Name: Vocabulary Inference -...

Vocabulary InferenceName:

What does this word mean?

TopicTopic

Key pointKey point

Root

WordsHow do you know?

Words before

© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.

Words after INFERRING. Creates single type of inference

Name: Date:Inferring

Emotion Inference Location Inference

How does he/she feel? Where is this?

Expression Geography

Gesture

Words

Landforms

How do you know? How do you know?Thoughts

Activities

Actions Landmarks

Location Buildings

© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences

Other Other


Character(istic) Inference Action Inference

What is he/she/this like? What is happening?

Words

Symbols

Thoughts

Looks like

Data

Location

How do you know? How do you know?

AppearanceLooks like

T lActions

Function

Tools

Reactions

O

Occupation


Other

Other

Other

INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences


Object Inference Time/Era Inference

What is it? What time of day it is?

Looks like Actions

What season/year is it?Texture Weather

How do you know? What era is it?

Strength Technology

How do you know?

ActionsClothing

Events How do you know?

Surroundings

Buildings


Other Other



Category Inference Occupation Inference

What group do they belong in? What job/role does he/she have?

Looks like Clothing/uniform

Made of

uniform

Language

How do you know? How do you know?Used for

Workplace

Time/era Actions

Location Tools


Other Other



Cause and Effect Inference Literary Inference

What caused this to happen? What effect did this have?

What do you know from the simile, metaphor, irony, etc? What allusion did you make?

Result Symbol

ActionsMetaphor

How do you know? How do you know?

Language Verbal irony

Change

Order

Situational irony

Relationship

Dramatic irony


Other Other



Author’s Motive Inference Cultural Inference

What do you know about the reason(s) the author wrote this text? How does the author feel about the topic?

What do you know about the culture, customs, and so on, in this text?

Reason Language

DataActions

How do you know? How do you know?Fact/opinion

Customs/traditions

Words

Hobbies

Author’s background

Food


Other Other



Vocabulary Inference Vocabulary Inference


Topic

Key point


Topic

Key pointKey point

Sentence structure

Key point

Sentence structure

How do you know?

Parts of speech How do you know?

Parts of speech

Root

Affix(es)

-ed Root

Affix(es)

-ed ( )

Words before

( )

Words before

© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences

Words after Words after

• In paragraph (#), why does the author use the words _____ ?

Imaging• In paragraph (#), the word _____ is used to describe _____ .

• Which of these is an example of imagery in this passage?

• What word best describes _____?

• What is the most likely reason the author used the phrase _____?

• Why does the author use details like (detail) from passage)?


Name: Date:Imaging

© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. IMAGING. Organizes sensory images

• What is the base word of _____?

Vocabulary Roots & Origins• Based on the etymology of the word (root) (gives etymology) which of these describes the meaning

of word _____?

• What does _____ mean?

f ?• If _____ means _____, what does _____ mean as used in paragraph _____?

• Using your knowledge of the (suffix or prefix) X, what does the word X mean?

• If glum (example) means sad, then glumly means

• In which word does the (prefix, suffix) mean the same as it does in (word)?


• What word most like another?

Vocabulary Comparative Synonyms/Antonym

• What word is opposite?

• Which of these is a synonym for the word _____?

• Which word is an antonym for the word _____ in the sentence below?

• Which of these means _____ in the text?

• Which word is the closest in meaning to _____ as used in the passage?

• What word means the same as _____?

• Which word is a synonym for (word)?

• Read the sentence from the passage. Insert sentence. Which word means the opposite of (word)?

• Which words from the passage are antonyms?p g y

• Which word could the author have used in paragraph (#) instead of (vocabulary word/phrase)?


• Which of these is the best meaning for _____ in paragraph?

Vocabulary Contextual Definition

• In this sentence…what does (word) mean?

• Which word could replace _____ in the sentence below?

• What does _____ mean as used in paragraph (#)?

• What is the meaning of word _____ as used in the sentence below?

• In paragraph (#), the word _____ refers to _____?

• Which of these is the best definition of the word _____ as used in paragraph (#)?

• In paragraph (#), the author states that _____ is/are _____?

• In the passage it is _____?

• What does mean?_____

• Which has the same meaning as _____?

• What is the meaning of (word) in paragraph #?

• Read the dictionary entry. Dictionary entry with 4 definitions. Now read the sentence from theRead the dictionary entry. Dictionary entry with 4 definitions. Now read the sentence from the passage. Which definition of (word) is used in the sentence?

• What is the meaning of the word/phrase (word/phrase in italics) in paragraph (#) of the passage?

• Which word could the author have used in paragraph (#) instead of (vocabulary word)?


• As used in this passage, the (word) means?

• If you did not know the meaning of (word) in (text), you should _____?

Vocabulary Cueing Systems


• _____ is an example of a _____

Literary Elements Elements/Devices

• Which of these did the author use…

• What type of literary device is used in the text below?

• From which point of view is the passage told?

• Which term best describes this type of literature? (flashback, dialogue, rhyme, persuasion, autobiography, legend)

• Which of these best categorizes the section of the passage? (flashback, dialogue, rhyme, persuasion, autobiography, legend)p , g p y, g )

• Two articles can best be classified as which type of writing.

• What is ironic about the author’s reference to _____ in _____?

• The author says (quote). What type of literary device is this?The author says (quote). What type of literary device is this?

• What type of writing best describes _____?

• In the passage, _____ is an example of _____.

• Which literary technique is used in the text below?• Which literary technique is used in the text below?

• How would (title of text) be categorized?

• Which term best describes the setting of the passage?

• Which sentence from the passage contains as example of (literary device)?


• Which sentence from the passage contains as example of (literary device)?

• What literary device is used in the sentence below?

• Which is an example of (literary device)?

• What element of fiction is introduced in paragraph #?

Literary Elements Elements/Devices

• Which statement from the passage shows that it was written from the first person point of view?

• In paragraph (#) of the passage, why does the author include (technique)?

• Which phrase is an example of figurative language?

• Why does the author describe (detail from passage) with a (literary device)?

• First person point of view, told by two characters

• First person point of view, told by one character

Thi d i t f i t ld b t ith li it d d t di f th h t• Third person point of view, told by a narrator with a limited understanding of the characters

• Third person point of view, told by a narrator who know the thoughts and feelings of all characters

• The passage is nonfiction because

• Which feature of this passage suggests that it is a (folktale)?

• This passage is an example of nonfiction because it

• A. includes personal opinions.

B k d ti• B. asks and answers questions.

• C. mentions objects from everyday life.

• D. presents factual information on a topic.

• What genre is this passage?


• What term best describes this passage?

• What term best identifies this passage?

• According to…• Alliteration

• Fictional • Figurative language

ISAT Glossary• Omniscient• Onomatopoeia

• Support the idea• Symbolism• Alliteration

• Alike• Alternative reference

materials • Antonym• Article

A t bi h

• Figurative language• First person• Flashback• Folktale• Genre

• BiographyF lkt l

• Onomatopoeia• Opinion• Organizational pattern• Passage• Personification• Persuade

P i

• Symbolism• Synonym • Tall tale• Teach • Term• Text

Th• Autobiography • Based on• Best describes• Biography• Book• Categorize

• Folktale• Legend• Nonfiction

• Historical fiction • Humor• Hyperbole

• Persuasion• Persuasive • Plot• Poem• Poet• Point of view

• Theme• Thesaurus • Third person• Third person objective• Third person omniscient• Title

• Cause-and-effect• Character• Classified• Climax • Compare and

contrast

• Inform• Imagery • Italics • Ironic • Legend• Literary

• Problem• Purpose• Rather than • Reason • Recall • Refer

• To convince• To direct• Tone• Traditional• Trait• Understatement

• Create a picture• DescriptiveDetail• Dialogue• Dictionary • Disadvantage • Encyclopedia

• Literary device• Literary technique• Literature • Main idea• Meaning• Message

• Repetition• Rising action • Rhyme• Same (what word

means the same)• Same meaning

• What is the author’s purpose in writing this message?

• What is the genre of ______?

• What type of writing is y p• Entertain• Essay• Establish the theme• Example• Explain • Expository

g• Metaphor• Minor detail • Most likely• Most likely reason• Myth • Narrative

g• Science fiction• Selection• Setting• Sequence/Sequencing• Simile• Speaker

yp gthis passage?

• Words


Expository• Fable• Fact• Fairytale• Fiction

Narrative• Nonfiction • Narrative• Nonfiction• Objective

Speaker• Stanza• Statement (true/false)• Story• Summary

Week 1Comprehension • Show students all predicting style questions. Discuss.

• Practice predicting organizersVideo sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________

• Show students definition/context style vocabulary questions. y y q• Create own definition style questions.

Extended Response to

Reading • Read an extended response to reading sample with students. • Color code the level 4 sample Discuss• Color code the level 4 sample. Discuss.


Week 2Comprehension • Show students all summarizing style questions. Discuss.

• Practice summarizing organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________

• Show students synonym style vocabulary questions. y y y y q• Create own synonym style vocabulary questions.


Reading • Write an extended response to reading sample as a shared writingwriting.

• Use content area or classroom related materials and prompts.


Week 3Comprehension • Show students all connecting style organizers. Discuss.

• Practice connecting organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________

• Show students origin style vocabulary questions.g y y q• Review roots and affixes from reading framework.





Week 4Comprehension • Show students all questioning style organizers. Discuss.

• Practice questioning organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________

• Show students definition/context style vocabulary questions. y y q• Create own definition style questions.





Week 5Comprehension • Show students all inferring style questions. Discuss.

• Practice inferring organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________



Reading • Practice extended response to reading sample prompt. • Provide feedback to each student Give them one helpful hint• Provide feedback to each student. Give them one helpful hint.


Week 6Comprehension • Show students all imaging style questions. Discuss.

• Practice imaging organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________

Vocabulary

__________________________________



Reading • Practice extended response to reading sample prompt. • Provide feedback to each student Give them one helpful hint• Provide feedback to each student. Give them one helpful hint.


VideosGlobal Warming: What You Need to Know http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/global-warming-what-you-need-to-know-melting-glaciers.htmlPlanet Earth: Pole to Pole http://www discoveryeducation com/video-in-the-classroom/planet-earth-pole-

Top 5 Mars Phoenix Lander Images http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.htmlNight Tornadohttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.htmlMyth Busters: Banana Peelhttp://www.discoveryeducation.com/video in the classroom/planet earth pole

to-pole.cfmHow It’s Made: Contact Lenses http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-contact-lenses.htmlHow Stuff Works: Popcorn http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/how-stuff-works-popcorn.htmlHow It’s Made: Football Helmets

Myth Busters: Banana Peelhttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/mythbusters-best-of-the-banana-peel-high-speeds.htmlControlled Lightninghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/kapow-superhero-science/Baseball: Fieldinghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/the-physics-of-baseball-fielding.html

http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-football-helmet.htmlHow It’s Made: Crayons http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-crayons.htmlSquirrelshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/animals-squirrels-and-humans-find-friends-similar-ways.htmlPenguins

Computinghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/visions-of-the-future-ubiquitous-computing.html

Penguinshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth-ice-worlds-antarctic-penguin-fathers.htmlMaking a Lie Detector http://science.discovery.com/videos/brink-home-with-kip-kay-making-a-lie-detector.htmlHow Toilet Paper is Madehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrg_6dny6PoFerretshttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/all-new-planets-funniest-animals-ferrets.htmlPet Training: Dog Parkshttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/pet-training-dog-park.htmlPet Training: Cat GroomingPet Training: Cat Groominghttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/cat-grooming.htmlDinosaurs Triceratopshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/dinosaurs-triceratops-tough-customers.htmlCarbon Footprinthttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/global-warming-what-you-need-to-know-carbon-footprint.htmlpLife on Marshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-colonies-life-on-mars.htmlFavorite Animalshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth-favorite-animals.htmlTop 5 Mars Phoenix Lander Images http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.html

Comprehension Strategy Glossary

Predicting Fiction SummarizingNonfiction Summarizing Connecting

Questioning InferringQuestioning InferringImaging Strategy Streaming

Ad hoc groups Small groups of students with similar skill deficits. Direct instruction provided in deficit areas of reading, including phonics, phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, and/or comprehension. Teacher reads text most of the time.y

Guided reading groups

Small groups of students at similar or same reading levels. Teacher encourages, monitors, and coaches each student facilitating comprehension strategy growth. Student reads text.

Small group shared reading Reteaching comprehension strategy (as you do in shared reading) to a small group. Teacher reads text.

Text A piece of fiction or nonfiction

Predicting Abandoning predictions

Letting go of a prediction that has no foundation in the text. For example. I predict that Goldilocks will go home to her Mom and go out for ice cream. I need to abandon my prediction because in the text it says, Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's bowl of porridge.

A tAccuratepredictions The author’s text matches my prediction (ex. Goldilocks will eat the porridge.)

Adjusting predictions

When you revise or add specific details to an accurate prediction to make it correct. For example, I predicted that Goldilocks will spill the porridge and make a big mess. I will adjust that prediction to say, Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's porridge.

Creating The second step in making a prediction. Making a precise prediction based on the text preview. (Fiction -


gpredictions

p g p g p p p (predicts plot structure. Nonnarrative nonfiction- predicts key points)

Enhance Adding specific details to a precise prediction without changing the basic prediction. For example, I predict that Goldilocks will eat the porridge. I will enhance my prediction to Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's bowl of porridge.


Predicting Exposition Within a fiction text the section that you read before you make a prediction. This section contains all of the

textual information (author genre character setting tone/mood and action/event)p textual information (author, genre, character, setting, tone/mood, and action/event)."I know" Information from students’ background knowledge."I learned" The revised predictions at the end of the predicting process."I see"/"I read" Information from the text.Inaccurate predictions Prediction unrelated to text features/exposition (ex. Goldilocks will play with aliens on Mars.)p ed ct o sMonitoring predictions Continuously enhancing, adjusting and abandoning predictions while reading.

Predict The process in which students previews text, creates predictions and monitors predictions.Precise prediction A very specific prediction based on an accurate understanding of the previewed text features/exposition.Preview The first step in making a prediction. Uses all available textual information by referencing the visual cues.Visual cues Text features that assist in predicting such as title, illustrations, and so on.

Summarizing Actual plot Enhanced, adjusted and corrected predictions combined into the beginning, middle and end of the story.

Key Point/Idea In fiction: major plot pointsIn non narrative: sub topsy In non-narrative: sub-tops

Predicted plot Predictions based a preview of the exposition.Summarize(fiction)

The process in which students add events in order (plot), or identify the theme.

Theme Universal truth set in the context of the

Uni ersal tr ths Theme starters on the graphic organizers. They are concepts that transcend culture, race, time, gender, age,


Universal truths g p g y p , , , g , g ,creed, etc.

Interesting paragraph

Contains interesting examples but has the same important information as a previous paragraph. There are no new key points.


Summarizing Summarize The process in which students add key points from paragraphs into a summation of the text.(nonfiction)Transition Paragraph

A paragraph that connects one paragraph to the next without giving any new information. There are no key points.

ConnectingConnecting Viable connection Connected information from students’ background knowledge that adds information to text.

Connection is not related to an important aspect of the text.Focused connection

Connected information from the students’ background knowledge that adds information to an important aspect of the text..

InferringInference vs. Assumption

An Inference is a logical decision based on textual evidence and the individual’s background knowledge. An Assumption is an interpretation that is solely based on background knowledge and has no textual support.

T t l E id Clues purposely placed by the author ranging from subtle to conspicuous. The reader must use an Textual Evidence C ues pu pose y p aced by t e aut o a g g o subt e to co sp cuous e eade ust use ainferring antennae tuned to the text to find the clues.

Conspicuous A clue that is obvious.Subtle A clue that is almost hidden, barely visible.

Strategy Streaming


Strategy Streaming Strategy Streaming Blending one strategy into the next to deeply comprehend text

Possible Time Line for C h i I t tiComprehension Instruction

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May

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Primary Text PromptsBunny Cakes How did Max accomplish his goal?by Rosemary Wells

Text PromptsWill We Miss Them? Explain why these animals are Endangered Species endangered.by Alexandra Wright

The Relatives Came How do you know this family likesby Cynthia Rylant its relatives?

Keepers Is Kenyon a good by Jeri Hanel Watts and grandson? Why or why not? Felicia Marshall

y g(pp. 1-8; eagle-panda)

What Makes You Cough, Explain how blinking helps yourSneeze, Burp, Hiccup, eyes.Blink, Yawn, Sweat,

Felicia Marshall

Betsy Who Cried Wolf! Explain how Betsy showed she was by Gail Carson Levine determined to succeed.

Cross-Country Cat How does Henry show his

and Shiver?by Jean Stangl

How Do Animals Adapt? Explain how animals adapt to the by Bobbie Kalman seasons.

C oss Cou t y Cat o does e y s o sby Mary Calhoun determination to find his family?

Healthy Food Explain how food keeps you healthy.by Angela Royston(pp. 12-13, 14-15, 18-19, 20 21 d 2 2 )

A Picnic in October Explain why the boy changes his by Eve Bunting mind about the party for Lady Liberty.

Alejandro’s Gift Explain Alejandro’s gift.by Richard Albert

20-21, and 24-25)Farmer Duck Why do the animals help the duck?by Martin Waddell

Intermediate Text PromptsThe Summer My Father Explain why the author’s father Was Ten helped Mr. Bellavista replant his by Pat Brisson garden.

Text PromptsIf You Lived at the Time What did women and children do to of the American help the Continental Army?Revolutionb K M

Dandelions How did Papa make Nebraska by Eve Bunting Territory their home?

Mr. Lincoln’s Whiskers How does Grace show that she has

by Kay Moore(pp. 42-43)

Lightning Explain how thunderheads form.by Stephen Kramer(pp 30-35)

by Karen Winnick her own opinions?

26 Fairmount Avenue Explain what kind of person Tomie’sby Tomie DePaola mother was.(pp 1 8)

(pp. 30-35)

How Many Days to Explain what Thanksgiving means to America? A Thanksgiving this family. Story by Eve Bunting (pp. 1-8)

Out of Darkness Why did Louis Braille have such a by Russell Freedman hard time getting people to use his (pp. 57-66) raised-dot alphabet?

y g

The Story of Money Explain how early people used other by Betsy Maestro objects instead of money to get what (pp. 3-13) they needed.

Cut From the Same Cloth How did Sal earn her reputation for by Robert D. San Souci being brave?(pp. 51-55)

America’s Champion Why does Gertrude say, “All the by Gertrude Ederle women of the world will celebrate,”

after she swims across the English Channel?

Mrs. Mack How did Patricia change from the by Patricia Polacco beginning to the end of the story?

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