STUDY ON HYPERTENSION AMONG THE MBBS STUDENTS IN N.R.S. MEDICAL COLLEGE NAME OF THE GROUP MEMBERS :

Roll no.Name166Ankan Sardar167Sanjay Saha168Abir Chowdhury169Atmadeep Biswas170Soumitra Mondal171Bhaskar Barai172Ananya Saha173Jagadish Sing174Priyanka Majumdar175Subhajit Mondal176Umul Murmu177Baisali Biswas178xxx179Subhasish Mandal180Pradipta BeheraIntroduction :High blood pressure, terms hypertension is a condition that affects almost 1 billion people worldwide.

It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

Half of the hypertensive are not even aware of their high blood pressure and it affects almost every organ of our body and leads to death, therefore the disease is called the Silent Killer.

Two types of hypertension:

1.Primary(or essential) hypertension: cause is unknown, 90-95% cases. 2.Secondary hypertension: 5-10% cases, results secondary to renal disease, endocrine disorder etc.

Studies reveal that in India, hypertension is emerging as a major health problem and is more in urban than in rural subjects.

Growing trend of high prevalence of hypertension in a developing country:

The prevalence pattern of hypertension in developing countries occurs a decade earlier than developed countries.

Various risk factors might have contributed to this rising trend among young age group.

Hypertension can be prevented by simple modification if undertaken at early stage. OBJECTIVES:To access the socio-demographic characteristics of the study population.

To determine the presence of risk factors related with hypertension.

To find the prevalence of hypertension among the MBBS students. Methodology: Type of study:- Observational descriptive epidemiological study.Study design:- Cross sectionalStudy period:- 3rd sept - 3rd oct, 2013

Study population:- 1st & 2nd year MBBS students of NRS Medical College.

Sampling:- Purposive sampling among the students of 1st and 2nd year considered for the study who were available at the study period.

Sample size:- 261 students.

Study tools:- 1.Predesigned pretested schedule containing- a. Socio-demographic pattern b. Measurement of height, weight, B.P. c. Factors responsible behind hypertension like diet, exercise, addiction, etc.

2. Aneroid/Mercury sphygmomanometer 3. Standard weighing machine 4.Measuring tape STUDY TECHNIQUEInterview:- The subjects were briefed about our study on hypertension. Then we asked them to give correct information of the given questions in the proforma and all the documents were thereby enlisted.

Measurements:-1.Height measurement:-

The subjects were instructed to stand bare footed where heels, buttocks & occiput touching the wall.He was asked to look straight ahead and make sure the line of sight(Frankfort plan) was level with the floor.Big hair style was to be flattened as much as possible.Now their height were measured by measuring tape and then converting it into meter.

2.Weight measurement:-

Weighing machines were checked and adjusted to zero level between each measurements.

The subjects were asked to stand steadily without having any accessory with him/her.

It was noted subjects should not be in contact with external support.12

CLASSIFICATION OF BMI ACCORDING TO WHO CRITERIA : 3. BP Measurement:-BP was measured in sitting posture with Aneroid Sphygmomanometer with appropriate cuff size that covers 2/3rd of the upper arm.It was ensured that the subject rests for at least 5 minutes.In this way BP was measured for 2 times .Finally the average of 2 measurements were calculated.

Blood pressure classification according to JNC VIIPROCEDURE Brief discussion about the project

From a numbers of topic, one topic was selected after discussion among our teammates and respected teacher

For implementation of the project a questionnaire was done by review of literature and consultation with experts

The questionnaire was pretested among us

The finally corrected questionnaire was printed

Informed consent was taken from subjects

BP, Height and Weight were measured and other data were collected by distributing the proformas among the subjectsAll the data were collected, compiled and analysed by Microsoft excel

The study was then presented

Finally a report based on entire study was written

Age Number %185320.30196625.28206324.14213212.2622207.662393.4424114.212572.50Total261100Table no.1Distribution of students according to age

Sex Number %Male 17265.9Female 8934.1261100Table no.2Distribution of students according to sexTotal

Academic yearNumber %1st year8632.952nd year17567.05Total261100Table no.3Distribution of students according to academic year

Religion Number %Hindu21682.75Muslim3714.17Others83.06261100Table no.4Distribution of students according to religionTotal

Residence Number %Urban 20377.78Rural 5822.22Total261100Table no.5Distribution of students according to residence

HistoryNumber%Yes 10540.22No 15659.78Total261100Table no.6Distribution of students according to family history of hypertension

Diagram 1.Pie chart showing family history of hypertensionMeals & snacks number Number %27428.3539837.5546524.90>4 93.45Irregular 155.75Total261100Table no.7Distribution of students according to number of meals & snacks

No of daysNumber %Infrequent 197.273 days/wk14053.63>3 days/wk10239.10Total261100Table no.8Distribution of students according to habit of eating fruits

No of daysNumber %Infrequent 207.663days/wk15659.77>3days/wk8532.57Total 261100Table no.9Distribution of students according to habit of eating fast foods

No of daysNumber%Infrequent 72.683days/wk8331.81>3days/wk17165.51Total261100Table no.10Distribution of students according to habit of eating vegetables

No of daysNumber%Never 7026.823days/wk12748.66>3days/wk6424.52Total261100Table no.11Distribution of students according to no of days of exercise (at least for 30minutes/day)

Type

Number%(n=191)Walking 8745.54Jogging52.61Running21.04Other sports84.18Free hand157.85Gym115.75Others 63.14Table no.12Distribution of students according to types of exercise comment multiple responseAddiction Number%Yes 4216.09No 21983.91Total261100Table no.13Distribution of students according to having any types of addiction

Types Number%Nil 21983.90Smoking 2610.00Alcohol 197.27Chewing tobacco51.91Others 103.83Table no.14Distribution of students according to types of addiction comment multiple responseDiagram 2.Bar diagram showing distribution of students according to types of addictionTable no. 15Distribution Of Students According To BMI (according to WHO criteria) BMI Number %Underweight 1606.13Normal 18771.64Overweight 5822.22Pre-obese 4818.39Obese class-1702.61Obese class-2200.76Obese class-3100.38Table no.16Category of hypertensionNumber %Normal 12347.13Prehypertensive 13451.35Stage I Hypertensive 200.76Stage IIHypertensive 200.76Total 261100.00Distribution of students according to hypertensionDiagram 3.Pie chart showing distribution of students according to hypertensionMost of the students belong to age group 18 - 20 years.65.9% are male, only one third of students are female.Among the study population majority are second year.Among the study population majority are Hindu. Among the study population majority have residence in urban areas.40.22% of study subjects have family history of hypertension.Above 50% of students having fruits 3 days/wk.32.57% of students having fast food 3 days/wk.26.82% of students never exercise.16.09% of students are addicted.Above 50% of students are prehypertensive.Majority of students(71.5%)have normal BMI, but almost 22% of students are overweight.

Summary Recommendation : Fruits & vegetables should be taken regularly. Junk foods should be avoided. Proper nutrition (DASH diet) should be taken. Excess salt intake should be restricted. Exercise should be done regularly, especially by overweight subjects. Any type of addiction should be avoided.

Conclusion : Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide.Majority of the students are pre hypertensive, and have various risk factors related to hypertension. Avoiding the risk factors will help to prevent hypertension in future and prolongs life.Many people have hypertension without awareness and treatment of the disease, indicating it is necessary to provide some basic knowledge and essential information of hypertension.

39 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Project has to be completed within a short period of time.

It is not possible to contact all the students of 1st & 2nd year.

Data according to answer provided by them.

We convey our sincere gratitude to our H.O.D of community medicine department Dr. Anima Halder and special thanks to our professor Dr. Indira Dey and my fellow classmates to co-operate with us, for completion of our project named Study on hypertension among the MBBS students in NRS medical college whole heartedly .Acknowledgement :

Thank you