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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-01409-1 - The Origins of Israeli Mythology: Neither Canaanites nor CrusadersDavid OhanaIndexMore information

249

A. L. Haran, (Yonatan Ratosh pen name), 82A. Paran, (Yonatan Ratosh pen name), 82Aaronsohn, Ran, 161Aaronsohn, Sarah, 188Abel (bible), 204Abraham (bible), 29, 111–112, 119–120, 205Agassi, Yosef, 20Ahad Ha-am, 18, 39, 41, 48, 52–53, 57–58,

60, 92Ahimeir, Abba, (Abba Shaul Geisinovich), 75Ahimeir, Yaakov, 147Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 10, 162Alboim-Dror, Rahel, 75Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the

Great), 186Allon, Azariah, 169Allon, Yigael, 125, 158Aloni, Shulamit, 78Alterman, Natan, 125, 193Altman, Yehoshua, 108Amichai, Yehuda, 167Amir, Aharon, 27, 77, 90, 140–141, 147, 189,

190, 201, 210Amir, Enda, 119Amir, Ya’akov, 177Anderson, Benedict, 17Applefeld, Aharon, 9, 162Arafat, Yasser, 134, 178–179Arbel, Benjamin, 171Arendt, Hannah, 19Arens, Moshe, 22, 115Ariel, Yehuda, 169Arieli, Joshua, 79–80, 159Aroch, Arieh, 194Asali, Ziad, 174Asch, Shalom, 192Avi Yona, Michael, 143

Avineri, Shlomo, 146Avneri, Uri, 16, 76–78, 142, 160–161, 177Azaryahu, Maoz, 192

Baba Sali (Rabbi Yisrael Abuhatzeira), 31Bar, Israel, 170Barel Kurzweil, Yehudit, 41Bar-Kochba, 19, 41, 112, 117, 143Baron, Shalom, 135Baruch, Bernard, 83Bathsheba (bible), 70Baum, Sander, 45Be’er, Haim, 116, 123, 127, 212Begin, Menachem, 59, 76Behor, Guy, 178Belkind, Israel, 74Ben-Ami, Aharon, 152Ben-Avi, Itamar, 35, 188Ben-Bella, Ahmed, 219Ben-David, David, 107, 122Ben-Dov, Meir, 171–172Ben-Gurion, David, 35, 59, 76, 77, 88, 91–92,

94–95, 104, 151–152, 154, 161, 170, 186, 187, 188

Ben Ezer, Ehud, 90, 164Ben-Gurion, Emanuel, 54Benhabib, Dolly, 207–208Benjamin, Walter, 32, 91, 116Ben-Jelloun, Tahar, 216Ben Shaul, Moshe, 192Ben-Shlomo, Yosef, 23Ben Sira, Nahum, 106, 108Benvenisti, Meron, 146, 149, 175–176,

208–209Ben Ya’akov, Yohanan, 106, 120, 122, 124Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 74Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak, 35, 73–74, 143

Name Index

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Name Index250

Berdichevsky, Micha Josef, 25, 39, 41, 48, 50–62, 75, 91, 92, 96, 193

Bergman, Samuel Hugo, 17Bergson, Henri, 48, 50, 53Bergson, Peter, 76Berman, Yona, 105–106Betzer, Oded, 168Beybars, (l-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din

Baibars al-Bunduqdari) 133, 144, 172Bhabha, Homi K, 214Bialik, Haim Nachman, 220Bin Laden, Osama, 28, 180, 223Bin Nun, Joshua, 80Biton, Erez, 171, 190Black, Max, 1Blum, Léon, 83Boas, Adrian, 176Bonaparte, Napoleon, 81, 132, 182, 186Boshes, Hedda, 192Bourghiba, Habib, 219Boyarin, Jonathan, 20Brandes, Georg, 39Braudel, Fernand, 185, 192, 223Breinin, Reuven, 39Brenner, Yosef Haim, 42–45, 48–49, 58, 75Breuer, Mordechai, 119Brinker, Menachem, 42Bronowski, Yoram, 196, 211–212Buber, Martin, 44, 46–47, 199Bush, George, 180

Cain (bible), 204Calderon, Nissim, 209Camus, Albert, 194, 199, 208–214, 216Cassirer, Ernst, 100Cavafy, Constantine Petrou, 212Che Guevara, Ernesto, 179Cialente, Fausta, 201Cohen, Hermann, 19Cohen, Ya’akov, 43

Danziger, Yitzhak, 13–14Dasuki, Mahmoud, 174David (bible), 24, 65–66, 68–69, 80,

111–112, 133, 176, 186Davidovsky, Uriel, 45Dayan, Moshe, 76, 142, 177De Beauvoir, Simone, 207De Gaulle, Charles, 212De Touron, Gerôme, 166Dinur, Ben-Zion, 159Dionysian (Greek mythology), 41–42,

65–66, 68Dizengoff, Meir, 192Dodu, Gaston, 151

Dor, Moshe, 192Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 45Dov Goitein, Shlomo, 34, 184, 224Drori, Joseph, 171Dubnow, Shimon, 135, 162Dumézil, Georges, 89Durrell, Lawrence George, 209, 212

Eban, Abba, 107–108, 197Ehrenpreis, Mordechai, 39, 41Einstein, Albert, 215Elam, Yigael, 20el-Asli, Shukri, 173Elazar the Maccabee, 120Eldad, Israel, 49, 59, 60–62, 66–67,

147, 170el-Hariri, Said Ali, 133El-Husseini, Gamal, 151Eliade, Mircea, 30, 47Eliav, Lova, 157el-Kassem, Samieh, 80–81, 174Ellenbaum, Ronnie, 148–149Erel, Nitza, 78Ernst Simon, Akibah, 25, 95–96, 100Evron, Boaz, 76–77Ezekiel (bible), 187Ezra and Nehemiah (bible), 85

Fackenheim, Emil, 180Feierberg, Mordechai Zeev, 35Feige, Michael, 123Feinberg, Absalom, 74Feuerbach, Ludwig, 47Fogel, Moshe, 138–139Förster – Nietzsche, Elisabeth, 54Frankel, Leo, 44Frankel, Zachariah, 54Frederick II (King of Prussia), 132, 173Freud, Sigmund, 18, 82, 215Frishman, David, 43

Gal, Rodei, 189Galili, Israel, 125Galwitz, Hans, 47Geiger, Abraham, 54Gerber, Haim, 177Gerber-Talmon, Yonina, 204Gershom Schocken, 141–142Ghanayem, Mohammed, 191Gidman, Moshe, 135Gnessin, Uri Nisan, 45Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 48Goitein, Shlomo Dov, 34, 184–185, 224Golomb, Eliyahu, 50Gomeh, Nili, 112






Name Index 251

Gordon, A.D, (Aaron david), 44–45, 48–49, 77

Gordon, Yehuda Leib, 41, 48Gorky, Maxim, 49Gottfried Herder, Johann, 44Gourevitch Horon, Adolph (Adia), 61, 76–78,

84–86, 89, 189Graetz, Heinrich, 11Graetz, Nurit, 89Graetz, Zvi, 135Greenspan, Naftali, 108Grinbaum, Yitzhak, 151Grousset, Rene, 151Guri, Haim, 18, 20, 23, 76, 101, 110–111Guttman, Nahum, 194

Habibi, Emil, 161Hacohen Kook, Yitzhak, 46, 102Ha-Etzni, Eliakim, 129Halbwachs, Maurice, 26, 109Halperin, Jeremiah, 189Halperin, Uriel,(Yonatan Ratosh), 82Hannibal, 143, 186, 189Haran, Menahem, 140Harari, Yizhar, 153Harel, Israel, 177–178Hayek, Dmitri, 151Hazan, Robert, 135Hazaz, Haim, 74, 86, 99Hefetz, Yehezkel, 44Hegel, Friedrich, 11, 53, 220Heidegger, Martin, 199Heimovitz, Shlomo, 106Herzl, Theodor, 35, 39, 44, 160Herzog, Haim, 170Hever, Hanan, 194Hillel, Ayin (Omer), 191Holtzman, Avner, 40Holzmann, Zvi, 102Horden, Peregrine, 185Huntington, Samuel, 28, 167Hussein, Saddam, 133Hutte, Hermann, 162

Ibn Sachi, Manhe E-Din, 180Ilaha, adam, 39Ilan, Zvi, 171Isaac (bible), 24, 111, 117–120, 205Ishmael (bible), 178, 205

Jabès, Edmond, 19, 216–219Jabotinsky, Ze’ev, 49–50, 86, 188–189Jacob (bible), 160, 203–204Japhet (bible), 35, 74Jefferson, Thomas, 80

Jehoshephat (bible), 187Jehovah (bible), 66, 68, 70Jesus, 40, 47, 173, 191, 211Judah Maccabee, 77Jung, Carl Gustav, 47–48

Kahanoff, Jacqueline, 2, 36, 198–221Kalthoff, Albert, 47Kant, Immanuel, 39, 100Karmiel, Shalom, 119Kashua, Sayed, 217Kastner, Rudolf Israel, 77Katznelson, Berl, 138Kauffman, Walter, 62, 66Kauffman, Yehezkel, 11Kedar, Benjamin Zeev, 147–148, 171Kedem, Ge’ula, 114Kimmerling, Baruch, 161King Baldwin (Baldwin IV of Jerusalem),

160, 168King Hussein (Hussein bin Talal), 125King of Salem (Melchizedek), 80Klatzkin, Yaakov, 74Klausner, Joseph, 35, 40–41, 95Knohl, Dov, 107Kolakovski, Leszek, 27Kolat, Israel, 76Kook, Hillel, 20, 76Kook, Zvi Yehuda, 90, 98, 123Kurzweil, Baruch, 16, 25, 41, 58, 61,

74–75, 82, 86, 89, 91, 96–98, 100, 127

Kushnir, Tuvia, 23

Lahover, Fishel, 51Laor, Dan, 74, 79, 141Lazare, Bernard, 19Lazarus, Moritz, 61Le Bon, Gustave, 53Leib Weisfish, Arieh, 46Leibowitz, Yeshayahu, 25, 93, 95, 98–99,

100, 178Leontiev, Konstantin, 54Lermontov, Mikhail Yuryevich, 45Lévinas, Emmanuel, 46, 202–203Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 27, 89, 129Levmor, Rahel, 117Libes, Yehuda, 89Lieb Lilienblum, Moses, 35, 41Lissac, Moshe, 146Livne, Ami, 169Livne, Eliezer, 99, 153London, Yaron, 17Lord Moyne (Walter Guinness), 50Lord Reading (Rufus Isaacs), 83






Name Index252

Maaluf, Amin, 175Madelin, Louis, 151Mahfouz, Najib, 216Malkin, Irad, 34, 195–196Marcus, Ivan (Israel), 136Margalit, Dan, 178Marx, Karl, 12, 93, 138, 215Mass, Danny, 23, 103Matalon, Ronit, 206Mazzini, Giuseppe, 52Meirovitch, Zvi, 194Melnik, Yosef, 54Melter, Zvi, 39Memmi, Albert, 213–216Mendel, Georges, 83Mendelssohn, Moses, 11Merezhovsky, Dmitri Sergeyevich, 45Merlin, Shemuel, 76Michael, Sami, 211Mickiewicz, Adam, 52Mintz, Adi, 126Miron, Dan, 89Mizrahi, Yoram, 173Mohammed, 191, 211Moked, Gabriel, 190Mordechai the Jew, 77Morgenthau, Henry, 83Moses (bible), 65, 67–69, 211Mosse, George, 118, 221Mueller, Ernst, 44Myers, David, 136

Nasser, Abdul, 133, 159Neeman, Shlomo, 172Netanyahu, Binyamin, 23, 178Neumark, David, 39, 46, 61Nietzsche, Friedrich, 2, 10–13, 38–71, 199Nisan, Mordechai, 170No’am, Vered, 126Nocke, Alexandra, 194Nofar, Esther, 105Nolde, Emil, 43Nordau, Max, 42, 44Nureddin, 133

Ofek, Uriel, 119Ofrat, Gideon, 194Olick, Jeffrey, 26Oz, Amos, 32, 163, 166, 173, 179, 193Oz, Kobi, 195

Pappe, Ilan, 161–162Patai, Raphael, 189Peled, Yossi, 10, 162

Pepper, Stephen, 2Peres, Shimon, 10, 156Pinkas, Israel, 192Pirenne, Henri, 184, 223Porat, Hanan, 24, 108–110, 124–125, 127, 129Porush, Meir, 78Prawer, Joshua, 33–34, 131, 143–152, 159,

171, 174–176, 184, 202, 223Prophet Zechariah (bible), 128Purcell, Nicholas, 185Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich, 45

Raanan, Yossi, 170Rabbi Amital, Yehuda, 122, 127Rabbi Bin-Nun, Yoel, 159Rabbi Elon, Binyamin, 102, 105Rabbi Froman, Menahem, 159Rabbi Goren, Shlomo, 107Rabbi Herzog, Yitzhak, 102Rabbi Kook, Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen, 46,

95–96, 98, 123Rabbi Kook, Zvi Yehuda, 90, 98, 123Rabbi Lau, Israel, 123Rabbi Lichtenstein, Aharon, 127Rabbi Nerya, Zvi Moshe, 107, 118Rabikovitz, Dalia, 164, 167Rabin, Yitzhak, 8, 126, 159–160, 196, 212Rabinovitz, Michael, 58Rabinowitz, Yaakov, 58, 163, 168Ram, Uri, 78Raskolnikov, Rodion Romanovich, 45Rathenau, Walter, 83Ratosh, Yonatan, 2, 16–17, 20, 31, 68, 73,

75–90, 96, 190Ravitsky, Avi, 29Rebecca (bible), 204Remez, David, 185Renan, Ernest, 23Reuveni, Aharon, 73Rey, Emmanuel, 151Richard the Lion-heart (Richard I of

England), 142Rivlin, Reuven, 23Robbins, Joyce, 26Rosenzweig, Franz, 19, 46Rotenberg, Aryeh, 128Rotenststreich, Natan, 95Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 10Rubinstein, Amnon, 178Runciman, Steven, 141–142, 152Ruth (bible), 69

Sa’ada, Anton , 17Sagan, Françoise, 206






Name Index 253

Saguy, Uri, 169Said, Edward, 28, 35, 183Saladin (Salah ed-Din el-Iobi), 112,

133–134, 142, 144, 159, 167–170, 173–174, 178–180, 223

Salome, Loui Andreas, 55Samson (bible), 178, 186Samuel (bible), 66, 112Sarah (from Jabès story), 218–219Sarid, Yossi, 173Sarkozy, Nicolas, 225Sartre, Jean-Paul, 207, 213Schimmel, Harold, 191Schmitt, Carl, 43, 100, 209Schneur, Zalman, 25, 41–42, 191Scholem, Gershom, 46–48, 57, 90–95, 110Schwartz, Louis, 165Segal, Haggai, 124Semprún, Jorge, 216Sevi, Sabbatai, 93, 96, 98Shalev, Meir, 32Shalev, Yitzhak, 164–166, 168Shamaia, Nitza, 114Shamas, Anton, 217Shamir, Ilana, 7–8, 112Shapira, Anita, 8, 75Sharon, Ariel, 142Sharon, Arik, 177Shavit, Yaakov, 75–76, 86, 89Shelah, Uriel, 82Shem (bible), 35, 74Shenar, Margalit, 77Shestov, Lev, 45–46Shields, Edward, 45Shimoni, Yoval, 164Shkapniuk,Yerachmiel, 52Shlonsky, Avraham, 82Shneur, Zalman, 25, 96Shnor, Natan, 127Shochat, Jacqueline, (Kahanoff), 199Silverman, Yifrah, 80Simon, Ernst, 25, 95–96, 98, 100Sivan, Emmanuel, 119, 134, 147, 171Slouschz, Nahum, 73, 185–186Smolenskin, Peretz, 11Sneh, Moshe, 153–154Sobol, Yehoshua, 20Socrates, 68, 186Sokolov, Nahum, 35Solomon (bible), 68–71, 112, 187Sorel, Georges, 53, 64Spengler, Oswald, 67, 71Spinoza, Baruch, 60Steiner, George, 19

Stern, Avraham (Ya’ir), 59, 61–62Sternberg (Bashan), Eliezer, 113

Tabenkin, Yitzhak, 125Tahon, Yehoshua, 39Taine, Hippolyte, 39Tal, Uriel, 124Talmon, Yaakov, 124, 159Tamir, Shemuel, 76–77, 154Tchernichovsky, Saul, 25, 41–42, 61, 75,

163, 191Thoros (the Christian king of Armenia), 146Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich, 45Toynbee, Arnold, 142Trumpeldor, Joseph, 121–122Tsalka, Dan, 211Tumarkin, Yigal, 173

Una, Moshe, 154Uriah the Hittite, 70Uri Zvi Greenberg, 49–50, 62, 75, 129,

163, 191Ussishkin, Menahem, 136–138Ussishkin, Shemuel, 136

Verses, Shmuel, 57Vico, Gambatista, 53von Hartmann, Eduard, 59

Wagner, Wilhelm Richard, 42Weizmann, Chaim, 44Wellhausen, Julius, 10–11, 38, 58–59, 61,

64–65, 67–68Wertheimer, Stef, 14Whitman, Walt, 79Wieseltier, Meir, 192Winshal, Arieh, 171Witkovsky, Gustav, 44

Yadlin, Aaron, 154–155Yehoshua, A. B, (Abraham), 19, 32, 163–164,

193, 212Yonatan, Natan, 190

Zach, Natan, 192Zalka, Dan, 164, 167Zarathustra, 10, 13, 42–43, 47–48, 55, 62, 67Zaritsky, Joseph, 194Zayith, Benny, 63Zeev Braude, Mordechai, 39Zeev Feierberg, Mordechai, 35Zeitlin, Hillel, 45–46Zizek, Slavoj, 31Zunz, Leopold, 54






Aaronsohn, Ran, 161“A. D. Gordon’s Polemic with Nietzsche”

(Bergman), 48Ad Mavet (Unto Death) (Oz), 165–66“After Kibia” (Leibowitz), 25Agassi, Yosef, 20Aimez-vous Brahms? (Sagan), 206–7Akkedah (sacrifice of Isaac), 24.

See also “Etzion Akkedah” mythKfar Etzion and, 112, 117–20

Al-Aqsa intifada crusader narrative and, 134, 174, 178–81exile and place and, 33Mediterranean identity and, 197–98

Aleph (journal), 79, 140Algeria, Mediterranean identity of, 209–12Alliance of Youth of the Sea (Zur Rodei

Gal), 189Allon Plan, 158–59Amir, Aharon, 77–82, 189–90, 201

crusader narrative discussed by, 140Kahanoff and, 201, 210–11

amor fati, existential Judaism and, 61–63Anderson, Benedict, 17Anti-Christ, The (Nietzsche), 11, 41anti-Semitism

Enlightenment and, 4Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 38–41Ratosh’s discussion of, 83

Apirion – Mediterranean Journal, 190Apollonian symbol

Nietzsche’s transvaluation and, 42–51Zayith’s historiography and, 68–72

apostasy, Jewish fear of, 135Arab history

crusader narrative and, 28–29, 131–34, 144–52, 174–81

exile and place and, 30–33Mediterranean identity and, 184–98Zionism and, 205–8Zionist-crusader analogy and, 156–62

Arab Political Myths (Drori), 171–72Arab settlements, Gush Etzion

commemorations and alienation of, 127–28

Arabs in Palestine – Where Are the Ten Tribes?, The (Belkind), 74

archaeological sites, crusader-narrative and, 172, 176–81

“Archive of the History of Gush Etzion,” 129

Arendt, Hannah, 19Arens, Moshe, 22–23“Are We Still Jews?” (Simon), 25, 95Arieli, Yehoshua, 79–80Aryanism, Jewish nationalism and, 52–59Ashkenazi mysticism, 135–36“Assessing Ourselves” (Gordon), 48atheism, Nietzsche’s work and growth of,

42–51Atlantic Monthly, The, 200authenticity

Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 55–59Nietzsche and concept of, 49–51

Avneri, Uri, 77–82, 142, 160–61, 177Kurzweil’s critique of, 16–17

Avraham-Kfar Etzion group, 116

Baba Sali (Saint), tomb of, 31Ba-horef (In Winter) (Feuerman), 44Bamaavak (journal), 16–17Barcelona Conference, 197–98, 225Bar Kochba revolt, 112, 117“Baruch of Magenza” (Tchernikovsky), 163

Subject Index

254






Subject Index 255

Be-Derech le Haleb (On the Way to Aleppo) (Zalka), 164, 166

Be-ein shoresh (Without Roots) (Rabinowitz), 163

Beitar (Revisionist Youth Organization), 86Ben-Avi, Itamar, 35Ben-Bella, Ahmed, Kahanoff’s discussion of,

219–21Ben-Dov, Meir, 172Benei Akiva movement, 102–3, 107–8,

120, 125Ben-Gurion, David, 35

Gush Etzion myth and, 104on Mediterranean identity in Israel,

186–88Scholem’s views on, 91–92, 94–95on Zionist-crusader analogy, 151–54

Benhabib, Dolly, 207–8Benvenisti, Meron, 147–49, 175–76,

208–12Ben Ya’akov, Yohanan, 124–25

Eldad and, 60–63“Berdichevsky the Rebel” (Eldad), 60Bergson Group, 76Between Two Worlds (Kahanoff), 201Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche), 67Bible

Kahanoff’s discussion fo, 204Lévinas’s discussion of, 203Mediterranean identity and exodus myth

in, 195–96Nietzsche’s discussion of, 67–72sacred space of Gush Etzion and, 111–17

Bin Laden, Osama, 28–29“Birkat Hamazon” (Grace after Meals)

(Baruch), 163Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche), 42, 65–66Biton, Erez, 190Book of the Maccabees, 120Book of the Seas: The Conquest of the Seas –

An Aspect of the History of Civilization, The (Slouschz), 185–86

Bourghiba, Habib, Kahanoff’s discussion of, 219–21

Braudel, Fernand, 185Brit Shalom, 48Bronowski, Yoram, 196–97, 211–12Buber, Martin, 46–48, 199

Caesarea reconstruction, 176Calderon, Nissim, 209–10Camus, Albert, 199, 208–12, 216–21Canaan and the Arabs (Horon), 86Canaanism

Berdichevsky and, 58–59crusader narrative and, 141–51exile and place and, 31–33forerunners of, 73–82Gush Etzion settlements and, 116–17,

123–30influence on Danziger of, 14intellectual roots of, 75–82Mediterranean identity and, 188–98messianic Canaanism, 23–27national-territorial consciousness and,

75–82Nietzsche’s influence on, 13–16, 59–63“Nimrods” and, 101origins of, 16–23Ratosh’s view of, 89–90Scholem’s views on, 90–95Zayith’s mystical historiography and,

64–72Zionism and, 1–4, 8–10, 75–82

Canaanite-Hebrew thesis, Zionism and, 10–16

Canaan Our Land, 5000 Years of Israel in Its Land (Ben-Avi), 73

Cautionary Tale of the Crusader Wars, The (el-Hariri), 133

Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times, The (Patai), 189

Christianity crusader narrative and, 134–39, 173East-West tensions and, 221–25history in Israel of, 143medieval Jewish persecution sand, 163Mediterranean identity and, 182–98Nietzsche’s work and interpretations of,

45–51Zionism and, 32–33Zionist-crusader analogy and, 155,

157–62, 171“Christ of Nations, The” (Mickiewicz), 52citizenship in Israel

Jewish religion and, 21–23for West Bank Palestinians, 22–23

Cohen, Hermann, 19“cold peace” ideology, crusader narrative

and, 178–79collective memory, concept of “place” in,

26–27colonialism

crusader myth and, 28–29, 35–37, 146–51, 179–81

crusader narrative and, 131–34history in Palestine of, 143–44Mediterranean identity and, 182–98






Subject Index256

Zionism and, 142, 151–62Zionist-crusader analogy and, 154–62

Committee for the Formation of Hebrew Youth, 16, 86–87

Community of Memory (Kfar Etzion) commemoration activities of, 104–10,

120–22Gush Etzion myth and, 101–2politics of memory and, 122–30

concrete Messianism, 95–96, 100Convoy of Ten, 103Corrupting Sea? A Stgudy of Mediterranean

History, The (Horden-Purcell), 185Council of Clermont, 160–61“critique of intellect” in Nietzsche’s work,

45–46“Crusader Kingdom of Israel, The”

(Amir), 140crusader narrative

anxiety underlying, 131–34colonialism and, 28–29, 35–37in Danziger’s work, 14East-West tensions and, 221–25exile and place and, 30–33influence on Zionism, 1–4, 8–10, 27–29,

131–34, 137–39Iranian nuclear capability and, 162–63massacres of Jews and, 134–39settlements and, 169–81Zionist-crusader analogy and, 152–62,

222–25“Crusader Policies Concerning the Dead Sea

and Sinai” (Prawer), 145–46“Crusaders” (Shalev), 165Crusades through Arab Eyes

(Maaluf), 175cultural war, crusader myth and, 28–29

Danziger, Yitzhak, “Nimrod” sculpture of, 13–14

David’s Sling (Peres), 156Dear Brothers (Segal), 124Degeneration (Nordau), 42, 44deterministic messianism, Gush Emunim

movement and, 123–30Dionysian symbol (Nietzsche)

transvaluation and, 42–51Zayith’s historiography and, 65–72

“Don’t Repeat the Mistakes of thee Philistines and the Crusaders” (Avneri), 142

Dostoevsky and Nietzsche: The Philosophy of Tragedy (Shestov), 45

Dubnow, Shimon, 162–63

Eban, Abba, 197Egypt

cultural production in, 217–21Jewish population in, 199–202Pharaonic ideology in, 17

Ein Harod, 169“Ein Vered” circle, 169Elam, Yigael, 20Eldad, Israel (Scheib), 59–63, 170El-Howdat (journal), 133Eliav, Lova, 157–58Elitzur, Uri, 23Ellenbaum, Ronnie, 149–51Enlightenment

enslavement of Jews and, 4Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment

movement), 38–41, 135“Epistle to Hebrew Youth,” 86“Eranos Circle,” 47Eretz ha-Kedem (The Land of Kedem)

(Horon), 85–86Eretz Israel. See also Greater Land of Israel

ideologyhistorical framework of, 18as land of choice, 29place and exile and, 29–33

Eshkol, Levi, 125ethnic revival, mythology vs. ideology

and, 7–10“Etzion Akkedah” myth, 118–20Etzion Bloc. See Gush Etzion settlement

(Etzion Bloc)European critical theory

Berdichevsky and, 53–59mythology and, 6–10Nietzsche and, 51Zionism’s roots and, 10–16, 51–59

European Jews, Promethean myth and, 38–41

European Union, Mediterranean integration and, 197–98

exile crusader narrative and, 135Jewish identity and, 19–23messianic Canaanism and

rejection of, 25place and, 29–33

expressionist movement, Nietzsche and, 43

Faces of Man, The (Buber), 47“Facing Apollo’s Statue”

(Tchernichovsky), 41“Facing the Forests” (Yehoshua), 164–69“Facing the Sea” (Tchernichovsky), 41

colonialism (cont.)






Subject Index 257

“Fall of the Crusader Kingdom in Jerusalem, The” (Prawer), 144

“False Mediterranean Harbour” (Benvenisti), 208–9

Faust (Goethe), 48“Fear” (Klausner), 35Feierberg, Mordechai Zeev, 35feminist theory, Judaism and, 204–8Fifth Zionist Congress, 46“Fire from the Hills” (play), 128–30First Aliha movement, 160First Crusade and the Jews, The (Hazan), 135First Temple period, 64, 77, 84, 131, 143, 187First World War, Hebrew philosophers and,

47–48First Zionist Congress, 39–41, 159“Flights of Birds” (Dasuki), 174force, morality vs., Kahanoff’s discussion of,

204“Forum for Mediterranean Cultures,”

208–12founding myths, Canaan-Palestinian views

of, 80–82Frankish settlement, crusader narrative and,

149–51, 177From East to West (journal), 39–41

“Galilee and Its Defence in the Crusader Period” (Prawer), 146

Gaza strip Operation “Cast Lead” (2008) in, 9Zionist-crusader analogy and occupation

of, 170–71Gedud Ha-avoda (Labor Battalion), 49Geheimnisse der Juden (Mysteries of the

Jews) (Rekkendorf), 163Genealogy of Morals, The (Nietzsche), 67“Generation of Levantines” (Kahanoff),

211–12genizah documents, 184–85geography

Hebrew Nietzscheans and role of, 38–41Mediterranean option and, 182–84sacred space of Gush Etzion and, 111–17

Gerber, Haim, 177German avant-garde artists, Nietzsche and,

42–43Ghanayem, Mohammed, 191Gibborei Metzudat York (The Heroes of

York Castle) (Rispet), 163Giva’t Aliya refugee settlement, 105–10Glory in the Land of the Living (Eliav), 157Goitein, Shlomo Dov, 34, 184“Golden Crescent, The” (story), 163

“Good Advice” (Ahad Ha-am), 52“Good in the Teaching of Count Tolstoy and

Nietzsche, The” (Shestov), 45Gordon, A. D., 48–51Graeco-Persian War, 139Graetz, Heinrich, 11“Great Couple in French Literature, The”

(Kahanoff), 207Greater Land of Israel ideology, 2, 8

crusader narrative and, 141–42Gush Emunim movement annd, 22–23Kfar Etzion and, 123–30Mediterranean identity and, 203–8Messianic ideology and, 99–100myth of return and, 111–17religious/secular tensions and, 77–82Zayith’s mystical historiography of, 63–72

Great Exhibition of 1851 (London), 131Great Fear and Moon (Greenberg), 50Greek heros, Jewish parallels for, 41Greenberg, Uri Zvi, 50–51, 62, 163, 191Green Line, settlement expansion across, 9Gulf War, Israeli passivity during, 9“Gushei Etzion” (Mintz), 126Gush Emunim (settler movement), 22–23,

90–95Canaanism and, 24–27deterministic messianism of, 123–30Messianism and, 97–100myth of return after Six-Day War, 110–17sanctification of place and, 30–33

“Gush Emunim – ‘Canaanites’ Who Wear Phylacteries” (Be’er), 116–17

Gush Etzion – Bar Mitzvah of the Renewal of the Settlement (Shemesh), 119, 121–22

Gush Etzion – Fifty Years of Struggle and Creativity, 120, 122–23

Gush Etzion settlement (Etzion Bloc). See also Kfar Etzion

fall of, 23–27, 101–5politics of memory and, 123–30resettlement after Six-Day War, 110–30as sacred space, 111–17

Haaretz newspaper, 10, 22, 82, 86, 141, 162Ha-dor (journal), 43Ha-Drasha (The Sermon) (Hazaz),

74–82, 86“Haff, Land of the Hebrews” (Feinberg), 74Ha-gavrut Ha-olah (The Rising Masculinity)

(Greenberg), 50–51Hakibbutz Hadati (Religious Kibbutz

Movement), 102–3, 125–30Halbwachs, Maurice, 26–27






Subject Index258

Halperin, Jeremiah, 188–89Ha-mass Ha-mufla Be-minheret Ha-zman

(Wonderful Journey in the Time-Tunnel) (Betzer), 168

Ha-Olam ha=zeh (journal), 77Haran, Menahem, crusader narrative

discussed by, 140Ha-satan Be-eretz Ha-kodesh (Satan in the

Holy Land) (Shimron), 169Ha-shiloah (journal), 41Hashomer Hadati movement, 102Ha-shomer movement, 49Hasidism

Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 57–59Nietzsche and, 46–51, 62–63

Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment movement), 38–41, 135

Hasmonean fighters, myth of, 120Hattin, battle of, 147, 158, 172–73Ha-tzair movement, 49Ha-Yarden (journal), 84Ha-zman (journal), 46Hebraism

Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 40–41Ratosh’s view of, 88–90terminology of, 18

“Hebrew Circle,” 49–51Hebrew Committee for the Liberation of

theNation, 76Hebrew culture and literature, 9–10

crusader narrative and, 131–34, 163–81Europeanization of, 39–41literature of social mutation and,

213–16Mediterranean identity in, 184–98, 202–8,

216–21Nietzsche and, 41–51, 58–63Nietzsche’s reception in, 41–51

Hebrew identity Jewish identity vs., 76–82Messianic idea and, 96–100in modern Israel, 20–23

“Hebrew Revolution, The” (Cohen), 44Hegel, G. F. W., 53–54Heidegger, Martin, 199Heine, Heinrich, 19Here Our Bodies Lie (Guri), 23, 110Heroes of Israel (Herzog), 170heroism tradition, nationalism and,

56–59Herzl, Theodor, 35“Hidden Tablets” (Schneur), 41–42Hill of Memory, 14–16“hill platoon” episode, 103

history construction of myth and historical

anaology, 117–22crusader narrative and, 135–39of East-West confrontation, 132–34Hebrew Nietzscheans and role of, 38–41Mediterranean option and, 185–202mythology and, 7–10, 57–59sacred space of Gush Etzion and continuity

of, 112–17Young Hebrew movement and rewriting

of, 42–51Zayith’s discussion of, 67–72Zionist philosophy of, 5

History (journal), 148History of the Crusader Kingdom in

Palestine, The (Prawer), 152History of the Crusades (Runciman), 141Holocaust

crusader narrative and, 29, 138–39Iranian nuclear capability and, 162–63Iranian threat linked to, 10Kfar Etzion myth and, 24–27, 118–19, 121mythological interpretations of, 7–10Nietzsche in context of, 50–51settlement movement and survivors of, 102Zionist-crusader analogy and, 158

“Homage to Frederick the Second of the House of Hohenstaufen” (Tumarkin), 173

homo mythicus, mythology vs. ideology and, 6–10

Horden, Peregrine, 185Horns of Hattin, The (Rabikovitz), 167–68Horon, Adia, 188–90Human, All Too Human (Nietzsche), 53–59humanistic nationalism, Zionism and, 52–59Huppa shehora (Black Canopy) (Ratosh), 20Hussein (King of Jordan), 125

identity politics, collective memory and, 26–27

ideology mythology and, 5–10Nietzsche’s influence on, 11–16

“IDF and the Crusaders, The” (Raanan), 170intelligentsia of Eastern and Central Europe,

Nietzsche and, 45–51“In the Crusader State” (Behor), 178–79intifadas, 9. See also Al-Aqsa intifadaIranian nuclear capability

crusader narrative and, 28–29, 162–69Israeli preoccupation with, 9–10

Irgun Delegation, 76






Subject Index 259

Islam. See also Muslim historycrusader narrative and, 27–29, 131–34Judaism in relation to, 203–8

Islamic Organization in Israel, 180Israel

Christian and Muslim history in, 143crusader narrative and founding of,

140–62, 172–81Horon’s views on, 85–86Mediterranean identity of, 2, 28–29,

33–37, 184–212non-Jewish history in, 143–44

“Israel and Carthage” (Horon), 189“Israel and the Emergence of the

Mediterranean Identity: Expressions of Locality in Music and Literature” (Nocke), 194

Israeli mythology Canaanism and, 95–100crusader narrative and, 146–51intellectual archeology of, 1–2Mediterranean option and, 182–84,

221–25Zayith’s mystical historiography and,

63–72Zionist-crusader analogy and, 152–62

Israelite People – The Lost Culture, The (Zayith), 63–72

“Israelite Solution, The” (Zayith), 71“I Understand” (Schneur), 42

Ja bâtis ma demeure (Jabès), 217Jabès, Edmond, 217–19Jabotinsky, Ze’ev, 49–51, 86, 188–89Jacob’s Ladder (Kahanoff), 200Jerusalem – A Challenge (Eldad), 170“Jerusalem Covenant, The” (poem), 80Jerusalem Day, symbolic significance of,

115–16Jerusalem Government – Essays on the

History of the Hebrews, The (Ratosh), 84

Jeune Afrique (journal), 145Jewish Agency, Settlement Department of,

76–77, 114, 122Jewish Diaspora

Mediterranean identity and, 190sociological and demographic changes to,

18–23“Jewish Hebrew” myth, Nietzsche and

construction of, 13–16Jewish identity

Canaanism and, 1–4, 81–82, 95–96citizenship and religiona dn, 21–23

crusader narrative and, 1–4, 81–82, 135–39, 141–42

Hebrew identity vs., 76–82Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 39–41, 52–59“Israeliness” and, 99–100literature of social mutation and, 213–16Mediterranean option and, 33–37,

182–208political and secular transformation of,

9–10Ratosh’s discussion of, 82–83sociological and demographic changes to,

18–23Zayith’s historiography and, 68–72Zionism and, 203–8Zionist-crusader analogy and, 154–62

Jewish National Fund, 76–77Jewish theology, Nietzsche and, 46–51“Jews, Christians and Muslims in the

Mediterranean Basin” (Prawer), 202Jews in the Crusades in England under

Richard the Lionheart, The (Rispet), 163Judaism

“Catholic/Protestant” typologies for, 95–96concept of “place” in, 26Eldad’s Nietzschean outlook and, 60–63German Protestant biblical criticism and, 11Mediterranean option and place of, 202–8mythology and, 46–51nationhood vs. religion and, 19–23Nietzsche’s influence on, 12–16Ratosh’s discussion of, 83–85, 87–90Zionism and territorialization of, 5

“Judaism and the Superman” (Rabinovitz), 58Judea/Samaria settlements

crusader narratives and, 131–34, 177–81and Messianic ideology, 122–23, 125–26Zionist-crusader analogy and, 159–62,

170–71Judeo-Christian ethics, Nietzsche’s

critique of, 43

Kaballot Shabbat (Sabbath receptions), 172Kabbalah

Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 57–59in Jabès writing, 217–19mythology and, 46–51sacred space of Gush Etzion and, 112

Kahanoff, Jacqueline, 12, 36–37on Judaism and culture, 202–8on Mediterranean identity, 198–202,

208–21on social mutation literature, 213–16,

220–21






Subject Index260

Kalaat Nimrud, Danziger’s memorial at, 14–16

Kastner affair, 77–82Kaufmann, Yehezkel, 11Kedar, Benjamin Zeev, 147–48, 171Keshet (journal), 79, 164, 201, 210Kfar Etzion. See also Gush Etzion settlement

children and widows of, 105–10historical analogy and construction of

myth concerning, 117–22myth of, 2, 23–27, 101–5as sacred space, 111–17

Kfar Etzion Community of Memory, 24Kibbutz Hame’uhad, 125, 158Kibbutz Merhavia, 172–73Kibbutz Yehiam, 172Klausner, Joseph, 35Kockhav Ha-Yarden reconstruction, 176Kook, Abraham (Rabbi)

political theology of, 95–100, 123Scholem’s discussion of, 94–95

Kook, Zvi Yehuda, 123Kurzweil, Baruch, 16–17

on Canaanism, 96–97literary criticism of, 74–75on Nietzsche, 61–63

Kushnir, Tuvia, 23

Labor Party (Israel), decline of, 9labor Zionism, Nietzsche and, 45La Libération du Juif (Memmi), 214“Lament for the Whole House of Israel”

(Greenberg), 163La-Merhav (journal), 144land-based nationalism

crusader narrative and, 146–47as threat to Jewish identity, 19–20

Land of Israel – Tumarkin, The (Tumarkin), 173

“Land of the Euphrates, The” (Ratosh), 88–89

language Canaanism and, 73–82mythology and, 7–10

La statue de sel (Memmi), 215–16Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, The

(Prawer), 146Lazare, Bernard, 19Leave Taker, The (Berdichevsky), 41Lebanese Wars, 198Lebanon, origins of nationhood for, 17Lebanon Wars, 9Le Cran (journal), 189Lehi activists, 50–51, 59, 61–63

Leibowitz, Isaiah, on nationalism, 98–100Leibowitz, Yeshayahu, 178

Scholem’s views on, 93–95Leontiev, Konstantin, legacy of, 45Le Premier Homme (Camus), 212“Lessons the Crusaders Can Teach Us”

(Kedar), 148“Less opf the Crusaders: The Souring of

Settlement, The” (Ariel), 169“Letter to Hebrew Youth,” 16Levantine culture

East-West tensions and, 221–25Mediterranean identity and, 200–202,

207–8, 210–12, 216–21Levantines, The (Cialente), 201Lévinas, Emmanuel, 202life, religion and, 41–51Likud party, ascendancy of, 9Lilienblum, Moses Lieb, 35“Literature of Social Mutation” (Kahanoff),

213–16, 220–21Livne, Eliezer, 153Livre de questions (Jabès), 217–19London, Yaron, 17“lone tree” symbol, Gush Etzion resettlement

and, 112–17“Longs for the Crusaders” (Benvenisti), 176“Long Shadow of Saladin, The” (Allon), 169Lurian Cabbala, 24–25

Maccabees, 24, 112, 117–20East/West conflict and, 139

Malkin, Irad, 34, 195–96mamlachtiut period, 25–27Ma’of Ha-Yonah (The Flight of the Dove)

(Shimoni), 164“mare nostrum,” Mediterranean identity

and, 182–84martrydom, crusader narrative and role of,

135–39Marx, Karl, Nietzsche and, 12Masa hapetihah (The Opening Discourse)

(Ratosh), 87–88Mass, Danny, 23Massada, Zionist-crusader analogy and, 158Massada myth

crusader myth and, 27–29Kfar Etzion and, 118–21national identity and, 7–10, 24

Matalon, Ronit, 206–8“Mediterranean Humanism,” 216–21Mediterranean identity

Camus and Kahanoff comparisons of, 208–12






Subject Index 261

East-West dialogue and concept of, 28–29historiography of, 185–98Israel as part of, 2, 33–37, 76–77Kahanoff-Camus comparisons of, 208–12Kahanoff’s discussion of, 198–202, 212–21Zionism and tensions in, 181–84Zionist-crusader analogy and, 222–25

Mediterranean Society, A (Goitein), 34, 184melting-pot ideology, Israeli identity and,

36–37Me-Mizrach Shemesh (From East the Sun)

(Kahanoff), 201, 210–11Memmi, Albert, 213–14, 216–21Mendelsson, Moses, 11“Messianic Idea in Judaism” (Scholem),

93–95Messianic ideology

Canaanism and, 23–27, 96–100Greater Israel issue and, 22–23Judea/Samaria settlements and, 122–23,

125–26Kfar Etzion and, 123–30Scholem’s views on, 90–95Six-Day War (1967) and, 23Zionism and, 3, 61–63

“Micah Joseph Berdichevsky, Between Egypt and Canaan” (Eldad), 60

Middle Ages, Jewish persecutions in, 163Migdal Eder settlement, 102Mi-kan U-mikan (From Here and There)

(Lapidot), 45military elites, decline of, 9Mi-saviv La-nekuda (Around the Point)

(Abramson), 44–45Mizrahim immigrant community, political

ascendancy of, 8–9“Modern Crusaders, The” (Biton), 171Moked, Gabriel, 190–91Mongrels or Marvels: The Levantine

Writings of Jacqueline Shohet Kahanoff, 201

monumental sites, crusader narrative and reconstruction of, 176

morality, Nietzsche’s discussion of, 48–51Mormon University in Jerusalem, 171Moses, Zayith’s discussion of, 67–72Movement for a Greater Israel, 153Museum of the History of the Jewish

People, 129music

Kahanoff’s discussion of, 208Mediterranean identity of Israeli artists

and, 194–95Muslim history

Christian conquest of Jerusalem and, 163crusader narrative in, 131–34, 137–51,

174–81in Israel, 143Mediterranean identity and, 184–98Zionism and, 205–8Zionist-crusader analogy and, 154–62

“My Brother Ishmael” (Kahanoff), 204–5“My Brother the Rebel” (Kahanoff), 219–21mysticism

among Young Hebrews, 46Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 57–59

myth of return, Gush Etzion settlement and, 110–17

mythology Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 56–57crusader narrative and, 149–51historical analogy and construction of,

117–22ideology and, 5–10Nietzsche and uses of, 46–51Ratosh’s use of, 89–90Zayith’s mystical historiography and,

64–72“My Tree” (Kedem), 114

Nahal (Pioneering Combatant Youth) units, 110

national culture, Nietzsche’s influence on, 11–16

national existentialism, 59–63nationalism

Canaanite myth and, 17–23collective memory and, 26–27Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 38–41Herder’s vision of, 44Jewish identity linked to, 19–23, 51–59new Hebrew ideology and, 14–16religious theology and, 25–27

National Religious Party, 154national security, crusader narrative and,

145–46National Socialist ideology

crusader narrative and, 138–39, 162–63Nietzsche’s influence on, 12–16

nation-state identity, post-Zionism and, 78–82

Nativ Etzion (journal), 108–9nativist ideology

Canaanite myth and, 17–23religious/secular divisions and, 77–82

“Nature and origins of the ‘Young Hebrew’ (Canaanite) Movement, The” (Kurzweil), 25






Subject Index262

Nebi Daniel Convoy episode, 103neo-Canaanites

Land of Israel ideology and, 77–82rightist-religious variant, 2

Neta-im Darom group, 110New Crusader-Phenomenon in Palestine,

The (Talhok), 133new Hebrews. See also Young Hebrew

movementBerdichevsky’s concept of, 54–59Eldad’s concept of, 61–63European evolution of, 2, 10–16, 39–41exile and place and, 31–33Mediterranean identity and, 34–37Nietzsche’s work and emergence of, 43–51

“new historiography,” mythology vs. ideology and, 8–10

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 10–16Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 52–59Eldad’s scholarship on, 59–63European intellectual revolution and,

53–59Hebrew culture and influence of,

2, 41–51Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 38–41Mediterranean option and writings of,

199–202religious dimensions in work of, 47Zayith’s mystical historiography and,

64–72“Nietzsche: An Introduction to the Theory of

the Superman” (Neumark), 39–41Nietzsche Circle, 45, 49“Nietzsche Polemic: Between Degeneracy and

Madness, The” (Eldad) 62–63“Nietzsche’s Theory of Man” (Buber), 47nihilism, Judaism and, 11–16Nili espionage group, 74“Nimrods”

Israeli mythology and, 2, 13–16nativist theology and, 101

Nir etzion settlement, 107–10No’am, Vered, on politics of memory,

126–27“normalization,” Israeli calls for, 9–10

“Oak-Tree, The” (Levmor), 117“Oak Tree, The” (Shamaia), 114–15“On America” (Jabotinsky), 49–51“On Jacob” (Kahanoff), 203–4“On the Banks of the Seine” (Schneur),

41–42“On the Relationship between Ethics and

Aesthetics” (Berdichevsky), 56–57

Operation “Cast Lead” (2008), 9Or, Amir, 141Organization for Crusader Studies, 174Organization of the Sons of Gush Etzion,

107–10Organization of the Survivors of Gush

Etzion, 107–10orientalism

crusader myth and, 28–29, 137–39European history and, 143–44Mediterranean identity of Israel and,

34–37Mediterranean option and, 182–84

“Oriental Music in Israel” (Kahanoff), 208Origins of the Hebrew (Slouschz), 73Oslo Accords, 170, 196–97, 225“Other”

Arab-Israeli relations and concept of, 202–8

Kahanoff’s discussion of, 219–21Mediterranean identity and, 216–21

“Our Future is Also on the Sea” (Ben-Avi), 188

Oz, Amos, 164–69, 179, 193–94Oz, Kobi, 195

painting, Mediterranean identity of Israeli artists and, 194

Palestine Allon Plan for Palestinian state and,

158–59non-Jewish history of, 143–45Zionist-crusader analogy and fate of,

159–62Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO),

196–97Army for the Liberation of Jerusalem, 133

Palestinians Canaanism and, 80–82crusader narrative and Israeli negotiations

with, 178–81exile and place for, 30–33Israeli citizenship for, 22–23Israeli conflict with, 9in West Bank, citizenship sought for,

22–23Pappe, Ilan, 161–62Patriarchs of Machpelah Cave, 119Peres, Shimon, 156–58Pharaonic ideology, in Egypt, 17Philistines, Zionist-crusader analogy

and, 154philosophical idealism, Young Hebrews’

attack on, 44–51






Subject Index 263

“philosophy of life,” (Lebensphilosophie) Nietzsche’s concept of, 40–41, 47–48, 50–51, 59–63

Phoenicians, Israeli identification with, 189–98

Pi Ha-Aton (journal), 152–56Pinkas, Israel, 192“pioneer” identity, in modern Israel, 20–23place

Canaanite myth and role of, 17–23exile and, 29–33myth of Kfar Etzion and, 23–27“Nimrod” myth and importance of, 16Zionism and role of, 3–5, 27–29

poetry of the Young Hebrews, Nietzsche and, 41–51

political ideology Nietzsche’s influence on, 11–16Zionist-crusader analogy and, 151–62,

170–81political liturgy, Kfar Etzion mythology and,

118–19politics of memory, Gush Etzion myth and,

101–5, 108–10, 122–30Porat, Hanan, 24–27, 107–10, 122–26,

129–30Portrait d’un juif (Memmi), 214“Portrait of the Artist as a Crusader”

(Tumarkin), 173“Portrait of the Artist as a Young Astronaut”

(Tumarkin), 173positivism, Nietzsche’s transvaluation in

opposition to, 42–51“post-Islamic Judaism” (Kahanoff’s

concept of), 203–8postmodernism, crusader narrative and,

136–39post-Zionism

crusader narrative and, 149–51exile and place and, 32–33principles of, 21–23religious/secular divisions and, 78–82Zionist-crusader analogy and, 161–62

Prawer, Joshua, 33–34on Mediterranean option, 33–34, 184, 202Zionist-crusader analogy and, 143–52,

159, 171–72Principles of Rebirth, 62Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels

(Prolegomena to the History of Israel) (Wellhausen), 11

Promethean myth crusader myth as subversion of, 28–29“Promethean Hebrew” and, 38–72

Six-Day War (1967) and, 23Zionist ideology and, 1–4, 7–10

“Promised Land or the Permitted Land, The” (Lévinas), 202–3

Protestant Higher criticism, influence on modern Judaism of, 11

Protestantism, Nietzsche and, 47Purcell, Nicholas, 185

Quatre lectures talmudiques (Lévinas), 202

Rabbinic Judaism, Zayith’s discussion of, 71–72

Rabikovitz, Dalia, 164, 167–68Rabin, Yitzhak, 159–60, 212

assassination of, 8, 196Rassviet (journal), 189rationalism, Young Hebrews’ attack on,

44–51Ratisbonne Monastery, children and widows

of Kfar Etzion at, 105–10Ratosh, Yonatan

Canaanite myth and, 2, 16, 77–82founding of Canaanism and, 73–74legacy of, 82–90rebellion against Judaism by, 18

realistic symbolism, Zionist-crusader analogy and, 161–62

Rehovot Ha-nahar (Paths of the River) (Greenberg), 163

Re-inventing the Jewish Paast (Myers), 136

“Religion, Army, State: The Lesson of the Crusaders” (Ben-Dov), 171

“religion of labor,” Gordon’s concept of, 48–49

religious right, civil identity in Israel and, 22–23

religious/secular divisions civil identity in Israel and, 22–23crusader narrative and, 148–51Hebrew vs. Jewish identity and, 76–82,

86–87in Israeli society, 9Messianic idea and, 96–100mythology and, 47–51nationhood vs. Judaism and, 20–23Zionist-crusader analogy and, 171–81

Religious-Zionist youth, 126–27Remez, David, 185renan, Ernest, 23Reshafim (anthology), 43Reshit ha-yamim (The Beginning of Days)

(Ratosh), 82–83






Subject Index264

Reshut Ha-yahid (The Private Domain) (Ben-Gurion), 54–55

Revisionist Zionism Mediterranean identity and, 189–98Nietzschean themes in, 49–51post-Zionism and, 78–82Zayith’s mystical historiography and,

65–72ricorso, theory of, 53Riftin, Ya’akov, 155–56right of return ideology, 2

myth of Kfar Etzion and, 24–27post-Zionism and, 21–23

Rivlin, Reuven, 23romantic primitivism, Judaism and, 61“root narrative,” of Israeli mythology, 2Rosenzweig, Franz, 19Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 10Runciman, Steven, 141–42, 152Russia, turn-of-the century intellectual

criticism in, 46

Sa’ada, Anton, Syrian nationalism and, 17Sabbatai Sevi (Scholem), 93–95Sabbetaianism, 98–99Sabra identity

Canaanism and, 77–82crusader narrative and, 168–69in modern Israel, 20–23sociological and demographic changes to,

18–23sacralization, myth of return and, 111–17sacred space, Gush Etzion resettlement and,

110–17“Sacrifice, The” (Mordechai), 119Sadat, Anwar, Kahanoff’s discussion of,

204–6Said, Edward, 28–29, 35, 183Saladin, myth of, 132–34“Saladin and the War against the Crusaders:

History, Myth and Symbols” (Nisan), 170

Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi, 81Same Sea, The (Oz), 193Schmitt, Carl, philosophy school of, 209Schocken, Gershom, 141–42Scholem, Gershon, 46–47, 90–95“Schopenhauer and Judaism” (Eldad), 60“science of Judaism” concept, 54“Scroll of Planting,” 116, 121“Sea, The Last Sea, The” (Amir), 189–90Second Aliya movement, 48–49Second Temple period, 131, 187

myth of, 11, 40, 84, 97, 121, 143

secularism Canaanite ideology and, 18–23civil identity in Israel and, 22–23Hebrew vs. Jewish identity and, 76–82in Israeli society, 9mythology and, 47–51nitionhood vs. Judaism and, 20–23

Sefer Hahasidim (The Wanderer and His Shadow) (Berdichevsky), 53–59

Segal, Haggai, 124–25September 11, 2001 attacks, Zionist-crusader

analogy and, 180–81settlement expansion, crusader narrative and,

169–81Shachol Ve-Kishalon (Bereavement and

Failure) (Hefetz), 44–45Shas political movement, 8Shem, Ham and Japhet (Reuveni), 73–74Shestov, Lev, critical influence of, 45–46Shirat eretz ha-ivrim (Song of the Land of the

Hebrews) (Amir), 79–82“Shir Ha-Ugavar” (Song of the Organist)

(Greenberg), 50–51Shnei Na’arim Be-memlechet Ha-tzalvanim

(Two Youths in the Crusader Kingdom) (Orgad), 168–69

Siege In the Hills of Hebron (Knohl), 107–8, 118–19

Simon, Ernst, on Jewish identity, 25, 95–96Sinai Campaign of 1956, 152, 154“Single Identity for All the Inhabitants of the

Land, A” (Or), 141Six-Day War (1967)

Canaanism and, 23–27, 77–82exile and place and, 33Gush Etzion resettlement following, 2,

110–30“Israelite” solution and, 71–72Messianism and, 23–27, 97–100West Bank conquest during, 34Zionist-crusader analogy and, 156–62

“Slaughtered of Taormina, The” (Tchernikovsky), 163

Slouschz, Nahum, 185–86Smolenskin, Peretz, 11Sneh, Moshe, 153–54Sobol, Yehoshua, 20social mutation, literature of, 213–16sociology, Hebrew Nietzscheans and role of,

38–41, 55–59Sokolov, Nahum, 35Solomon, Zayith’s discussion of, 67–72“Songs of the Exiles” (Tchernichovsky), 41Sotah tractate, 203






Subject Index 265

South Africa crusader narrative and apartheid regime in,

146–47Jewish emigration to Israel from, 102

Soviet Union, Jewish emigration to Israel from, 18

space, crusader myth and, 27–29spiritual annihilation, exile and place and,

31–33“State Is in Danger of Extermination, The”

(Sheleg), 10, 162Steiner, George, 19“Strangers No More” (film), 22Study of History (Toynbee), 142Sulam (Ladder) (journal), 59Summer Festival (Alterman), 193Superman, Nietzsche’s concept of, 12–16, 39,

42–51Jewish nationalism and, 52–59

“Superman or Supergod” (Zeitlin), 46Sword Poems (Ratosh), 85–86symbolists, Nietzsche’s transvaluation and,

42–43symbolization, mythology and, 7–10Syria, nationalism in, 17

Talmon, Yaakov, 124Talmud, Lévinas’s discussion of, 203Tamir, Shemuel, 77–82, 154–55“Teheran Children,” 102tehila di’ge’ula (beginning of

redemption), 125Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City

(Azaryahu), 192Tel Hai

crusader myth and, 27–29Kfar Etzion and, 118–19, 121–22as national myth, 7–10, 24–27

Tent of Remembrance, 128–29Ten-Year Plan, 84territorial fundamentalism, politics of

memory and, 122–30Third Covenant or Third Coming,

Nietzsche’s work and, 45–46“Third Rome” (Mazzini), 52Thirty-Five episode, 103, 119Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Nietzsche), 42–43,

47–48Zayith’s discussion of, 67–72

time European intellectual revolution and

concepts of, 53–59exile and, 30–33historical vs. mythical time, 204

myth of Kfar Etzion and, 23–27Zionism and role of, 3–5

“Time Has Come!, The” (pamphlet), 76Toldot ha-umma ha-ivrit (The History of the

Hebrew Nation), 86Torah

nationalism and, 19Protestant Higher criticism of, 11

tourism in Israel, crusader narrative and, 172–73

Toynbee, Arnold, 142“Tragedy of Women in the East, The”

(Kahanoff), 206–8“Train of Waves, A” (Kahanoff), 200transvaluation, Nietzsche’s concept of, 42–51

Hebrew Nietzscheans and, 58–59Trotsky, Leon, Scholem’s views on, 93–95“Tsohar” publishing house, 210Tzeírim (the young ones), 39

Uganda Plan, 46ultra-orthodox Jews

Canaanism and, 77–82mythology vs. ideology for, 8

Una, Moshe, 154Union of the Mediterranean, 225United States, Canaanism and, 78–82universalism, anti-Semitism and, 4“Unlike the Crusaders” (Harel), 177–78Urban, Pope, 160–61

Vermisa Ballads (Tchernikovsky), 163“Voice of Many Waters, The” (Schimmel),

191–92“Voluntarism of Eduard von Hartmann,

based on Schopenhauer, The” (Eldad), 59

von Herder,Johann Gottfried, 10

Walker in the Darkness, The (Ratosh), 85–86War of Independence (1948)

exile and place and, 33Gush Etzion settlements and, 102–5refugee evacuations during, 105–10sanctification of space in memorials to,

114–17War of the Seventh Day (Aveneri), 160Warsaw Ghetto revolt, 121Wellhausen, Julius, 10–16, 38–41, 58–59, 61,

65, 67–68“Wellhausen’s Theory” (Rabinovitz), 58–59Wertheimer, Steff, 14West Bank, Palestinians in, citizenship sought

for, 22–23






Subject Index266

western orientation of Israel society, 9–10Mediterranean identity and, 182–98Zionist-crusader analogy and, 154–62

West in the East: The History of the Crusades in Palestine, The (Ussishkin), 136–39

Whither? (Feierberg), 35Will to Power, The (Nietzsche), 13will to power doctrine

Berdichevsky’s discussion of, 54–59historical Judaism and, 62–63Judaism and, 11–16, 51–59

“With Our Backs to the Wall” (Katznelson), 139

World of the Crusaders, The (Prawer), 171World Zionist Organization, 76–77

Yadlin, Aaron, 154–55Yedidei Melech Yerushala’im (Friends of the

King of Jerusalem) (Wechsler), 168Yehiam, fortress of, 172Yehoshua, A. B., 19, 164–69, 193, 212Yishuv (Jewish community), 135

native identity in, 18Yom Kippur War (1973), 9

Sabra identity and, 18–169Yonatan, Natan, 190–91“Young Eretz-Yisrael, The,” 16–17Young Hebrew movement, 2, 11, 14.

See also new HebrewsBerdichevsky and, 58–59crusader narrative and, 140–41Nietzsche and, 41–51Ratosh and, 82–90

Zayith, Benny, 63–72Zera’im (journal), 120

Zichronot Le-beit David (Memoirs of the House of David) (Friedberg), 163

Zikhron David company, 102Zionism

Canaanism and, 1–3, 75–82colonialism and, 142, 151–62, 179–81crusader myth and, 1–3, 27–29, 131–34,

137–39, 147–51, 156–62Enlightenment and, 4exile and place in, 29–33Gush Emunim movement as threat to,

98–100Hebrew Nietzscheans and origins of,

38–41Islam vs., 205–8Jewish identity and culture and, 203–8literature of social mutation and, 214–16Mediterranean identity and, 34–37,

181–84, 223–25Messianic nationalism and, 61–63, 125–30mythology vs. ideology and, 8–10nationalism of, 17–23Nietzsche’s influence on, 13–16, 41–51Palistenian split and, 74Ratosh’s discussion of, 83–85Scholem’s views on, 90–95settlement expansions and, 169–81western orientation of, 137–39Zionist-crusader analogy and, 152–62,

222–25“Zionism, the Crusades, Settlement”

(Livne), 169“Zionism as Colonialism” (Papp), 162Zionist-social pioneering ethos, erosion of, 9“Zionist Studies of the Crusader Movement”

(Asali), 174–75Zohar (Kabbalistic book), 39




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