Name etc________________________________________DUE:__________________

7th Grade SOL review: WHAT IS LIFE?

1) THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS: The building block of the structures that make

up living things is the ____________

2) THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS: A stimulus is a change in an organism’s

surroundings that an organism _______________ to. What is the stimulus in

the picture to the right that causes the plant to grow in the way shown?

______________. TROPISMS: What is the type/name of “tropism” that causes

plants to do this? ______________________

3) THE NEEDS OF LIVING THINGS: Living things that obtain energy by feeding on other living things are known as (circle one)

autotrophs / heterotrophs / organisms

Give an example of this type of organism:_____________________________________________________

Living things that use the energy from the sun to make food are (circle one) autotrophs / heterotrophs / organisms

Give an example of this type of organism:_____________________________________________________

4) THE NEEDS OF LIVING THINGS: Use the words to the right to fill in the concept map below:

5) WHY DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY?

The scientific study of how living things are classified is called (circle one) Classification / organization / taxonomy

The grouping of things based on their similarities is called (circle one) Classification / organization / taxonomy

6) THE NAMING SYSTEM OF LINNAEUS:

A genus is a group of ______________________________.

A species is a group of _____________________________ that can mate and _______________________

__________________ that can also mate and reproduce.

7) THE NAMING SYSTEM OF LINNAEUS: Scientific names are composed of two parts. The first name is the genus, and the second is

the species name. The scientific name for pumas is Felis concolor. Which tells the GENUS to which pumas belong?

(circle one) Felis / concolor / puma

8) LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION: Put the following words in order from least to most specific

kingdom phylum class family genus domain order species

__________ ____________________________________________________________________

9) DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS: What are the three domains in which all living things are classified into?

_________________ ___________________ ___________________

Food

Living Space

Water

Section of the “reading material” that the

answer can be found in

10) DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS: What is a prokaryote?

11) DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS: Place the characteristic in the correct box based on whether it’s something Bacteria and Archaea

have in common or not

WAYS BACTERIA and ARCHEA are….

SIMILAR:

DIFFERENT:

12) DOMAIN EUKARYA: Within the domain Eukaryote, there are four kingdoms. What are these kingdoms?

________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________________

13) DOMAIN EUKARYA: Fill out the missing information in table below:

Domain Eukaryote

KINGDOM CELL NUMBER ABLE TO MAKE FOOD?

Protista Single and multi-celled Some yes, some no

Single and multi-celled no

Plants Many celled

no

CELL PROCESSES AND ENERGY:

14) SAIL ON TO THE NUCLEUS: The ___________________ is the cellular organelle that is considered its “control center” The

_______________________ surrounds the nucleus. The nucleus holds the _______________ information of the cell.

15) ORGANELLES IN THE CYTOPLASM:The gel-like fluid found between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the __________.

16) ORGANELLES IN THE CYTOPLASM: The ______________ is the cellular organelle that changes food to energy the cell can use.

17) ORGANELLES IN THE CYTOPLASM:The _______________ is the cellular organelle that captures energy from sunlight in plants

18) ORGANELLES IN THE CYTOPLASM: The ____________________ is the cellular organelle that makes cellular proteins.

17a) ORGANELLES IN THE CYTOPLASM: three cells are shown below: A bacterial cell, a plant cell and an animal cell. Label which is the

animal cell and which is the plant cell (fill in the boxes):

CHARACTERISTICS: Single-celled Chemical composition No Nucleus

17b) What are 3 things a plant cell has that makes it different from an animal cell?

Large __________

for water storage

Cell ______

____________ (site

of photosynthesis)

18a) DIFFUSION: The cell membrane is selectively permeable. This means it only lets some substances pass through it, such

as ___________, food and _____________, and waste products.

18b) What is Diffusion, and how does it work? Diffusion is the process by which substances move…

18c) Label the pictures to the right as cells BEFORE DIFFUSION and AFTER DIFFUSION:

19) OSMOSIS: What is Osmosis? Osmosis is the ___________ of ___________ across the cell___________ .

20) OSMOSIS: How does the size of the cell change as it takes in or releases water? If there is more water INSIDE the cell than outside, water ______ _____of the cell. This causes the cell to__________.

If there is more water OUTSIDE of the cell than inside, water _____ _____ the cell. This causes the cell to _______ or get________.

21) CELLULAR ORGANIZATION IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS: Do all of an organism’s cells look exactly the same? Explain:

22) CELLULAR ORGANIZATION IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS: Complete the chart below that describes how cells are organized:

CELLS ____________________ ORGANS _____________________

23) HOMEOSTASIS: What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is….

24) HOMEOSTASIS: How does sweating help your body maintain homeostasis?

25a) THE TWO STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Fill in the Photosynthesis concept map below:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

Raw materials are: Products are:

________ & ________ ________ & _________

25b) THE TWO STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS: What is the chemical equation

for photosynthesis?

26a) RESPIRATION: What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration occurs in both________ and________ cells.

During Respiration, cells _____________ ____________ simple ________ molecules

such as________ and________ the________ they contain. Respiration

happens all the time, because cells always need ________.

26b) RESPIRATION: What is the chemical equation for cellular

respiration?

27: RESPIRATION/PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Fill in the missing information in the

boxes in the cycle of photosynthesis and respiration.

29a) CELL DIVISION (look at diagram on this page) - Fill in the blanks with the names of the stages in the cell cycle below. Words to

choose from are in the center of

the diagram.

29b) CELL DIVISION (look at diagram on this page) -

The purpose of the cell cycle

is ___________ ____ ________

for_______and. ________ Each

cell will________to produce

two___________“daughter cells”

30) CELL DIVISION - DNA replication

occurs in what phase of the cell

division cycle?

_________________________

31a) STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION OF DNA:

DNA looks like a twisted ladder.

The rungs of the latter are made up

of four nitrogen-bases that come

together in pairs. Only certain bases pair with other bases:

The base _____________________ always pairs with the base _______________________

The base _____________________ always pairs with the base _______________________

31b) Fill in the correct letters in the blank boxes below according to what nitrogen base pair would align with the ones

shown. Use the letters A,T,G, and C.

GENETICS and INHERITANCE:

32) MEIOSIS: The purpose of MEIOSIS is to produce ___________________ cells that carry ______ of the genetic

material from a parent cell.

33) MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS: The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called ____________. The study of heredity is

called _____________.

34a) DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES: Different forms of a gene are called ___________. These can be dominant or recessive.

34b) What is a dominant allele? A recessive allele?

A dominant allele will ________ ________ ____ in an organism, even if the other allele is present. A

recessive allele is _________ whenever the dominant allele is present.

35a) PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES / DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES: What does it mean to be homozygous/purebred?

35b) PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES / DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES: What does it mean to be heterozygous/hybrid?

36) PROBABILITY AND GENETICS / PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES: The allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. If “B”

is the allele for brown eyes and “b” is the allele for blue eyes and the parents have the genotypes as shown in the Punnett

square below…

STEP 1- (w/out filling out Punnett square) a) what is the father’s eye color genotype? __heterozygous (Bb)_______

b) what is father’s eye color phenotype (physical appearance) _____________

c) what is the mother’s eye color genotype? ________________________

d) what is the mother’s eye color phenotype ________________________

STEP 2- Now, Fill out the Punnett square & answer questions below:

e) What are the possible eye color genotypes of the possible children and in

what percentage? ___________________________________________

f)What % chance will the parents have a child with the blue-eyed phenotype? _____

g) What % chance will the parents have a child with the brown-eyed phenotype?______

37a) CELL DIVISION / MEIOSIS: Mitosis describes the replication of _______ cells.

Meiosis describes the production of ___________________ cells.

37b) Label the two diagrams below as representing the process of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS

38)A LINEUP OF GENES: Genes are located on ___________. Alleles are different ______ of a gene, such as dominant or

recessive.

39) A LINEUP OF GENES & THE GENETIC CODE: Chromosomes are made up of many ____________ joined together like beads on a

string. Chromosomes/genes are made mostly of DNA.

40) A LINEUP OF GENES: Humans have ________ chromosome PAIRS, or a total of _________ chromosomes.

You knew the one on the

_____ was MEIOSIS, because

reproductive cells contain ___the

DNA/chromosomes of the “parent”

cell.

In MITOSIS, the “daughter” cells

are_____________

_____________ of

the “parent” cell.

41a) SELECTIVE BREEDING: When organisms with desired traits are specifically____________________________________,

this is called ________________________.

41b) NATURAL SELECTION: When organisms who are ______________________________________________are better

able to survive and reproduce, this is known as ________________________.

42) SELECTIVE BREEDING: Give an example of selective breeding occurring in different dog breeds:

43) GENETIC ENGINEERING : What is “genetic engineering”, and what is one example of a use for “gene therapy”?

CHANGES OVER TIME 44) DARWIN’S OBSERVATIONS: The preserved remains of an organism that lived long ago is known as a _________________.

45) INTERPRETING THE EVIDENCE: The _______________ record allows us to understand more about species of the past and

how they lived. Usually only the hard parts of organisms, such as __________, or shells, are able to form

________________. Layers of sediment cover the animals/plants over time. The sediments harden into rock. When

the rock then wears away years later due to _______________ or human archaeological digs, the fossils can be seen.

46) GALAPAGOS ORGANISMS: What is an (evolutionary)

adaptation?

47) GALAPAGOS ORGANISMS: On the Galapagos Island, Darwin

saw that many finches had different beak shapes.

Explain how beak shape is an adaptation using the table

to the right.

48) EVOLUTION: The ________________________in a

species over time is known as ____________________.

49) EVOLUTION: Darwin’s ideas are often known as the

theory of evolution. A scientific theory is a well-

____________idea.

50) NATURAL SELECTION: Darwin thought that

______________ selection was the basis of evolution.

51) NATURAL SELECTION: The variations that occur within a

species are due to ____________________ and

shuffling of alleles during meiosis.

52) NATURAL SELECTION: There are 3 factors which effect natural selection as shown below. Match the factor with its definition.

COMPETITION a) differences between individuals of the same species

OVERPRODUCTION b) caused by limited food and other resources-organisms struggle between each

other to keep alive due to limiting factors (water, food, access to mates, space, etc.)

VARIATION

c) produce more offspring than can survive

MUTUALISM PARASITISM COMMENSALISM HOST SYMBIOSIS PARASITE

53) HOW DO NEW SPECIES FORM?: A new species can form when a group of individuals remains separated or _________________

from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits. Rivers, canyons, bodies of water, and mountains can

separate a small group of individuals from the rest. Over time, these individuals evolve traits that allow them to survive in

their specific, new conditions. Once the group can no longer mate and produce _________________ with the original

members of the species, they have become a new species.

54) DETERMINING A FOSSIL’S AGE: Scientists can use both relative dating and radioactive

(radiometric) dating to determine a fossil’s age. In relative dating, scientists

learn the approximate age of a fossil by where it’s found in the ground. In the

picture to the right. Label and show where the oldest and youngest fossils would

be found:

55) WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL?: The Geologic Time Scale is the “calendar” of Earth’s

___________.

56) INFERRING SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS: _______________, similarities in the EARLY DEVELOPMENT and BODY STRUCTURES of

organisms, and DNA provide evidence to support the ______ __ __________

POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES:

57) HABITATS : A place that a living thing needs to ____________, _______________ and reproduce is called a

___________________.

58) BIOTIC FACTORS / ABIOTIC FACTORS: What are BIOTIC factors of an organism’s habitat? ABIOTIC factors?

59) BIOTIC FACTORS / ABIOTIC FACTORS:Classify the following terms as being BIOTIC or ABIOTIC factors of an organism’s habitat:

_________ sunlight

_________ other animals

_________ soil

_________ water

_________ other plants

_________ oxygen

_________ temperature/climate

60) LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION: Use the word bank to the right to complete the flow chart below that shows levels of organization in an ecosystem.

ORGANISM __________ ___________ __________ ECOSYSTEM _________

61)CHANGES IN POPULATION SIZE:

IMMIGRATION of organisms means that new organisms move __________ a population.

EMIGRATION is when organisms __________ a population by moving away.

62) LIMITING FACTORS: A limiting factor is a factor in an organism’s environment that causes the population to become

________________. Give an example of a limiting factor:

63) LIMITING FACTORS: The largest population an area can support is known as the area’s “CARRYING ________________”

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR: 64) SYMBIOSIS: Use the word bank to the right to fill in the correct information.

____________________: A close relationship between a species is called…

o ____________.: A type of symbiosis by which both species involved help each other/benefit

o _____________:A type of symbiosis by which once species is helped, and the other is not harmed

BIOME

POPULATION

COMMUNITY

SPIECES

COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR TERRITORY COMPETE AGGRESSION

Circadian Rhythm Hibernation Migration

Decomposer Producer Omnivore Carnivore Herbivore Consumer

o _____________: A type of symbiosis by which one of the species is helped (called the ______) and one of the

species is harmed (called the _________ of the parasite):

65) COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR: write the correct term from the box the right with its definition.

Animals _____________ with each other in many ways to survive.

____________________: Threatening behavior. Animals use this when they compete.

____________________: The way an animal acts to attract a mate.

____________________: A place an animal lives and looks for food. Animals compete for this because it contains

resources the animals need to survive.

66) BEHAVIOR CYCLES: Some animals partake in cyclic behaviors such as hibernation, migration, and circadian rhythms. Write

the words from the box to the right next to its definition

_____________: Moving from one place to another and back again based on food, mating, etc.

_____________: Resting to maintain fat stores etc. when food is scarce/weather is cold.

_____________: patterns that are about a day long, such as hunting at night and sleeping during the day.

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOMES:

67) ENERGY ROLES: Energy enters most ecosystems as ________________ (which powers photosynthesis in plants)

68) ENERGY ROLES: Use the word bank to the right to match the word with its definition:

_____________: an organism that makes its own food

_____________: an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms. Could be a__________(eats only

plants) or a ___________(eats only other animals) or an __________ (eats both plants and animals).

_____________: an organism that gets energy by eating wastes and dead organisms.

69) FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS: In a food web, the arrows represent the direction of _____________ flow.

70) In the picture to the right:

CIRCLE the PRODUCER(S)

BOX the FIRST ORDER CONSUMER(S)

TRIANGLE the SECOND ORDER CONSUMER(S)

71) Study the energy PYRAMID

below and fill out the blank at the bottom.

72) BIOMES AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: Climate, precipitation and temperature determine an

area’s BIOME. There are six major BIOMES that ecologist study. Match the biome

type with its description:

________________________: receives a lot of rain. Could be temperate or

tropical. Large trees and many layers of forest compose this biome.

_______________________: an area that receives little rainfall. Often has

very cold nights and very hot days.

________________________: an area where grasses are prevalent. Many large grass-eating animals live in

these biomes, such as elephants, buffalo, and giraffes.

________________________: contains trees that lose their leaves in the fall and grows new leaves in the

spring. Temperatures vary greatly depending on the season.

________________________: Most of the trees in this biome are coniferous, meaning they have seeds in cones

and leaves shaped like needles.

________________________:This biome is an extremely cold and dry biome. Most of the soil is permafrost, or

soil that is frozen year-round. Only very small plants can grow here and some animals that have specific adaptations.

73) FRESH WATER ECOSYSTEMS:Fresh water ecosystems include ____________, ___________, __________, and _________.

74) MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: What is an estuary?

75) MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: Fill out the table below:

Types of Marine Ecosystems

Type of Marine Ecosystem: Description:

The area between the highest high-tide line and the lowest low-tide line is known as this zone.

The shallow ocean area near the coast is known as this zone.

The ocean out beyond the edges of continents is known as this zone.

76) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Fill out the table below:

Earth’s resources:

Type of Resource: Description:

Anything in the environment that is used by people

A natural resource that is always available.

A natural resource that cannot be replaced.

77) THE WATER CYCLE: Fill in the empty boxes with the word that

matches what’s happening in the water cycle

78) THE NITROGEN CYCLE: Nitrogen is necessary for all known

forms of life on Earth. It is a component in all amino acids,

as it is incorporated into proteins, and is present in the

bases that make up nucleic acids such those in DNA.

Nitrogen gas (N2) is the largest constituent of the Earth's

atmosphere, however, this form is relatively nonreactive and

unusable by plants.

Chemical processing or “nitrogen fixation” is necessary to convert unusable nitrogen into a form that can be used by

plants to help their cells function. What type of organisms “fix” nitrogen and add it to the soil so it can be used by

plants?

________________________________”fix” nitrogen by breaking apart ________________________ and animal _________________________. This adds nitrogen compounds to the soil.

Boreal Forest Biomes Desert Biomes Tundra Biomes Grassland Biomes Rain Forest Biomes Deciduous Forest Biomes