able to start another investigationB to prove the investigation is importantC to learn why the hypothesis is correctD to make sure the results are reliable

5. Before 1896, many scientists concluded that light could not pass through black paper. In 1896, Henri Becquerel observed that uranium salts could cause a plate covered by black paper to react as if light had reached it. How did this observation affect conclusions about light passing through black paper?

A. Scientists ignored Becquerel’s evidence because uranium is dangerous to use, so his study was not valid. B. Scientists repeated Becquerel’s experiment until it no longer worked and reported that his conclusions were

not valid. C. Scientists had to revise their earlier conclusion because evidence from Becquerel

did not support the original conclusion. D. Scientists stood behind the earlier conclusion that black paper blocks light because it was already an

accepted conclusion.

6. Keesha did an experiment to study the rate of photosynthesis in the water plant Elodea. She placed a piece of Elodea in a beaker of water and set the beaker 10 centimeters (cm) from a light source. Keesha counted the bubbles released from the plant every minute for five minutes (min). She repeated the process two more times. First, she moved the light to 20 cm from the beaker, and then she moved the light to 30 cm from the beaker. Keesha’s setup and data are shown below.

Number of BubblesTime (min)

Distance (cm)10 20 30

1 30 5 12 29 5 13 31 5 34 31 4 25 30 4 2

What is the outcome variable (dependent variable) in this experiment?A. the number of bubbles produced B. the type of plant placed in the beaker C. the amount of time the bubbles were counted D. the distance of the light source from the plant

7. Which would be a constant for Keesha’s experiment? a. The distance from the lightb. The number of bubbles producedc. Water temperatured. All of the above

8. When Alfred Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, most Earth scientists did not immediately accept it. Many expressed skepticism because the theory did not explain what force was strong enough to move continents. Later, scientists investigating continental drift found evidence that explained how continents are able to move. Plate tectonics, which grew from the theory of continental drift, now explains how continents move over time.

How was the initial skepticism of earth scientists useful to the scientific process?

a. Skeptical comments showed that continental drift was not a correct explanation of Wegener’s observations. b. Skeptics kept people from forgetting about earlier observations that did not support continental drift. c. The scientists who were skeptical kept earth science from changing views too rapidly.

d. The skeptics raised questions that became the starting point for new investigations.

9. Which of the following best explains how a scientific theory might be changed?

a. All scientists agree to change the theory. b. Data from new experiments could lead to revisions of the theory. c. Several scientists propose a new theory. d. Theories do not change because they are based on well-tested hypotheses.

10. The following statements were taken from the procedures of four different investigations:Investigation 1 Pour 50 mL of water down four inclined surfacesInvestigation 2 Roll a marble down the ramp from a height of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cmInvestigation 3 Take the mass of five rocks separately and then determine the average mass in

gramsInvestigation 4 Conduct 4 trials of counting bubbles produced by a water plant for 1 minute

each

Which statement is an example of repetition? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

11. A student made 2 different models of cell showing the structures, one was a detailed drawing while the other was a clay model. Which of the following describes a limitation of the drawing, but not he clay model?A. it doesn’t show the main parts of the cellB. it doesn’t not contain the correct number of nucleiC. it cannot represent a living cell since a true cell is three dimensional D. it cannot represent a living cell since the cytoplasm should be in constant motion

12. The timeline of some models of atoms throughout history is shown below. These models have contributed to the formation of the atomic theory.

Which statement best summarizes the development of atomic theory over time?A. Advancements in atomic models proved the atomic theory was accurateB. The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the atomic theoryC. With the discovery of every new element, the atomic theory was modifiedD. Changes in atomic models showed that the atomic theory was based on opinion

13. Scientific knowledge may change as new evidence or information is discovered. Which of the following would NOT be a result of new scientific research and information?A. binomial nomenclature is assigned to a recently identified plan speciesB. an endangered monkey species is put in a reserve for protection from extinctionC. A newly discovered chemical element will be added to the periodic table of the elementsD. a nonnative plant species will begin to reproduce rapidly after being introduced into a swamp ecosystem.

Physical Science 1) Substances can be identified based on physical characteristics such as density, solubility, melting point, boiling point, conductivity, and magnetism2) Some physical characteristics that can change with the size of the sample: mass, volume3) Other physical characteristics that DO NOT depend on the size of the sample: density, melting point, boiling point, conductivity, magnetism4) The amount of matter: mass5) How much space something takes up: volume6) The formula for density is density=mass/volume7) Differentiate between mass and weight: mass is the amount of matter while weight is a force due to gravity8) Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons9) Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge and electrons have a negative charge.10) Atoms move slowly and vibrate in place in a solid, move faster and move further apart in a liquid, and very fast and very far apart in a gas.11) Elements are arranged in periods (horizontal) and groups (vertical) on the periodic table.12) Elements in groups have similar properties and also have the same number of valence electrons. 13) A compound is a substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.14) A(n) acid has a pH lower than 7. Examples include: vinegar, lemon juice, soda15) A(n) base has a pH higher than 7. Examples include: baking soda, ammonia, detergents16) A salt is a compound formed when an acid is combined with a base (Alkali metal with a halogen) Example: NaCl17) A mixture is matter that can vary in composition, while a pure substance is matter made up of just one element.18) A solution is another name for homogeneous mixture. It is made up of a solvent and a solute. The solvent does the dissolving, while the solute is what breaks apart or dissolves. If you mixed sugar in water, which is the solute? sugar the solvent? water19) When matter goes through a physical or chemical change, mass is conserved. This is called the Law of Conservation of Mass. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.20) Rate of a chemical change can increase when the temperature increases.21) Radio waves have the longest wavelength, while gamma rays have the shortest wavelength. What wave property differentiates each type of wave? wavelength.22) What happens to the frequency as the wavelength decreases? Increases. Which waves have the highest frequency (energy) gamma. 23) High frequency waves can be dangerous to living things. Which waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are dangerous? Xrays, UV and gamma.24) Humans can only see which type of wave on the electromagnetic spectrum visible light. Our eyes can only see light with wavelengths between 380 nm and 750 nm. 25) The order of the colors in the visible spectrum is (from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength: ROY G BIV.

26) Telescopes are designed to collect a certain type of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. Some detect visible light, and other detect microwaves and radio waves. Light and sound travel on waves.27) When light travels from one medium (material) to another, it can bend or refract.28) Any wave can change speed when it moves through a different mediums.29) In sound waves, the pitch of sound increases as frequency increases.

Physical Science Practice Questions:

1. Physical properties can be used to compare and classify substances. The process below demonstrates a physical property of sugar.

SUGAR WATER SUGAR SOLUTION

Which of the following physical properties of sugar is demonstrated by the process?

A. Solubility B. Density C. Thermal conductivity D. Melting point

2. The physical property that determines how easily heat and electricity pass through a material is _____.a. Conductivity c. Hardnessb. density d. Weight

3. Matthew has six cubes of different materials. Each cube has a mass of 10 grams (g). Matthew sorts the cubes into two groups using one physical property.

GROUPS OF DIFFERENT MATERIALSGroup 1 Cubes Group 2 Cubes

Aluminum GlassCopper Plastic

Steel Wood Which physical property did Matthew most likely use to sort the cubes into two groups?A. density B. Magnetism C. Melting Point D. Electrical Conductivity

4. A student is given two different objects, a marble and a cube, that appear to be made of the same substance. The student did some measurements of the objects and recorded the measurements in the table.

Using the student's measurements, determine if the two objects are indeed made of the same substance. The formula for density is D = M / V. A. No. The objects are different substances because

their masses are different. B. No. The objects are different substances because

their densities are different. C. No. The objects are different substances because

their volumes are different.D. Yes. The objects are the same substance because they have the same density.

5. Fresh milk has several parts that a farmer can separate and sell. A farmer removes the top layer of fat from fresh milk. Why is the layer of fat on top?

A. The fat does not mix well with the other parts of the milk. B. The fat has a lower density than the other parts of the milk. C. There is less fat in compared to other parts of the milk. D. There other parts of the milk come out of the cow before the fat.

6. Trudy made a pitcher of lemonade. Which diagram BEST represents the liquid water molecules?

A. B. C. D.

7. If you were to take a radio to the moon, which of the following would correctly describe the changes to its mass and weight?

A. Its mass and weight would not change. B. Its mass would increase, and its weight would remain the same. C. Its weight would increase, and its mass would remain the same. D. Its weight would decrease, and its mass would remain the same.

8. The mass of the products of a chemical reaction ____ the mass of the reactants.a. is greater than c. is the same asb. is less than d. may be more or less than

9. An atomic model of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is shown below. How many different elements have combined to form this compound of sulfuric acid?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 7

10. Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) are in the same column in the periodic table. Why are these elements in the same column in the periodic table?A. they have similar properties B. they have atoms of the same sizeC. they have the same number of protons D. they have the same number of neutrons

11. When a candle is lit, the wick burns, the wax melts, the candle changes shape, and the air around the candle heats up. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?A. the wick burning B. the wax meltingC. the candle changing shape D. the air around the candle heating up

12. Hydrogen sulfide has a pH of 4.5, water has pH of 7.0, and sodium hydroxide has a pH of 12.0 which of these compounds is an acid?

a. Hydrogen sulfide c. sodium hydroxideb. Water d. Cannot be determined

13. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a(n)____.a. chemical change c. Elementb. compound d. Mixture

14. If a substance has a high solubility, _____ of it can dissolve in a given solvent.a. less c. an equal amountb. more d. None

15. In a chemical reaction, if the reactants are heated, the reaction usually happens a) Faster b) Slower c) At the same rate d) In a smaller volume

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

16. Sunlight is composed of energy that is visible to humans and energy that is not visible to humans. Which statement describes how the visible energy from the Sun is different from the nonvisible energy?A. It travels at a different speed through space. B. It travels a different distance through space.C. It has different wavelengths. D. It has different amplitudes

17. The diagram below demonstrates how a magnifying lens can make a penny appear larger.

What property of the magnifying lens is most responsible for allowing it to magnify the penny?A. It can reflect light. B. It can refract light C. It can increase the intensity of light. D. It can increase the wavelength of light.

Energy Transfer and Transformation

1) Describe potential energy: energy that is stored2) Describe kinetic energy: energy being used, motion3) What are the major forms of energy? Chemical, nuclear, heat, light, sound, mechanical, electrical4) Give an example of potential energy becoming kinetic energy top of hill on rollercoaster, going downhill5) Energy cannot be created or destroyed is described in the Law of Conservation of Energy or the 1st Law of

Thermodynamics.6) Give an example of energy transformation pizza eaten for lunch (chemical to mechanical and heat energy)7) Thermal energy always transfers from a warmer object to a cooler one. This heat transfer occurs until the

temperatures between objects are in equilibrium (the same).8) What can happen when heat is added or removed to a substance? Change of state/phase9) What are the 3 types of heat transfer? Conduction, convection and radiation10) The Earth is heated by this type of heat transfer radiation.11) Differentiate between mass and weight mass is the amount of matter, weight is a force due to gravity______12) When an unbalanced force acts on an object, it will change its speed and/or direction. Change of speed or

direction is called acceleration.13) An object that is speeding up is experiencing positive acceleration, while and object slowing down is

experiencing negative acceleration.14) Forces are often shown using arrows/vectors on diagrams. The bigger the arrow, the greater the force. 15) If opposing forces on an object are balanced, the object will remain stationary or at a constant speed if moving.

Energy Transfer and Transformation Practice Questions

1. Emma constructed a simple motor. When connected correctly, the coil of copper wire spins.

Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?

A. Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.

B. Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.

C. Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy.

D. Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.

2. Mrs. Aldaco added a room-temperature copper (Cu) cube and an aluminum (Al) cube that she just removed from the freezer to a beaker of boiling water.

She left the cubes in the water for three hours. Which of the following describes a heat flow that took place during those three hours?

A. from the aluminum cube to the beaker B. from the copper cube to the boiling water C. from the aluminum cube to the copper cubeD. from the boiling water to the aluminum cube

3. Substances change states when they move between solid, liquid, and gas forms. When a substance changes from one state of matter to another, it has undergone:

A. a reduction in mass. B. an increase in mass. C. a chemical change. D. a physical change

4. Luis rubbed a balloon on his hair and held the balloon next to the wall. He observed the balloon stick to the wall. Which of the following is responsible for the balloon sticking to the wall?A. friction B. gravity C. electric force D. magnetic force

5. The diagram below shows forces acting on a model airplane. Both its speed and height above the ground are constant.

Which of the following conditions would cause the model airplane to descend toward the ground?

A. The lift is equal to the drag.B. The lift is less than the weight. C. The thrust is equal to the weight. D. The thrust is greater than the drag.

6. Mr. Roberts drives his car away from his house at a constant speed. Which of the following graphs best shows the relationship between the distance traveled and the time spent driving?

Earth Science

1) The universe contains billions of galaxies that contain billions of stars.2) Distances within our solar system are measured in Astronomical units (AU).3) Distances to other stars are measured in light years.4) A light year is the distance that light can travel in one year. 5) An astronomical unit is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.6) Apparent magnitude is how bright the star APPEARS to be from Earth (also called apparent brightness).7) Absolute magnitude is how bright a star really is (also called absolute brightness)8) The hottest stars are blue, the coolest stars are red.9) Stars are plotted on a H-R diagram (see your reference sheet). Most stars on this diagrams are called __________

main sequence stars-this includes our Sun. 10) The hottest and brightest stars are called Blue Giants. 11) The Sun is made up of layers. The layer in which hot gas moves up towards the surface and cooler gas moves

deeper into the interior is called the convection zone.12) Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all rocky planets13) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are all gaseous planets.14) The planets that are closer to the sun are generally hotter.15) The planets and moons are all held in orbit by the gravitational force of the Sun.16) Planets, solar systems, stars and galaxies all form because of the force of gravity.17) Many years ago, people believed the Earth was the center of our solar system. This was called the geocentric

model. 18) The current model of the solar system (sun in the center) is called the heliocentric model. 19) Why does the Earth experience changing seasons? Tilt of the Earth on its’ axis cause the sun’s rays to strike the

surface at different angles20) What causes the Earth to experience tides? Gravitational pull of the moon on Earth’s waters21) Draw a diagram showing the positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon at different phases.

See PPT

22) Draw a diagram showing the position of the Sun, Earth and Moon during a:

Solar Eclipse

See PPT

Lunar Eclipse

See PPT

23) When two or more minerals are joined together, they form a rock. There are three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The way they are classified is by the way they are formed. There are three processes that form the three rock types: crystallization, lithification, and metamorphism.

a) Crystallization: igneous rocks are formed from magma b) Extrusive igneous rock is cooled lava, formed on the earth’s surface.c) Intrusive igneous rock is formed within the earth. If enough heat and pressure melt the rock, it returns to magma later when it solidifies, it becomes igneous rock. d) Lithification: Weathered and eroded rocks are deposited as sediment. Later the sediment is cemented

together by dissolved minerals and turns into sedimentary rock. e) Metamorphism: If sedimentary or igneous rock is subjected to enough heat and pressure, the changed rock

is called metamorphic. Complete the diagram below:

A. Sedimentary RockB. SedimentC. Metamorphic RockD. Igneous RockE. Magma

24) Differentiate between physical (mechanical) and chemical weathering: physical-change in shape due to wind, water while chemical weathering dissolves rock

25) Give an example of physical weathering: ice wedging, plant roots can break apart rock26) Give an example of chemical weathering: acid rain can wear down rock27) How does weathering differ from erosion? Weathering is the breaking down of rock while erosion is the moving of

the sediment28) What is the law of superposition? In layers of undisturbed rock, the oldest layer is on the bottom29) What evidence is there for plate tectonics (movement of plates) shape of continents, same fossils on diff.

continents, same rock types on diff. continents, new sea floor at MOR30) What other evidence is there besides superposition and plate tectonics that the Earth has evolved over time? Mvmt

of land masses, glacial grooves, climate evidence31) What is geologic time? How are the time periods determined? Dividing the Earth’s history into time periods based

on fossil evidence32) What method is used by scientists to determine the absolute age of a rock? Radiometric dating_________33) What is radioactive/radiometric dating? _using a comparison of amounts of parent and daughter isotopes to

determine age_34) What is the geosphere? Mostly solid, rocky part of Earth35) What is the atmosphere? Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth

36) What is the hydrosphere? All water on Earth37) What is the cryosphere? Frozen water on Earth38) What is the biosphere? All the living things on Earth39) Give an example of how these spheres interact._biosphere is found in oceans (hydrosphere)40) Differentiate between weather and climate climate is long term conditions while weather is short term41) How does the atmosphere protect the planet? Insulates Earth and filters harmful waves42) What is the plate tectonics theory? Theory that describes how the lithospheric plates have moved over time43) Give an example of slow change that occurs on Earth’s surface due to plate tectonicsmntn formation, subduction,

sea floor spreading at MOR44) Give an example of rapid change that occurs on the Earth’s surface due to plate tectonics EQ, volcanoes45) Draw a picture showing the layers of the Earth-make sure you label them.

46) Describe the lithosphere solid, thin outer layer of earth, divided into plates47) Describe the mantle thickest layer, flowing solid, contains convection currents48) Describe the outer core liquid, mostly composed of Iron and Nickel, believed to be responsible for the Earth’s

magnetic field49) Describe the inner core solid due to intense pressure from layers above, mostly Iron and Nickel50) What is convection? Circular motion of a material due to density/temperature differences

Earth Science Practice QuestionsUse the table to answer the question.Average Distance of the Planets from the Sun

Planet Average Distance (km)

Average Distance (AU)

Mercury 57,910,000 0.39Venus 108,210,000 0.72Earth 149,600,000 1.00Mars 227,920,000 1.52Jupiter 778,570,000 5.20Saturn 1,433,530,000 9.58Uranus 2,872,460,000 19.20Neptune 4,495, 060,000 30.05

1. In astronomical units, about how much farther is Saturn from the Sun than Jupiter is?a. 2 AU c. 4.38 AUb. 655,000,000 AU d. 5.2 AU

2. The points labeled on the chart below represent the approximate size of Earth, the Milky Way, the Moon, and the Sun. The approximate size of the Solar System is also shown.

Which point on the chart best represents the approximate size of the Sun?A. W C. YB. X D. Z

3. One physical property of a star is apparent magnitude. Which of the following is used in determining the apparent magnitude of a star?

A. the constellation the star is in C. the number of times the star rotatesB. the distance the star is from Earth D. the number of prominences the star makes

4. Why did the artists for both of these illustrations feel it necessary to represent the inner planets with a pulled out piece?

a. They thought it was prettier.b. The distances between the planets in the outer part of the solar system are so great

that drawing everything on the same scale makes it impossible to represent the inner planets.

c. The distances between the planets in the inner part of the solar system are so great that drawing everything on the same scale makes it impossible to represent the outer planets.

d. It is a more dramatic representation.

5. Which statement is true about our universe?a. Objects in our universe only give off light

and heat energy.c. All objects in our universe revolve around

our Sun.b. The universe contains only a few galaxies

such as our own called the Milky way galaxy.

d. The universe contains many billions of galaxies and that each galaxy contains billions of stars.

6. Venus and Earth both experience a ____ because of heat trapped by their atmospheres.a. cloud cover c. greenhouse effectb. slow rotation d. cooling effect

7. Jessie draws the diagram below (not to scale) to show the relative sizes of several parts of the universe.

Which of these is larger than a solar system, but smaller than the universe?

A. comet

B. galaxy

C. moon

D. star

8. What causes planets and other space objects to revolve around the Sun rather than going off in a straight line as indicated by the solid arrow in the picture below?a. inertia-once an object is traveling in a circle, it will keep traveling in a circleb. pressure-the air in space pushes the object toward the Sunc. gravity-the Sun is pulling the object towards itd. gravity-the object is pulling the Sun towards it

9. A measure of the amount of light received on Earth is a star's _____.a. apparent magnitude c. position in spaceb. absolute magnitude d. Size

10. What is solar wind?a. charged particles streaming toward the Sunb. a wind pattern in Earth’s atmosphere caused by the air being warmed by the Sunc. charged particles streaming away from the Sund. huge bubbles of gas ejected from the corona of the Sun

11. The orbits of ____ lie closer to the Sun than does Earth's orbit.a. Mercury and Mars c. Mars and Venusb. Mercury and Venus d. Jupiter and Mercury

12. On Earth, hydrogen and helium are naturally found as gases. Why are they liquid on the outer planets?a. the temperature due to the distance from the Sunb. the pressure from the gravitational forces of the massive planetsc. the distance from the Sund. Both a and b

13. In the geocentric model of the solar system the ___________ is the center of the solar system.a. Sun c. red giant starb. Earth d. background of distant stars

14. Which phase of the Moon is shown if this is a picture of what the sky looks like at midnight?

a. new moon c. full moonb. first quarter d. third quarter

15. Which letter shows Earth’s position in December?

a. A c. Cb. B d. D

16. A new planet is discovered in a different solar system. The new planet is much like Earth. One difference is that the planet does not have tides. What does the planet lack that Earth has?

A. a star B. a moon C. a geosphere D. a rotational period

17. Deforestation occurs when large areas of trees are cut down. Which of the following impacts on the environment would result from deforestation? A. Increased erosion B. Colder temperatures C. Excess ground moisture D. Greater oxygen production

18. The oldest rock formation identified on Earth is found on the shoreline of Hudson Bay in Canada. This rock formed 4.28 billion years ago. What information does a scientist need to more accurately determine the age of the rock?

A. The percentage of each mineral that makes up the rockB. The thickness of younger rock layers that cover the rockC. The amount of each radioactive element present in the rockD. The amount of weathering present on the surface of the rock

Life Science

1) Describe the hierarchical organization of organisms (levels of organization):

a. atoms , molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism2) Carolus Linnaeus developed a system of naming organisms called ___binomial nomenclature.

a. Organisms are named using the genus + species. Ex) Ursus arctos, brown bearb. The classification system divides organisms into groups (from most general to most specific)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

3) What is the cell theory? All living things are composed of cells, cells make other cells, cells are the basic unit of life

4) What is homeostasis? A balance of physiological processes in an organism, ex) body temperature

5) What are some of the processes a cell goes through to maintain homeostasis? Diffusion and osmosis6) Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuoles 7) Describe the function of each of the following organelle:

a) Cell wall helps maintain the cell’s rigid shape.

b) Cell/plasma membrane regulates what comes in and out of the cell.c) Nucleus a membrane bound structure which contains the DNA and controls the cell’s growth and

reproduction.d) Cytoplasm the protoplasm outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane.

e) Chloroplast the organelle that carries out photosynthesis

f) Mitochondria functions in energy production “power house of cell”

g) Vacuole big in plant cells, small or non-existent in animal cells. Waste removal, food, storage, etc.8) Identify each of the body systems:

a) Musculoskeletal the system of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, joints and tissues that move the body and maintain its form.b) Excretory the system containing kidneys, ureters, urethra, bladder that excretes waste from the body.

c) Digestive the system that physically and chemically processes food to provide the body with nutrients and excrete waste products.d) Reproductive organs and tissues involved in production and maturation of gametes (sperm & egg), fertilization of the egg, and growth and development of the offspring.e) Nervous system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body’s responses to internal and external stimuli. Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs.f) Circulatory system that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients, oxygen and other essential nutrients to cells/tissues and removes waste products. g) Immune system that is a complex network of interacting cells, cell product, and cell forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens (bacteria, virus, etc) and other foreign substance, destroys infected cells and removes cellular debris.

Life Science Practice Questions1. The cell theory applies to all organisms, including the five shown below. Which of the following statements describes how these organisms are an example of cell theory?

A. The organisms have cells that lack a nucleus B. The organisms are made of one or more cells C. The cells of the organisms undergo photosynthesis D. The cells of the organism are identical to each other

2. Structures in the human body work together to perform specific functions. The diagram below shows the organization of structures found in the human body.

A picture of which of the following structures belongs in the box above?a) cell b) organ c) organelle d) tissue

3. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?a. carbon dioxide c. Glucoseb. water d. light energy

4. As much as 90 percent of the oxygen in our atmosphere is the result of _____.a. Photoperiodism (response to changes in

length of day)c. Thigmotropism (bending of plant due to

touch)b. respiration d. Photosynthesis

5. Which of the following is necessary for cellular respiration?a. water c. Nitrogenb. Carbon dioxide d. Oxygen

6. Cellular respiration releases _____.a. energy c. carbon dioxideb. liquid sugar d. Oxygen

7. Plant cells are different from animal cells. The diagram below identifies four different structures in a plant cell.

Compared to the structures in an animal cell, which of the following structures is found only in a plant cell?a) mitochondria b) cell wall c) cytoplasm d) nucleus

8. In order to maintain homeostasis, the systems of the human body work together to keep a constant internal temperature. Which of the following statements describes how the human body responds in a cold environment?a) The nervous system moves the jaw bones causing chattering of teethb) The nervous system signals the muscles in the muscular system to contract and warm the body (shivers)c) The circulatory system delivers less carbon dioxide to the muscular system, resulting in stiffening of the muscles.d) The skeletal system produces more blood cells that circulate through the blood vessels, increasing the warmth of the body.

9. Mushrooms, bread molds, and yeasts are classified together in the Fungi Kingdom. Specific characteristics are used to classify these organisms. Which of the following is a characteristic used to classify these organisms?a) They are parasites b) they are unicellular c) they are prokaryotes d) they are heterotrophs

10. A certain reptile species is an herbivore and exists only on an isolated island. Which of the following would most likely result in the extinction of the reptile species over a period of 20 thousand years?a) The reptile species produces many offspring with many unique traits and the vegetation remains constant. b) The reptile species produces few offspring with some unique traits, and vegetation remains constantc) The reptile species produces few offspring with no unique traits, and vegetation changes quicklyd) The reptile species produces many offspring with some unique traits, and vegetation changes slowly

11. The gene for curled ears (C) is dominant over the gene for straight ears (c). The picture below shows a cat with curled ears (Cc) and a cat with straight ears (cc).

What percentage of the offspring is expected to have curled ears as a result of the cross between the cats shown?a) 100 b) 75 c) 50 d) 25

12. A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.

Each arrow represents a process in the cycle. Which of the following best describes the process that occurs at the arrow going from animals to decomposers? A. Decomposers break down molecules in animals into carbon-based soil nutrients. B. Animals release oxygen that is used by decomposers to produce carbon dioxide. C. Animals release carbon dioxide that is used by decomposers for growth and reproduction. D. Decomposers combine carbon-based nutrients from plants and animals to produce glucose.

13. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, water, and energy to form carbohydrates and oxygen. Which of the following best explains how plants follow the Law of Conservation of Mass during photosynthesis?A. The reaction uses energy to produce a product without energy.

B. A gas (carbon dioxide) and a liquid (water) use energy to produce a solid (carbohydrates).

C. The amount of each element that begins photosynthesis equals the amount of each element that is produced.

D. The amount of carbohydrates at the beginning of photosynthesis equals the amount of oxygen that is produced.

14. A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.

Which of the following best explains the roles plants and animals play in recycling carbon?

A. Plants and animals both take in carbon through respiration. They return it to the cycle through decomposition.

B. Plants take in carbon through photosynthesis and decomposition. Animals produce carbon through respiration.

C. Animals produce carbon through exhaling. Plants take in carbon for photosynthesis.

D. Plants produce carbon through photosynthesis. Animals take in carbon for breathing.

15. Mangrove trees are common in the Florida Everglades. The tree roots serve as a place for freshwater oysters to attach when the tide is high. The oysters are protected from predators and the trees are neither helped nor harmed by the oysters’ presence. Which relationship is most similar to the relationship between the mangrove trees and oysters?a) African Ants living in acacia trees feed on leaf eating insects found on the tree.b) Spider crabs are camouflaged by the green brown algae growing on their shells.c) A whale is unaffected by the attached remora fish feeding on the whale’s leftover food.d) Bees fly from one flowing plant to another gathering nectar and pollinating the flowers.