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Amazing Discoveries! Science Experiments for Kids

Table of Contents

Purose of this Booklet

Purpose of this Booklet……2　

Teacher Introduction ……3

Experiment 1　Make Paper Glide on Water! ……4　

Experiment 2　Let’s Fish for Ice Cubes! ……6　

Experiment 3　Suspend Soap Bubbles in the Air! ……8　

Experiment 4　That’s So Cool! ……10　

Experiment 5　Vanishing Art! ……12　

Experiment 6　Color Magic! ……14　

Experiment 7　Make a String Phone! ……16　

Experiment 8　Fishing with Static Electricity? ……18　

Experiment 9　Make a Static Electric Jellyfish! ……20　

Experiment 10　Playing with Light! ……22　

Experiment 11　Magnet Magic! ……24　

Free Drawing Space ……26　

User Guide for Guardians and Instructors ……29　

Do you know what an “experiment” is?An experiment is something you do answer mysterious questions about the world.This booklet is your easy, step-by-step guide to performing many exciting science experiments with the help of adults so that you can make amazing discoveries about the world around you!

2

Dropper

SilverTin

Tweezer

Flasko

Beaker

Dr. Miyamon

Hisser

Hi! My name is Miyamon. I am a junior high and high school science teacher. And I ’m an exper t a t mak ing amaz ing discoveries! So join me as, together, we conduct fun experiments to discover things you want to know. But one word of warning first. Scientific experiments can sometimes be a little dangerous. So let’s make sure we do them with the utmost care and safety at all times. With that f i rmly in mind, let’s go make some amazing discoveries.

This booklet was created to give young learners a chance to engage in

many wonders about the world under the supervision of Kaisei Junior & Senior High School teacher, Kazuhiro Miyamoto, Tokyo, Japan. The booklet is targeted toward children ages 5-6 and designed to allow them to conduct experiments with adults supervision and guidance. When conducting any of the experiments in this booklet, please make sure to observe the following rules. 1) Always wear protective goggles when handling chemicals.2) Always thoroughly wash away any chemicals that get on hands, clothes and

other parts of the body. 3) Scissors or utility knives should be handled only by adults as part of the

preparation prior to conducting the experiments with children.

Meet Your Teacher

Our Experiment Pals

Note to Adults

3

じっけん１じっけん１

Experiment Method

3cm(1 ”)

3cm(1 ”)

paper

scissorscolor pencils

dropper

tray

cupsethanol for disinfection

Make Paper Glide on Water!

Date: (Day)　　　　　,(Month)　　　　(Date)　　　　

An experiment for moving a piece of paper across the surface of water without the use of hands.

What to Prepare

Cut a sheet of paper into 3cm by 3cm (1 in x 1 in) square piece.

Using colored pencils, draw pictures on the piece of paper.

snipsnip

Experiment

Be careful whenusing scissors!

1

1

4

Fill a tray with water.

water

ethanol

dropper

ethanol

Float the paper on the water.

Using a dropper, drip a few drops of ethanol on the edges of the paper.

What’s Happening?

When ethanol is dripped onto one edge of the piece of paper’s surface, it soaks through and spreads, eventually contacting the water below. This makes the paper begin moving suddenly in the opposite direction. This is because when ethanol is dissolved in water, the surface tension around it weakens, and the paper gets pulled in the

1

5

Attention!Don’t let any salt get on top of the

ice cube!

Experiment Method

ice cubes dish salt water

dropper cotton string

(8 in)

Let’s Fish for Ice Cubes!


An age-old, science game that uses string to capture a piece of ice!

What to Prepare

Place a heaping tablespoon of salt in the center of the dish creating a small mound.

Place an ice cube on top of the mound of salt.

Experiment 2

mound of salt

ice cube

Lay the ice cube on top of the salt

1 heaping tablespoon of salt

Gently push the top of the ice cube down about halfway into the mound of salt.

2

6

What’s Happening?

When the ice cube comes into contact with the salt, that portion of the ice cube begins to melt and absorbs heat in the process, cooling the area just around it. At that moment, water dropped onto the top of the

Drip about 3 drops of water on top of the ice cube.

Lay one end of the string, about 1 cm (½”), on the top of the ice cube until it is soaking in the ice cube’s surface water.

Hold the string still and wait a moment. When the water on top of the ice cube hardens around the string, slowly pull it up. The ice cube will be lifted up with the string.

1cm (½”)water

2

7

Experiment Method

What to Prepare

Suspend Soap Bubbles in the Air!


Experiment 3

citric acid powdersmall pail

sodium bicarbonate

large container

plastic costume case)

soap bubble kit (with soap bubble liquid

and blowing straw)

in the air indoors!

Pour the citric acid powder (200g) (7oz.) andsodium bicarbonatepowder (200g) (7oz.)into a container.

Pour a small pail full of water into the container, and quickly cover the container with a lid.

citric acid powder(200g) (7oz.)

water

lid

sodium bicarbonate powder(200g) (7oz.)

Attention!Don’t seal the lid

tightly on the container,but merely set it on top.

3

8

The water in the container will bubble up. When it stops bubbling,pick up the container and shake it side to side 5 times. The water will begin to bubble up again.

Gently remove the lid from the container. Now facingthe container, blow soap bubbles over the container.

suspended near the top.

Attention!Stand far enough awayso that your warm breath doesn’t enter the container.

The citric acid powder reacts with the sodium bicarbonate powder to generate carbon dioxide gas, which is heavier than air. This

What’s Happening?

3

9

What to Prepare

That’s So Cool!


Experiment 4

Make a cooling pack that instantlycools the moment you strike it!

Experiment Method

urea (carbamide)

plastic bag with zipper

(8 in x 8 in)

aluminum foil(25cm by 25cm)

papercup

tray

water

Pour about half a paper cup full of urea into a plastic zipper bag.

Fold aluminum foil into a cup

〈How to fold a cup〉

paper cup

aluminum foil cupcomplete!

25cm(10”)

25cm(10”)

urea

Hold the zipper bag in a tray when pouring urea or water into it.

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10

Fill about one-third of the aluminum foil cup with water, seal it tightly, then place the cup inside the plastic bag.

Seal the plastic zipper bag trying to remove as much air from the bag as possible.

Lay the plastic bag down in the tray, then gently strike

water

water

seal the plastic bag

With your hands, lightly press on thesides of the bagto remove air.

Pick up the bag andtouch the part thatcontains water. It’s now cool!

Carefully seal the bag tightly.

Ask adults to check that the bag is completely

sealed.

When the cooling pack is struck, the water in the aluminum foil leaks out, causing the urea in the water to dissolve. Dissolving urea in water

What’s Happening?

4

11

Experiment Method

じゅんびするものWhat to Prepare

Vanishing Art!


Experiment 5

water and watch it turn purple.Then make the picture vanish!

iodine gargle liquidbottledgreen tea

2 paintbrushes orcalligraphy brushes

2 cups paper

Pour 1 cm (½ in) of iodine gargle liquid into a cup anddilute it with 10cm (4 in) of water.

water

water

gargle liquidgargle liquid

cup

1cm (½")10cm (4")

5

12

Dip a paintbrush into the water-diluted gargle liquid,and paint a picture on paper.

Dip another paintbrush into a cup full of bottled green tea, then retrace the lines of the picture you painted.

Wait a few minutes for the picture to dry.

The brown gargle liquid will turn a bluish-purple

on the paper.

Retracing the picture will make the bluish-purpledrawing disappear!

the paper strong. This starch reacts with iodine in the gargle liquid to turn it a bluish-purple color. Bottled green tea contains vitamin C. Vitamin C reacts with the iodine, changing its chemical composition,

What’s Happening?

5

13

purple sweet potato powder

work gloves

dry ice

insect bite treatment containing dissolved ammoniatransparent cup

stir stick

Experiment Method

Color Magic!


Turn purple sweet potato powder into many different colors!

What to Prepare

Using a stir stick, stir purple sweet potato powder into a cup of water until dissolved.

Drip 5 droplets of insect bite treatment and mix with the stir stick.

Experiment 6

1 heaping ear pick spoonful of powder

insect bite treatment

The purple liquid will turn a blue-green color.

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14

What’s Happening?

Gently drop the dry ice into the cup.

Now add another 3 drops of insect bite treatment.

Repeat Step 4 above and watch the colors change again!

The purple pigment of the purple sweet potato powder changes depending on the acidic or alkaline levels of the liquid it is in. Insect bite treatment containing ammonia is alkaline, while melting dry ice in

insect bite treatment

work gloves

dry ice

When the dry ice enters, the liquid in the cup will change from blue-green to blue to purple to magenta color.

The liquid will instantly turn blue-green again. But wait! It will again return to a magenta color.

Attention!Make sure to wear work gloves when handling dry ice!

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15

じっけんほうほう

2 plastic cups cellophane tape balloon

Make a String Phone!


Talk with a friend through a string phone!

Experiment 7

Experiment Method

What to Prepare

cellophane tape

string

Firmly tape one end of the string to the bottom of one plastic cup.

Repeat the process with the other cup, taping the other end ofthe string to the bottom of the other plastic cup,

Press the cellophane tape

down with your finger to make sure it is firmly

attached.

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16

buzz

puff

puffpuff

puff

Ta-da!

buzz

The cups and string will vibrate.

balloon

Your partner’s voice will sound pretty loud in the cup.

What’s Happening?

When speaking through a string phone, can you see the cup shaking? This is called “vibration”, and that vibration carries the sound of you and your partner’s voice. When you speak into the cup, your voice vibrates

Make sure the string is pulled tautly between you anddoesn’t sag. Then try speaking to, and listening to,your partner through the cup.

Remove the end of one string from one of the cups, and tape it to the balloon.

With the balloon between you and others,

you can now talk to many friends through your string telephone!

A group chat!

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17

2 sheets of tissue paper

Fishing with Static Electricity?


Experiment 8

Experiment Method

Cut a 5cm by 5cm (2 in x 2 in) piece of tissue paper into about 1cm by 1cm (½ in x ½ in) squares.

Separate the small pieces on a table so that they don’t overlap.

What to Prepare

A sheet of tissue paper isusually 2-ply, so separate themand use one sheet.

5cm(2”)

5cm(2”)

tissue paper

Don't breathe too hard or they'll all blow away.

8

18

What’s Happening?

Hold one end of the straw, and with another sheet oftissue paper in your other hand, rub the straw about 20 times in the same direction, but not both directions.

Bring the straw near the small squares of tissue paper on the table.

The small pieces of tissue paper will beginsticking to the straw.

When rubbing the straw, wrap the

tissue paper around the straw and rub the straw firmly enough so that the straw flattens as you rub it.

tissue paper

Lower the straw.

Like fishing!

I wish they were real fish.

rub

Rubbing tissue paper along a straw generates static electricity. The stored up static electricity on the straw causes the small pieces of

8

19

Experiment Method

What to Prepare

60cm (24”)

fold in half

spread out cut strands

tie off

scissorspolypropylene packing string tissue paper

Make a Static Electric Jellyfish!


Let’s make and play with a static

Experiment 9

Cut about a 60cm-piece (24 in) of packing string.

leaving a small loop at the top.

Spread out the hanging strands of the string. Then cut the ends into smaller strands about 3mm (1/8 in) wide each.

9

20

What’s Happening?

Rubbing together two different types of materials generates static electricity. Rubbing slick polypropylene packing string with tissue paper stores up negative electricity on each thin strand. When two negatively-charged strands meet, they repel each other, causing the

Rub the tissue fairly hard along the strands.

As static electricity builds up, the strands will start to stick to the table.

The thinly-cut strands will expand like tentacles of a jellyfish and stick to your hand and clothes.

gently now

flutter

flutter

flutter!

Put the string on a table and press down on the knot.

Using your other hand, take a piece of rolled up tissue paper and rub it along the strands about 20 times in the same direction.

Once enough static electricity is built up, grasp the knotted part of the string and slowly lift the whole bundle up.

tissue paper

Rub

9

21

Experiment Method

What to Prepare

For one cup, cut out the circular bottom of the cup.

big enough to cover themouth of one of the cups.

For the other cup,cut a 1.5cm by 1.5cm (½ ” x ½ ”) square from thebottom of the cup.

2 paper cups

scissors

cellophane tape

Playing with Light!


of colors!

Experiment

Prepare 2 cups with the bottoms cut out.

one large and one small.

10

large polarizing filmsmall polarizingfilm piece.

2cm(2/3”)

2cm(2/3”)

Attention!Ask adults

to cut the cups.

10

22

Firmly stick several strips of cellophane tape to the

Look through the smaller square hole in the bottom of the other cup.

cellophane tape

large polarizing film

Attach with cellophane tape.cellophane tape

cellophane tape

small piece of polarizing film

Rotate only the cup with the large polarizing film.

cup with no bottom

The taped-side of the film should face down into the cup.

What’s Happening?

Looking at a light source through one polarizing film while rotating

Rotate

Attention!Never look directly at the Sun.

Stack the two cups.

10

23

Experiment Method

What to Prepare

2 bar magnets

(metal clips)

Magnet Magic!


Magnets have the power to attract metal.Use a magnet to conduct many amazing experiments!

Experiment

Spread out 100 paper clips on a table.

Place a bar magnet on top of the pile of paper clips.Then pick up the magnet.

11

Experiment 1

click

click

What are you doing?

They stick!

Whoah!

11

24

What’s Happening?

Make sure the south pole of one magnet touches the north pole of the other magnet

Connect the other bar magnet so that the two magnets are side to side.

Spread 100 paper clips out in a pile on a table.

Connect the two bar magnets side by side. Then lay them on top of the pile of paper clips and then lift the two magnets together.

Experiment 2

Plop!

What happened?

Lots of paper clips!

So shiny!

Wow!

Magnets attract metal objects. This is called magnetism. With bar magnets, the magnetic force on the ends is at its strongest. Even when connecting two bar magnets side to side, the far ends will still have the

11

25

Free SpaceDrawingFree SpaceDrawingFree SpaceDrawing

26

Attention! Attention! Attention! Atteion! Attention! Attention! Attention!Attention! Attention! Attention! Atte

ion! Attention! Attention! Attention!Attention! Attention! Attention! Atte




ion! Attention! Attention! Attention!

Let’s do an experiment!

Who wants to mix liquids together

to change their colors?

So I put this and this in here...

Not properly following experiment

directions is dangerous!

So be careful, okay?

Let’s put in something different.

Meow.

Meow.

Oh my! Puff!

Me!

I do!

28

User Guide for Guardians and Instructors

Tips and pointers for conducting these experiments with children.

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❶ How to hold a dropper

❸ How to release liquid from the dropper

❷ How to draw up liquid　 with a dropper

MEMOTips for a Successful Experiment

How to use a dropper

To ensure that the experiment goes smoothly, start by

explaining the use of a dropper and give instruction on its

proper use.

When conducting the experiment with multiple participants,

use a large tub instead of a tray to hold water to ensure that

many participants can enjoy the experiment together.

An experiment for moving a piece of paper across the surface of water without the use of hands.

Experiment 1Make Paper Glide on Water!

Grasp the round bulb of the dropper.

Remove the tip of the dropper from the liquid, then squeeze the round bubble to release the liquid from the dropper.

Point the tip of the dropper directly downward.

the round bubble of the dropper, then dip

the liquid.

With the tip of the dropper in the liquid, relax your grip on the round

to its original shape. When the bubble

will be drawn up into the dropper.

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Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3

Tips for a Successful Experiment

Experiment Explanation

For this experiment, use string that absorbs water well. If the string is of a type that repels

water, soak it in water first, work the water into the string with your fingers to make it

absorbent. During the experiment, the timing for raising the string so that the ice cube

attaches to it occurs when the water on the surface of the ice has frozen around the string.

Make sure that salt does not contact the surface of the ice cube. If that occurs, the water

trouble capturing the ice with the string, prepare the ice cube and salt again.

be used as a refrigerant. When contacted by salt, ice begins to melt, lowering the ice

happens, the water will also freeze around the tip of the string so that raising the string will

also raise the ice cube with it. Observe how the water on the surface of the ice cube begins

to freeze. The timing for when to raise the string is when you can see that the water on the

You can conduct this experiment even without the use of salt. When ice cubes are

to melt allowing you to freeze the surface of the ice cube around a piece of string, and raise

it up. But use salt in this experiment to demonstrate its effect on ice as the ice melts and its

An age-old, science game that uses string to capture a piece of ice!

Experiment 2Let’s Fish for Ice Cubes!

water

Ice begins to melt in contact with salt Ice temperature begins to fall

Ice begins to freeze in contact with salt

User Guide for Guardians

and Instructors

31

Tips for a Successful Experiment The children are likely to be tempted to blow soap bubbles toward the container in an

attempt to get the bubbles inside the container. But doing this will scatter the carbon dioxide

that has built up in the container. When blowing the soap bubbles, instruct the children to

blow the bubbles above the container as opposed to into it. Soap bubbles that successfully

Suspend soap bubbles in the air indoors!

Experiment 3Suspend Soap Bubbles in the Air!

Experiment Explanation Sodium bicarbonate powder and citric acid do not react with each other when mixed

together, but do react when dissolved in water. When this occurs, it generates carbon

dioxide gas. Because the gas is heavier than air, it will settle for a while in the container.

Because carbon dioxide is a colorless gas, it is not visible to the eye, but the children will be

About Soap Bubbles

air currents outside carry them up. Indoors, however, where air is relatively still, soap

bubbles quickly fall to the floor. Children may tend to assume that soap bubbles will

automatically float up into the air. Try blowing a few soap bubbles indoors prior to

conducting this experiment to demonstrate how they immediately descend. This will convey

to the children the significance of the experiment. Eventually, even the soap bubbles

dioxide in the container slowly escaping.

About Having a Large Container

Use a large translucent container such as a clothing or costume storage case. This will

allow participants to observe many bubbles forming inside from the reaction between

sodium bicarbonate powder and citric acid as gas is formed.

Simply place a lid over the top of the container while it is forming gas. It is not necessary

to seal the container securely.

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Sodium bicarbonate powder and citric acid react together to absorb heat, leaving the

affected area cooler to the touch. This can be shown with a brief experiment that

About Effervescent Bath Salts

Bonus Experiment : Cool the palm of your hand

Reacting sodium bicarbonate powder with acid will generate carbon dioxide. This

employs the same principle as when putting an effervescent bath ball into bath water.

Children will feel a greater connection with science if you demonstrate this familiar chemical

reaction from everyday life.

containing these chemicals will melt in hot water, initiating a chemical reaction. The carbon

dioxide that is created from this reaction is said to have a heat insulating effect, and is

therefore used in bath salts.

What to Prepare

Experiment Method

Sodium bicarbonate powder, citric acid powder, a small stirring spoon, dropper, water, cup

❶ Place a small amount of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate powder in the middle of the palm of your hand.

❷

＊ Dripping water will cause bubbles to start forming, indicating the chemical reaction has begun. The reaction absorbs heat, making the affected portion of your hand feel cool.

＊Wash your hands after each experiment!

sodium bicarbonate powder

citric acid

water


and Instructors

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Dissolving urea in water produces a cooling effect. This is the principle that is employed in

commercially-available cooling packs. If measured with a thermometer, the drop in

temperature of water. For example, dissolving table salt in water will lower water

temperature by a few degrees centigrade. On the other hand, dissolving sodium hydroxide

Urea is a substance that can have a soothing cooling effect on the body when one is sick

or injured. Commercial cooling packs contain ammonium nitrates in addition to urea to

increase that effect.

Urea can be purchased online, at pharmacies or in gardening stores as nitrogen fertilizer.

Because this experiment requires water, conduct it over a tray to avoid getting clothes and

other things wet.

Make a cooling pack that instantly cools the moment you strike it!

Experiment 4That’s So Cool!


Experiment Warnings

In Step 4 of this experiment, it is important to remove as much air as possible from the

bag when sealing the plastic bag with its zipper. Otherwise, the pressure of leftover air

molecules trapped in the sealed bag may force open the seal on the bag when the bag is

from inside the bag as possible.

In Step 4, check to make sure the plastic bag is completely sealed. If it is even slightly

open, water will seep out.

Cleaning Up after the Experiment

Drain the urea away in the sink. After draining, you may get some urea on your hands,

which will feel slippery. If so, wash your hands well with water. Any urea still in the sink may

form crystals after a few days, so wash the sink well to ensure that no urea remains. Follow

your local disposal rules when disposing of aluminum foil and plastic zipper bags.

Urea from the experiment can also be used as botanical fertilizer. When doing so, sow a

small amount in soil away from plant roots. Pouring all of the urea from the experiment onto

plants may rot the roots, so please be careful.

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This is a demonstration using starch paste to show how colors can change.

Experiment Explanation Most paper has been treated with starch to reinforce its strength. Starch is a common

substance found in rice and potatoes. When mixed with the iodine contained in gargle liquid

solution, it reacts to turn the liquid a bluish-purple.

chemical composition. As a result, the iodine starch stops reacting, and the bluish-purple

color disappears. Since lemon juice contains vitamin C, it is a good substance for this

experiment.

Some paper does not contain starch, so check to see what kind of paper contains starch.

solution into the green tea, the iodine remaining in the brush will react with the vitamin C. If

you have only one brush to use, be sure to rinse the brush well with water after each use.

Paint a picture with brown-colored water and watch it turn purple. Then make the picture vanish!

Experiment 5Vanishing Art!

Demonstration Experiment

What to Prepare

Experiment Method

Solution containing iodine, starch paste, transparent cups, stirrer, bottled green tea

❶ Fill a cup about 40 percent with water, add starch paste

stir well until dissolved.

❷gargle solution that has been

❸ Fill another cup about 40 percent with bottled green tea and add to the cup in ❷ above.

water

Add a little diluted gargle solution

bottled green tea

＊ It is okay if not all of the starch paste dissolves

＊ The liquid containing dissolved starch paste will turn bluish-purple.

＊ The bluish-purple color vanishes.


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Warning when using ammonia-based insect bite solution

Handling Dry Ice

Ammonia has a pungent odor, so take extra care not to inhale it directly. Pouring some of

careful when using it.

Only adults should handle dry ice. When doing

dry ice with your bare hands. During the

experiment, use solid, not crushed, dry ice. You

of a kitchen knife on the surface and tapping the

Be sure that you wear a work glove on the hand

best not to wear a work glove on the hand that

holds the mallet.

Experiment 6Color Magic!


Purple sweet potato dye contains a pigment called anthocyanin. The purple color of a

liquid into which purple sweet potato dye has been dissolved will change as the liquid goes

from alkaline to acidic in nature: blue-green → blue → purple → magenta → red. Insect bite

treatment containing ammonia is an alkaline substance. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide.

When converted from a solid to gas form by being dissolved in water, the dry ice reveals

itself as an acidic carbon dioxide gas. Although adding insect bite treatment to the purple

sweet potato-dyed liquid changes the color to blue-green, adding dry ice will neutralize the

liquid, turning it from alkaline to neutral and then acidic, resulting in changes in the liquid

color: blue-green → blue → purple → magenta.

Purple sweet potato dye powder can be purchased online. Ammonia-based insect bite

solution can be purchased in pharmacies. An internet search should also tell you where you

can purchase dry ice.

Turn purple sweet potato powder into many different colors!

dry ice

bare hand

kitchen knife

mallet

gloved hand

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water

water

shake well

shake well

graduated cylinder

purple potato dye powder

insect bite solution

Acidic toilet determent

DemonstrationExperiment

What to Prepare

Experiment Methodcontaining hydrochloric acid, a tray

Conduct the experiment on a larger scale to more clearly see color changes.

❶ Fill about one-third of a 2-liter

containing purple sweet potato

and shake vigorously until the powder is dissolved.

❹ Add a few drops of insect bite so lu t ion , and then rotate the graduated cylinder in a circular movement to mix the solution in well. Repeat this process until the purple liquid turns blue, and then stop adding insect bite solution.

❼When the liquid turns magenta, repeat Step 6 to continue watching the colors change.

❽ When the liquid is magenta, add acid ic toilet detergent to make the red in the magenta liquid even more vivid.

❺ Drop 2-3 dry ice c u b e s i n t o t h e graduated cylinder.

❻ When the liquid turns a magenta color, add about 3 more drops of insect bite solution.

❷ Fill the plastic bottle to

w a t e r a n d s h a k e vigorously until the liquid has turned a consistent color.

❸d i s s o l ve d pu r p l e p o ta to powder l iquid into a large graduated cylinder.

Place the graduated cylinder in the center of a tray.

The liquid will change color in the following order: blue-green → blue→ purple→ magenta.

Here, carbon dioxide gas will continue to be emitted, so the graduated cylinder d o es n o t ne e d t o b e shaken. The blue-green liquid will instantly change in color from above.

Wait and watch the color changes; blue-green→ blue→ purple→ agenta.

The purple liquid will start to change to blue-green from above.

The detergent contains surfactants which cause immediate bubbling up.

children handle it. If by chance it gets on hands, rinse away well with water right away.

work gloves


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out a short length of cellophane tape, turn the tape a little to one side and pull down. Many

children try to pull the tape straight down without turning it, which requires considerably

more strength, and makes the tape harder to tear off.

Talk with a friend through a string phone!

Experiment 7Make a String Phone!

Experiment Explanation The point of this experiment is to make children aware of how the cups vibrate when

talking into or listening to them. When the speaker speaks into a cup, it vibrates. The

the sound of the voice. Talking through string-and-cup phones attached to a balloon also

demonstrates balloon vibration.

The string can be lengthened to make longer-distance phone calls. If you have access to

open space outside, try an experiment to see how far apart the speakers can go from each

other and still converse through the string phone.

Instead of string, use a piece of enamel wire. The vibration of sound when using a metal wire will make it sound like one is talking inside of a tunnel.

Related Experiment : Use an enamel wire!

What to Prepare

Experiment Method

❶ Using cellophane tape, tape the ends of the enamel wire firmly to the bottoms of two cups.

❷

enamel wire

＊press down on it to fasten the wire

＊ For metal wiring, you can still hear each other even if the string is not taut.

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Experiment Explanation Rubbing a straw with tissue paper gathers up negative static electricity on the straw.

Small scraps of tissue paper will start clinging to the straw as you bring it toward them since

the positively-charged tissue paper are attracted to the negatively charged straw.

Catch fish with static electricity!

Experiment 8Fishing with Static Electricity?

Rubbing a straw with tissue paper collects negative static electricity on the straw. But

water molecule contain both positive and negative electricity portions. The portion of

water molecule with positive electrical charges are attracted to the negatively-charged

static electricity stored on the straw, causing a stream of water to bend.

Bonus Experiment : Using a Straw

Experiment Method

❶ Rub a straw with a tissue paper in the same direction about 20 times.

❷ Turn on a water faucet and release a thin stream of water. Bring the straw close to the stream.

tissue paper

Move straw toward water＊ The water bends as if trying to attract the straw to it.

From the hand holding the straw, firmly rub toward the other end of the straw.


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string. Most packing string comes in 2-ply form. For this experiment to succeed, each

strand of string should be as lightweight as possible to promote greater expansion when

storing up static electricity. Spreading out the 2 pieces of string in Step 2 of the Experiment

successful experiment.

When children are conducting the experiment and rubbing the packing string with tissue

paper, they often hold the string upwards, but this can cause the string to string strands to

start spreading out before they have stored up a lot of static electricity, preventing the

strings from fully expanding. To avoid this, tape down the knot on a table using cellophane

tape and instruct the children to press down on the knot portion with one hand as they rub

using the tissue paper with their other hand. When the string has stored up plenty of static

electricity, remove the cellophane tape. Then instruct them to grasp the knot and slowly

raise the string bundle from the table. This will ensure that the experiment works to its full

effect.

Let's make and play with a static electricity jellyfish!

Experiment 9Make a Static Electric Jellyfish!


Charge rate

polyvinyl chloride

polyethylene

polypropylene

rubber

cotton

paper

aluminum

fur

wool

nylon

human hair

glass

positive negative

Rubbing together two different types of substances collects static electricity. The following

is a “triboelectric series” chart showing what materials tend to store either positive or

negative static electricity. If you want to collect a lot of static electricity, rub together two

items that are farthest apart from each other on the chart.

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40

spread out

cut thin strands

Tie into a knot

scarf

rub in samedirection

raise up toss upwards

It sticks!

rub

DemonstrationExperiment

What to Prepare

Experiment Method

wool scarf

＊ Most packing string is 2 ply, so

strands should automatically double the number of strands.

＊when rubbing.＊ W h e n s t a t i c electricity builds up, the string should stick to the table.

＊ Holding the balloon under the string bundle in just the right way will

This is an experiment demonstrating the collection of static electricity. When conducting this experiment, repeated practice is recommended beforehand. The balloons for this experiment should be of the long and thin variety used for balloon art.

❶ Tie a knot near the end of a piece of packing string about 15cm (6in) in length.

❹ On a table, hold down the knotted end of the string bundle, and using the wool scarf, rub the strands away from the knot about 20 times to store up static electricity.

❺ Grasp the knot of the string bund and gently pull it directly upwards.

❻ Quickly hold the balloon with stored up static electricity directly under the tossed up bundle as it falls.

❸ Inflate an art balloon and rub it in one direction about 20 times with a wool scarf to store up static electricity.

❷ Spread out the string and then cut 1-2mm (0.1in) wide strands.


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traveling direction. The plane of light vibration orients itself in various directions.

direction. Polarizing film is like a latticed window and therefore only allows through a

vibrating light in a certain direction. Stacking two polarizing plates will allow light to pass

through if oriented the same way, but if oriented differently will block the passage of light,

resulting in a darkening of the polarizing plate.

If a transparent object is placed between two polarizing films, the progress of the light will

to polarizing films. Therefore, placing a clear

plastic container, bag, spoon, or CD case in front

of a liquid crystal display and viewing it through


lighting department of a Do-It-Yourself store or at a store that handles science equipment.

Colored polarizing plates are also available, but for this experiment, use a colorless one.

seen, so try using different patterns when laying down the tape.

Only adults should handle scissors and utility knives. Take extra precaution to prevent

accident or injury.

Use a polarizing plate to see lots of colors!

Experiment 10Playing with Light!


light doesn’t pass throughhold still

clear plastic spoon

polarizing plate

rotatepolarizing

Experiment 1

face will appear and disappear.

the larger polarizing plate on top. It will have the same lightening and darkening effect.

Experiment 2 Looking through

display screen will cause the screen to go from transparent to dark.

Experiment 3 Hold a clear plastic container, bag, spoon or CD case in

that brightens the screen will make the colors even more vivid.

保護者・

指導者の

かたへ

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The magnetic strength of bar magnets is most powerful

at its two ends. This is demonstrated in the Experiment

Method Step 2 when many paper clips attached

themselves to the ends of a bar magnet. The same

applies when two bar magnets are placed together end

to end. The two ends are magnetically the strongest. In

magnet showed that the area of the magnets in the

middle, or no longer at the ends, had grown weak in

magnetism, resulting in the paper clips falling away.

connecting two bar magnets together from the start turns

them into one longer bar magnet with the magnetism

strongest at the two ends. As you conduct the

experiment, such as when connecting two bar magnets,

ask the children to predict what will happen to the paper

clips depending on their location along the magnets.


Experiment Warning

Bar magnets can be purchased online

or in stationery stores.

Children are generally familiar with the

kinds of magnets that are put on

refrigerators, but they are not familiar

with the bar magnets. Please teach them

how magnets have a north pole, a south

pole and the power to attract metal.

Bringing electrical devices and

magnet ic cards too c lose ly to

magnets can cause electrical devices

to malfunction, and render magnetic

cards unusable, so keep such items

away from magnets.

Magnets have the power to attract metal. Use a magnet to conduct many amazing experiments!

Experiment 11Magnet Magic!


＊ Differing poles of a magnet (north and south poles) attract each other, but the same poles (north and north poles, or south and south poles) repel each other.

＊

lift goes up

lift goes up

lift goes up

lift stays down

steel can

steel canaluminum

canaluminum

can

Experiment 1 Bring the north and south poles of two magnets toward each other. Then bring the same poles (north and north, and south and south) toward each other.

Experiment 2can, and lower a magnet above each. What happens?

Begin by conducting experiments that

south poles, and where magnetic strength

lies on a bar magnet.

Show them that the different poles of a

to each other, but that the same poles

repel each other. When seeing how metal

is attracted to a magnet, one is likely to

think that all metal will behave similarly, but

among metals, only steel, cobalt and nickel

stick to magnets. Other metals do not.

Magnetic Traits

For differing poles,

For same poles,

the magnets stick together.

the magnets repel each other.


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Hitachi Chemical encourages children’s curiosity in science

Amazing Discoveries! Science Experiments for Kids

Educational Material

Illustrations and design by ByuuunWorks

www.hitachi-chem.co.jpThe experiments in this booklet have been tested to confirm their safety under prescribed methods, proper conditions and with the strict observance

bears no responsibility for any problems or issues that may arise from the application of its contents, not observing or complying with such prescribed

Name Class - 日立化成株式会社 · The purple pigment of the purple sweet potato powder...

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