HISTOLOGY FINAL WRITTEN EXAM1. As air passes from the outer environment into the lower reaches of the respiratorysystem it passes through a series of tubes. Which is the correct order for these tubes:

A. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, terminal bronchiole, respiratorybronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus.

B. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, respiratory bronchiole, terminalbronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus

C. Trachea, lobar bronchi, primary bronchus, respiratory bronchiole, terminalbronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus

D. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, respiratory bronchiole, terminalbronchiole, alveolus, alveolar duct.

E. Primary bronchus, trachea, lobar bronchi, terminal bronchiole, respiratorybronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus.

2. If you wanted to increase the resolution of a microscope you could:A. Use toludine blue rather than H&E stainB. Use illuminating light of lower wavelengthC. Apply more concentrated stain to your specimenD. Use your microscope in a room with faint lightE. Use ocular lenses of higher magnification

3. All of the following are discrete endocrine glands EXCEPT?A. PituitaryB. PinealC. AdrenalsD. PancreasE. Thyroid

4. Blood is filtered specifically by which of the following organs/tissues:A. Renal glomerulus and splenic red pulpB. Choriocapillaris and superficial vascular plexus in upper reticular dermisC. Lymph node medulla and choroid plexusD. Bone marrow and secondary capillary plexus of adenohypophysisE. Lymphatic capillaries and hepatic sinusoids

5. All of the following may be found in the normal dermis EXCEPT:A. Merkel cellsB. Meissner corpusclesC. Langerhans cellsD. blood vesselsE. smooth muscle fibers

6. Which is not correct concerning circumvallate papillae:A. They have numerous taste buds in their lateral wallB. They are surrounded by a deep groove.C. They are associated with the serous glands of von EbnerD. They contain taste buds in their dorsal surfaceE. They form a V shaped row between the anterior and posterior tongue

- 1 -

7. The adult male breast lacks:A. Terminal ductsB. Myoepithelial cellsC. Segmental ductsD. Fibrous tissueE. Acini

8. Which of the following is correct concerning the false vocal cords:A. Moving from the oral cavity they are distal to the true vocal cordsB. The vocal ligaments lie beneath the epithelium.C. There are numerous serous glands beneath the epitheliumD. They contain large bundles of skeletal muscleE. They are covered by a stratified squamous epithelium.

9. The vagina has all of the following EXCEPT:A. GlandsB. CollagenC. AdventitiaD. LymphaticsE. Nerves

10. Cytocrine secretion is found:A. When small pieces of cytoplasm are removed from developing spermatids.B. As melanocytes transfer melonosomes to keratinocytesC. Is found near peyers patchesD. Uniquely in ependymal cellsE. Goes through cyclic phases in the ectocervix

11. The cells which produce cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS are:A. Glial cell of the gray matterB. Ependymal cells of the terminal gangliaC. Ependymal ces in gray matterD. Pia mater cellsE. Ependymal cells in the lateral ventricles

14. The lamina densa:A. makes contact with basal keratinocytesB. is visible only by light microscopyC. contains the extracellular component of hemidesmosomesD. is an attachment point for anchoring fibrilsE. contains tonofilaments

13. During a wild weekend before exams, you and a group of friends pay a visit to Roger'sRattlesnake Ranch. No sooner than do you get out of the car when you are bitten onthe leg by some unknown insect. Immediately a large welt forms and your leg begins toitch terribly. It is obvious you are allergic to whatever venom the evil insect injected intoyou. Your classmates are oblivious to your discomfort and instead begin discussingperforming a skin biopsy at the site of the bite (after all, they were able to do a fairly

- 2 -

good job in Gross Anatomy lab). They correctly state that if they were to look at ahistologic section of this area of your skin, they would expect to see:A. Formation of cartilage islands.B. A lack of Type I collagen.C. An abundance of eosinophils in the underlying dermis.D. Proliferation of Sertoli cells in the subdermis.E. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands.

14. During erythropoiesis it takes approximately how long for a basophilic normoblast in thebone marrow to become a mature RBC in the peripheral circulation?A. 1 monthB. 60 daysC. 12 hrsD. 7 daysE. 24 hrs

15. During your final Histology laboratory, you look at a toluidine blue-stained slide of theepididymis. It brings back fond memories of your very first Histology lab when youlooked at this same slide (trust me, you did). Your eyes are beginning to tear a bit asyou realize how much you have learned, and then you notice a cell (actually there areseveral of them) in the connective tissue. They have a centrally placed, sphericalnucleus and their cytoplasm is full of large basophilic granules. In some of the cells thegranules are so abundant they actually obscure the nucleus. You also note that thesecells are easiest to find in the connective tissue around the blood vessels. These cellsare most likely:A. EosinophilsB. MelanocytesC. Leydig cellsD. Plasma cellsE. Mast cells

16. The zona pellucida first appears in:A. Secondary folliclesB. Tertiary folliclesC. Primordial folliclesD. Primary folliclesE. Antral follicles

17. Although you were supposed to be studying for Finals, you decide to meet some classmates at Barry's Buccaneer Bar for a quick bite. While waiting for your Pirate Burger (supersized with Shiver-Me-Timbers Tater Tots), you notice this little orange thing sticking out of one of your classmate's ears. It becomes obvious that there is an earplug in her external auditory meatus. Since you ARE studying for Finals, your brain immediately begins churning through everything you know about the ear and you are certain that the external auditory meatus:

A. Houses the crista ampullaris.B. Originates at the modiolus.C. Contains the auditory ossicles.D. Is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium.E. Contains ceruminous glands.

- 3 -

18. The connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of nerves in the PNS is the:A. fasciaB. endoneuriumC. ectoneuriumD. perineuriumE. gristle

19. A patient is found to be suffering from weight loss, reduced muscle mass and adiminished lymphocyte count. An increased synthesis and release of which of thefollowing products is the likely cause?A. CortisolB. AdrenalineC. IgAD. ParathormoneE. Aldosterone

20. All of the following are true of bone matrix EXCEPT:A. Is a storage site for calciumB. Contains glycoproteinsC. Comprises predominantly Type II collagenD. The organic component is known as osteoidE. Contains glycosaminoglycans

21. Nodes of Ranvier are:A. Interruptions in the myelin sheathB. Aggregates of red blood cell precursors receiving iron from a macrophageC. Innervations of osteo- and chondroclastsD. Ganglia in the female reproductive systemE. Specialized nerve termini in the hepatic portal tract

22. Which of the following is true?A. The most common neuron is the bipolar neuronB. Duodenal Brunner's glands are elaborate endocrine glandsC. The cytoskeletal fibrous element with the smallest diameter is the microtubuleD. Venous valves are more frequent than those of the lymphatic systemE. Microglial cells are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system

23. Which of the following statements about the gallbladder is FALSE?A. The adventitia consists of dense connective tissue and is continuous with

Stenson's capsule.B. Luminal folds of the mucosa are lined by columnar epithelium.C. Approximately one liter of bile is collected and concentrated in the gallbladder

every day.D. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin which is produced by

cells in the duodenum.E. The smooth muscle of the gallbladder does not form well-developed layers, and

there is no muscularis mucosa.

- 4 -

21. A 55-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with overwhelming sepsis due to abacterial infection. Examination of various tissues of her body would be expected toshow each of the following EXCEPT:A. Increased numbers of segmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood.B. Proliferation of B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.C. Increased numbers of plasma cells in the peripheral blood.D. Enlarged lymph nodes with numerous secondary follicles.E. Formation of Malpighian corpuscles in the spleen.

25. Which of the following is incorrect concerning adult teeth:A. Cementum can be produced by cementocytesB. The pulp cavity can diminish in size with age.C. Fibers from the periodontal ligament anchor the tooth in the socket.D. Enamel is worn away by friction and not replacedE. Dentine is continuously deposited by ameloblasts

26. Which of the following pairs of bands/lines, change in width during contraction/relaxation?A. I band and H bandB. I band and A bandC. Z line and H bandD. M line and I bandE. A band and H band

Matching: For each numbered item (Column 1), choose the letter of the mostclosely related item in Column 2. Each answer can be used once, more thanonce or not at all.

27. Mixed Salivary glands with serous A. Parotid glanddemilunes, discharging secretions via B. Submandibular glandWharton's duct. C. Sublingual gland

28. Serous glands without striated ducts D. Exocrine pancreasor myoepithelial cells. E. Endocrine pancreas

29. Primarily mucous glands30. Discrete vascular areas with cells

which produce insulin, glucagon andsomatostatin.

31. In Gross Anatomy lab, while performing a dissection of the thorax of your 89-year-oldcadaver, you search for the thymus. You remove a piece of tissue from the anteriormediastinum. If this is thymic tissue, a histologic section should show:A. Several clusters of Hofbauer cells.B. Numerous Type I and II collagen fibers.C. Large numbers of ependymal cells.D. Mostly fat and connective tissue with a few remnants of thymus.E. Lymphoid follicles, many with germinal centers.

- 5 -

32. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Kupffer cells are the source of bile in the liver.B. Ito cells are found in the space of Disse.C. The blood flow in the liver is towards the portal vein.D. Bile canaliculi are lined by cuboidal epithelium.E. In the normal human liver, dense fibrous bands connect the portal tracts.

33. The functional state of the thyroid can be determined by a number of characteristics.Which of the following groups of characteristics can best determine the functional stateof this tissue?A. Size of follicular cells; size of parafollicular cells; number of intra-follicular villiB. Serum tyrosine concentration; number of follicular cells; serum iodine

concentrationC. Size of follicles; number of 'C' cells; vascularityD. Increased number of acidophils; reduced number of basophils; increased ACTH

releaseE. Size and shape of epithelium; size of follicles; amount of colloid

34. Choose the correct answer. A cartilage capsule:A. Is eosinophilicB. Is the part of the matrix around a lacunaC. Is composed of chondroblastsD. Contains fibrous and chondrogenic layersE. Is highly cellular

35. Concerning skeletal muscle structure, which of the following is FALSE?A. A muscle fiber is surrounded by an endomysiumB. Many muscle fibers are innervated by a single axonC. Bundles of muscle fascicles are surrounded by an epimysiumD. A muscle fascicle is surrounded by a perimysiumE. T-tubules and terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum form dyads

36. Choose the correct answer regarding bone:A. Osteoclasts produce bone matrixB. Bones lengthen via endochondral ossificationC. Bones can undergo appositional and interstitial growthD. Skull bones form by endochondral ossificationE. The epiphysis is required for intramembranous ossification

37. A major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is:A. synthesis of hormonesB. phosphorylation of small peptidesC. glycosylation of proteinsD. storage of triglyceridesE. synthesis of antibodies

- 6 -

38. Choose the correct answer regarding cartilage:A. Elastic cartilage can undergo appositional and interstitial growthB. Fibrocartilage is the type of cartilage that is found in the nostrilsC. Chondroblasts produce the cartilage matrixD. Is highly vascularE. Chondroblasts are located in lacuna in the matrix

39. The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are:A. contain the fovea and optic nerve head respectfullyB. criss-crossed by zonular fibersC. separated by the irisD. filled with aqueous and vitreous humor respectfullyE. separated by the cornea

40. The following is a histological feature of all parts of the collecting system (intra- andextrarenal):A. Muscularis with 2 layers of smooth muscleB. Muscularis with 3 layers of smooth muscleC. Stratified squamous epitheliumD. Transitional epitheliumE. A distinct serosa

41. Due to the presence of a large number of tubular glands which of the following has alamina propria in which it is difficult to see plasma cells, collagen fibers, lymphocytes,macrophages and eosinophils?A. large intestineB. anal canalC. jejunumD. gastric stomachE. appendix

42. Which segment of the nephron is present in all zones of the kidney (cortex and innerand outer medulla).A. Collecting tubule/ductB. Thick ascending limbC. Thick descending limbD. Thin limbsE. Distal convoluted tubule

43. Longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle are found in:A. muscularis mucosa of the esophagusB. the umbilical vein and arteriesC. parietal pericardiumD. the tongueE. elastic arteries

- 7 -

44. Principle and intercalated cells are present in the following segment of the nephron:A. Thick descending limbB. Thin limbsC. Collecting tubuleD. Proximal convoluted tubuleE. Distal ascending tubule

45. Soft" keratin is NOT:A. found in the inner root sheath of the hair follicleB. produced via trichohyaline granulesC. found in the stratum corneumD. produced by tricholemmal keratinizationE. produced via keratohyaline granules

MATCHING: For each numbered item (column 1), choose the letter of the mostclosely related item in column 2. Each answer can be used once, more thanonce, or not all. (NOTE: Scantron allows only 5 choices in column 2, you'relimited to "a, b, c, d, & e")

COLUMN 1 COLUMN 246. Renin A. Major site of concentration of filtrate47. Glomerular basement membrane B. Angiotensin II48. Collecting duct C. Major site of reabsorption of filtrate49. Proximal tubule D. Role in filtration of plasma

E. Also called the "diluting segment"

50. You are called on to start an IV infusion on a patient who is severely dehydrated. Asyour needle passes through the epidermis and dermis and approaches the vein in yourpatients arm it will pass through (in order) which of the following until it reaches thebloodstream?A. thick t. adventitia with large bundles of longitudinal muscle, thin t. media, no t.

intimaB. Thin t. adventitia, thin t. media, no t. intimaC. thin t adventitia, thick t. media, thin t. intimaD. Fairly sizable t. adventitia, not much t. media, a thin t. intima and a simple

squamous epitheliumE. thick to. media, thick t. intima, simple squamous epithelium

51. Smooth muscle elaborates to form three longitudinal bundles in the muscularis externaof which region of the GI tract?A. RectumB. AppendixC. ColonD. EsophagusE. Ileum

- 8 -

52. All are true regarding the renal blood circulation, EXCEPT:A. Interlobar arteries branch off into arcuate arteriesB. Interlobular arterioles branch off into afferent arteriolesC. Blood flow from the cortex and medulla are completely separateD. Arcuate arteries branch off into interlobular arteriesE. Blood leaving efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons branch off into

peritubular capillaries, which supply the renel cortex

53. In which region would you expect to see skeletal muscle bundles running in manyplanes and directions?A. TongueB. Fallopian tubeC. LipD. EyelidE. Stomach

54. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. In the normal human liver, dense fibrous bands connect the portal tracts.B. Ito cells are found in the space of Disse.C. Kupffer cells are the source of bile in the liver.D. The blood flow in the liver is towards the portal vein.E. Bile canaliculi are lined by cuboidal epithelium.

55. Ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder merge and enter the papilla of Vader. Whereis this located?A. DuodenumB. JejunumC. ColonD. RectumE. Gastric stomach

56. The length of a sarcomere in striated skeletal muscle is approximately?A. 50pmB. 2pmC. 10pmD. 5pmE. 100 um

57. A 10-year-old boy is found to have thrombocytopenia (a decreased number of plateletsin his peripheral blood) about a week after a viral infection. Which of the followingproblems is he most likely to have related to the thrombocytopenia?A. Decreased ability to deliver oxygen to tissuesB. Decreased resistance to bacterial infectionC. Decreased ability to control bleedingD. Decreased levels of antibodiesE. Decreased levels of basic major protein

- 9 -

58. If a bone marrow biopsy were to be performed as part of this patient's work up forthrombocytopenia, which of the following cells types would be of particular interest?A. MacrophagesB. MegakaryocytesC. PronormoblastsD. Hemosiderin laden macrophagesE. Myeloblasts

59. With a viral infection, this patient would be most likely to have which of the followingfindings in his peripheral blood?A. Increased number of neutrophilsB. Decreased number of neutrophilsC. Increased number of lymphocytesD. Decreased number of lymphocytesE. Increased number of eosinophils

60. Three weeks after the viral infection, the patient is found to have an increase inantibodies in his blood. Which of the following cell types is responsible for theproduction of these antibodies?A. NeutrophilsB. Plasma cellsC. PlateletsD. Monocyte"sE. Basophils

- 10 -

HISTOLOGY FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM

1. This light micrograph of the glomerus shows:A. Renal cortex and inner medullaB. Renal cortex and inter stripeC. Renal cortex and outer stripeD. Renal cortex onlyE. Inner medulla only

2. Each of the following is true of this area, EXCEPT:A. It is composed of loose connective tissue.B. Type I collagen is present.C. Meissner's plexus is found here.D. Lymphocytes are present in large numbers.E. It is designed for flexibility.

3. Thick skin, as seen here, may have all of the following features EXCEPT:A. Stratum lucidumB. Hair FolliclesC. Thick epidermisD. Eccrine glandsE. Papillary dermis

4. Actin is anchored at this line in the muscle fiber by which of the following?A. TroponinB. TropomyosinC. ActininD. FillagrinE. Type VII Collagen

5. At this region, the axons from the neural retina are passing through which specializationof the sclera to form the optic nerve?A. ora serataB. Schlemm's trabeculaeC. Corneal stromaD. Ganglion cell layerE. lamina cribrosa

6. Which of the following statements concerning this structure is correct?A. Blood flow is away from this structure towards the portal tracts.B. The canals of Hering are adjacent to this structure.C. This structure empties into the hepatic vein.D. Bile flow is towards this structure where the bile is then drained.E. Nerves usually run in close proximity to this structure.

- 11 -

7. This electron micrograph is a representation of:A. Mesangial matrix and cellsB. Glomerular filtration barrierC. Basement membrane and visceral epithelial cells onlyD. Basement membrane and endothelial cells onlyE. Bowman's capsule and parietal epithelial cells

8. This structure:A. Develops from the second pharyngeal pouchB. Grows up from the roof of the mouth -C. Arises from Rathke's pouchD. Grows down from the diencephalonE. Comprises half of the pituitary

9. The round objects indicated by the arrow are:A. Capillaries in a ganglionB. Unilocular fatC. Satellite cells in the PNSD. Capillaries in peripheral nerveE. Capillaries in smooth muscle bundle

10. The primary function of this tissue is best described as:A. Immune surveillance.B. Maintenance of calcium concentrations.C. Humidification of incoming air.D. Production of estrogen.E. Digestion of food.

11. Choose the correct answer:A. This tissue is found in highest concentration in the newbornB. This tissue lacks a blood supplyC. This is a site of energy storageD. Heat production occurs hereE. Osteoprogenitor cells give rise to this tissue

12. In a normal adult tooth the material in this location would NOT contain:A. OdontoblastsB. FibroblastsC. CollagenD. NervesE. Ameloblasts

13. What is this structure called?A. LunulaB. MatrixC. HyponychiumD. Nail bedE. Root

- 12 -

14. The esosinophic structures indicated by the arrow consist of what material?A. Minute Type I collagenB. Clara cellsC. Pulmonary surfactantD. Smooth muscleE. Wisps of elastin

15. The small dark structures indicated by the arrow:A. are motileB. are under the influence of androgen binding proteinC. are Type A spermatogoniaD. possess a haploid number of chromosomesE. move next to the rete testis

16. The structure shown:A. Is a remnant of the Wolfian ductB. Is a remnant of the mesonephric ductC. Is formed by squamous re-epithelializationD. Is termed adenomyosisE. Is an occluded vaginal gland

17. Which is NOT true concerning these cells surrounding this vesselA. They synthesize and secrete catecholaminesB. They can be considered as modified neural cellsC. Have preganglionic innervationD. They can be referred to as Chromaff in cellsE. They contain large amounts of lipid

18. This structure:A. Is derived from the motherB. Is rich in lymphaticsC. Usually contains cytotrophoblastic cellsD. Is the innermost lining of the embryonic cavityE. Fuses with the decidua basalis

19. Which part of the nephron is being indicated by the arrow?A. proximal tubuleB. medullary collecting ductC. vasa rectaD. descending think limbE. cortical collecting duct

- 13 -

20. Dr. VanWinkle runs to Dr. Heck saying he can't tell what this tissue is because the label is missing. As a result:

A. Dr. Hartwell bides with "Pineal, of course"B. Dr. Diane Bick scolds "Pineal obviously"C. Dr. Roger Bick moans "Pineal stupid"D. Dr. Uthman nicely replies "Simply pineal"E. Dean Buja forms 3 committees all of whom, after conferring for 3 weeks, cometo the conclusion that "It is positively compact bone".

- 14 -

HISTOLOGY 2002FINAL EXAM

1 A 21 A 41 D2 B 22 E 42 A3 D 23 A 43 A4 A 24 C 44 C5 A 25 E 45 D6 D 26 A 46 B7 E 27 B 47 D8 C 28 D 48 A9 A 29 C 49 C

10 B 30 E 50 D11 E 31 D 51 C12 D 32 B 52 E13 C 33 E 53 A14 D 34 B 54 B15 E 35 E 55 A16 A 36 B 56 B17 E 37 A 57 C18 D 38 A 58 B19 A 39 C 59 C20 C 40 D 60 B

FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM1 C2 C3 B4 C5 E6 C7 B8 D9 A

10 A11 C12 E13 D14 D15 D16 C17 E18 D19 E20 A

- 15 -